{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:32:01Z","timestamp":1792024321332,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001704","name":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","onlinecjc.ca","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:04:00Z","timestamp":1762272240000},"page":"559-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Does Biological Sex Determine the Natural History and Management of Infective Endocarditis?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Grillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burcu","family":"Isler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Bonet-Basiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rosell\u00f3-D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Escol\u00e0-Verg\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.22.289310","article-title":"Differentiating sex and gender in health research to achieve gender equity","volume":"101","author":"Kaufman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib2","series-title":"What a Difference Sex and Gender Make: A Gender, Sex and Health Research Casebook","author":"Coen","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.13749","article-title":"Analysis of female enrollment and participant sex by burden of disease in US clinical trials between 2000 and 2020","volume":"4","author":"Steinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6","article-title":"Sex and gender equity in research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use","volume":"1","author":"Heidari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006428","article-title":"Assessment of racial, ethnic, and sex-based disparities in time-to-antibiotics and sepsis outcomes in a large multihospital cohort","volume":"52","author":"Pak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.0473","article-title":"Female sex and mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Westgeest","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6847","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226847","article-title":"Differences in sex and the incidence and in-hospital mortality among people admitted for infective endocarditis in Spain, 2016\u20132020","volume":"11","author":"De Miguel-Yanes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026811","article-title":"Trends in occurrence and 30-day mortality of infective endocarditis in adults: population-based registry study in Finland","volume":"9","author":"Ahtela","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib9","first-page":"347","article-title":"Gender based analysis of a population series of patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis in Portugal: how do women and men compare?","volume":"34","author":"Sousa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020095","article-title":"Sex differences in the utilization and outcomes of cardiac valve replacement surgery for infective endocarditis: insights from the national inpatient sample","volume":"10","author":"Bansal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-319254","article-title":"Analysis of sex differences in the clinical presentation, management and prognosis of infective endocarditis in Spain","volume":"107","author":"Varela Barca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib12","first-page":"59","article-title":"184 Infective endocarditis in women: clinical characteristics and outcome","volume":"2","author":"Hamda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib13","article-title":"Sex differences in infective endocarditis: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Slouha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib14","article-title":"Characterizing sex-specific trends in opioid use disorder-associated infective endocarditis in the United States from 2016-2020","volume":"12","author":"Cooper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254553","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of infective endocarditis admission in adults: a population-based registry study in Finland","volume":"16","author":"Ahtela","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae292","article-title":"Sex-related differences in patients with infective endocarditis requiring cardiac surgery: insights from the CAMPAIGN Study Group","volume":"66","author":"Ackermann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw157","article-title":"Increasing infectious endocarditis admissions among young people who inject drugs","volume":"3","author":"Wurcel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012465","article-title":"Trends in infective endocarditis hospitalizations, characteristics, and valve operations in patients with opioid use disorders in the United States: 2005\u20132014","volume":"9","author":"Mori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib19","article-title":"Temporal trends and patterns of infective endocarditis in a Chinese population: a territory-wide study in Hong Kong (2002-2019)","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal West Pacific"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.10.029","article-title":"Temporal changes in the incidence of infective endocarditis in Denmark 1997\u20132017: a nationwide study","volume":"326","author":"Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.37861","article-title":"Infective endocarditis among women who inject drugs","volume":"7","author":"Adams","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263156","article-title":"Unequal access to opioid agonist treatment and sterile injecting equipment among hospitalized patients with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis","volume":"17","author":"Brothers","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123514","article-title":"Sex differences in characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis: a multicenter study","volume":"11","author":"Bhandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112588","article-title":"Risk factors for infective endocarditis and serious injection related infections among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles, CA and Denver, CO","volume":"269","author":"Ganesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01633-2","article-title":"Sex-related disparities in the incidence and outcomes of infective endocarditis according to type 2 diabetes mellitus status in Spain, 2016\u20132020","volume":"21","author":"Lopez-de-Andres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.081","article-title":"Sex-related factors in valvular heart disease: JACC Focus Seminar 5\/7","volume":"79","author":"Hahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Men\u2019s more frequent predisposing factors in infectious endocarditis facilitate improvement of outcomes by shortening of diagnostic delay","volume":"11","author":"Andre\u00df","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(10)70281-5","article-title":"Influence of sex on left-sided infective endocarditis","volume":"63","author":"Sevilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Espa\u00f1ola Cardiol (English Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.10.033","article-title":"Severity of presentation, not sex, increases risk of surgery for infective endocarditis","volume":"107","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-020-0039-6","article-title":"Gender differences in clinical features and complications of infective endocarditis: 11-year experience of a single institute in Egypt","volume":"72","author":"Elamragy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.02.019","article-title":"Sex differences in native-valve infective endocarditis in a single tertiary-care hospital","volume":"106","author":"Sambola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540600993285","article-title":"Gender differences in infective endocarditis: pre- and co-morbid conditions lead to different management and outcomes in female patients","volume":"39","author":"Aksoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.036","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"26","author":"Fauchier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.7.1921-1924.2000","article-title":"Comparison of a rabbit model of bacterial endocarditis and an in vitro infection model with simulated endocardial vegetations","volume":"44","author":"Hershberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(79)90021-5","article-title":"Experimental infective endocarditis","volume":"22","author":"Freedman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa354","article-title":"Cloxacillin or fosfomycin plus daptomycin combinations are more active than cloxacillin monotherapy or combined with gentamicin against MSSA in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis","volume":"75","author":"Garc\u00eda-De-La-M\u00e0ria","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55421-x","article-title":"Sex differences in in-hospital management in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a prospective multicenter observational study","volume":"14","author":"Ahn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04631-w","article-title":"Exploring sex differences in infective endocarditis: a prospective, observational study from Western Norway","volume":"25","author":"Jordal","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.08.021","article-title":"Sex differences in infective endocarditis","volume":"361","author":"Polishchuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304916","article-title":"Relationships between sex, early valve surgery and mortality in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis analysed in a population-based cohort study","volume":"100","author":"Curlier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071875","article-title":"Sex-specific risk factors for short-and long-term outcomes after surgery in patients with infective endocarditis","volume":"11","author":"Friedrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib42","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical profiles and management outcomes","volume":"56","author":"Salim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae114","article-title":"Sex differences and outcomes in surgical infective endocarditis","volume":"65","author":"Leterrier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.899360","article-title":"Gender-based long-term surgical outcome in patients with active infective aortic valve endocarditis","volume":"22","author":"Dohmen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs043","article-title":"EuroSCORE II","volume":"41","author":"Nashef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.03.003","article-title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2018 Adult Cardiac Surgery Risk Models: Part 2\u2013Statistical Methods and Results","volume":"105","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.11.039","article-title":"Higher mortality in women after coronary artery bypass: meta-analysis and bias analysis of confounding","volume":"113","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319914","article-title":"Sex differences and similarities in valvular heart disease","volume":"130","author":"DesJardin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14202259","article-title":"Impact of psoas muscle area index on short- and mid-term mortality in patients undergoing valve surgery for infective endocarditis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"14","author":"Dinges","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib50","first-page":"413","article-title":"Coronary surgery in women and the challenges we face","volume":"34","author":"Hessian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/108925320400800403","article-title":"Does gender influence the likelihood or types of complications following cardiac surgery?","volume":"8","author":"Fox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00055-7","article-title":"Effect of gender on postoperative outcomes and hospital stays after coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"67","author":"Aldea","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib53","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden and trends of infective endocarditis from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.07.018","article-title":"Gender, age, and regional disparities in the incidence and mortality trends of infective endocarditis in the United States between 1990 and 2019","volume":"203","author":"Mettler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.106992","article-title":"Mortality trends of infective endocarditis in Spain (2003-2022)","volume":"165","author":"Cayuela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13174984","article-title":"Similar outcomes in males and females undergoing surgery for infective endocarditis","volume":"13","author":"Leviner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib57","article-title":"Sex differences in health resource utilization, costs and mortality during hospitalization for infective endocarditis in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Chew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Heart J Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02109-5","article-title":"Sex differences in infective endocarditis: a Danish nationwide study","volume":"52","author":"Stahl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad464","article-title":"Infective endocarditis after transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"78","author":"Panagides","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab533","article-title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes associated with infective endocarditis in pregnancy","volume":"73","author":"Dagher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac258","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in pregnant women without intravenous drug use: a multicentre retrospective case series","volume":"77","author":"Escol\u00e0-Verg\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa239","article-title":"Maternal bacteremia caused by staphylococcus aureus with a focus on infective endocarditis","volume":"7","author":"Morelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2021.1912821","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in pregnancy from 2009 to 2019: the consequences of injection drug use","volume":"53","author":"Sinner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis (London)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.29104","article-title":"Participation of women in cardiovascular trials from 2017 to 2023: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Rivera","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004806","article-title":"Simple scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis","volume":"6","author":"Gatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/14017431.2019.1610188","article-title":"Risk scores and surgery for infective endocarditis: in search of a good predictive score","volume":"53","author":"Gatti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.04.266","article-title":"Valve surgery in active infective endocarditis: a simple score to predict in-hospital prognosis","volume":"175","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Sell\u00e9s","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.09.016","article-title":"Outcomes for endocarditis surgery in North America: a simplified risk scoring system","volume":"141","author":"Gaca","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X25013005?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X25013005?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T15:31:22Z","timestamp":1774711882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X25013005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X25013005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0828-282X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Does Biological Sex Determine the Natural History and Management of Infective Endocarditis?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.10.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}