{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:57:34Z","timestamp":1793995054511,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-528485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-528485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006127","name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen&apos;s University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-03887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-03887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","onlinecjc.ca","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:17:44Z","timestamp":1771546664000},"page":"1781-1797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cardiac Macrophages Across Space and Time: Roles in Homeostasis, Disease, and Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Seily","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5653-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors among older adults in six low-and middle-income countries: results from SAGE Wave 1","volume":"18","author":"Ruan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib2","article-title":"A systematic review of major cardiovascular risk factors: a growing global health concern","volume":"14","author":"Adhikary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171471","article-title":"A comprehensive review of cardiovascular disease management: cardiac biomarkers, imaging modalities, pharmacotherapy, surgical interventions, and herbal remedies","volume":"13","author":"Netala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03231-w","article-title":"The global prevalence of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Salari","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007405","article-title":"Management of acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy: an expert consensus document","volume":"13","author":"Ammirati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i6.478","article-title":"Cardiomyopathies: evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies","volume":"6","author":"Sisakian","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20230226","article-title":"The immunology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"137","author":"Smart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib8","article-title":"Targeted therapy in cardiovascular disease: a precision therapy era","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib9","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.908790","article-title":"Macrophage, a potential targeted therapeutic immune cell for cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1682294","article-title":"Macrophages in ventricular remodeling and heart failure: orchestrators of inflammation and repair","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib12","first-page":"1172","article-title":"The dynamic facets of the cardiac stroma: from classical markers to omics and translational perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Picchio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01747-2","article-title":"Region and cell-type resolved quantitative proteomic map of the human heart","volume":"8","author":"Doll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041694","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing of mouse heart immune infiltrate in pressure overload\u2013driven heart failure reveals extent of immune activation","volume":"140","author":"Martini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.019","article-title":"Embryonic and adult-derived resident cardiac macrophages are maintained through distinct mechanisms at steady state and during inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Epelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10156-z","article-title":"Multiple roles of cardiac macrophages in heart homeostasis and failure","volume":"27","author":"Moskalik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib17","article-title":"Macrophages of the heart: homeostasis and disease","author":"Mabatha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307778","article-title":"Revisiting cardiac cellular composition","volume":"118","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.882027","article-title":"The roles of cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells in myocarditis","volume":"9","author":"Xuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00687-0","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.001993","article-title":"Necrotic myocardial cells release damage-associated molecular patterns that provoke fibroblast activation in vitro and trigger myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in vivo","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.10.011","article-title":"Involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of lethal myocardial reperfusion injury","volume":"61","author":"Vinten-Johansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3800","article-title":"Role of innate and adaptive immunity in cardiac injury and repair","volume":"15","author":"Epelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.243162","article-title":"Regulation of the inflammatory response in cardiac repair","volume":"110","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.323817","article-title":"Dissecting and visualizing the functional diversity of cardiac macrophages","volume":"134","author":"Holt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00848-y","article-title":"Tissue-specific macrophages: how they develop and choreograph tissue biology","volume":"23","author":"Mass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01105-4","article-title":"Crosstalk between macrophages and cardiac cells after myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Jian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03982-z","article-title":"Cell-cell interactions in the heart: advanced cardiac models and omics technologies","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-025-00390-5","article-title":"Functional diversity of disorder-specific macrophages involved in various diseases","volume":"45","author":"Mitsui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1649468","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics integration: new frontiers in tumor microenvironment and cellular communication","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2024.02.007","article-title":"Recent advances in potential targets for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: role of macrophages","volume":"169","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib33","first-page":"486","article-title":"Ontogeny of tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"22","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16029","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406508111","article-title":"Distinct macrophage lineages contribute to disparate patterns of cardiac recovery and remodeling in the neonatal and adult heart","volume":"111","author":"Lavine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84679","article-title":"Comparative single-cell profiling reveals distinct cardiac resident macrophages essential for zebrafish heart regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abf7777","article-title":"Three tissue resident macrophage subsets coexist across organs with conserved origins and life cycles","volume":"7","author":"Dick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0059-x","article-title":"The human heart contains distinct macrophage subsets with divergent origins and functions","volume":"24","author":"Bajpai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.308270","article-title":"Primitive embryonic macrophages are required for coronary development and maturation","volume":"118","author":"Leid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.08.016","article-title":"Renewal of embryonic and neonatal-derived cardiac-resident macrophages in response to environmental cues abrogated their potential to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation via Jagged-1\u2013Notch1","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.08.009","article-title":"Resident cardiac macrophages: heterogeneity and function in health and disease","volume":"55","author":"Zaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2797-4","article-title":"Cells of the adult human heart","volume":"588","author":"Litvi\u0148ukov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112793","article-title":"Cross-organ single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals macrophage and dendritic cell heterogeneity in zebrafish","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu225","article-title":"Silencing of CCR2 in myocarditis","volume":"36","author":"Leuschner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.314028","article-title":"Tissue resident CCR2\u2212 and CCR2+ cardiac macrophages differentially orchestrate monocyte recruitment and fate specification following myocardial injury","volume":"124","author":"Bajpai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115380","article-title":"Tissue-resident CCR2+ macrophage TREM-1\/3 signaling is necessary for monocyte and neutrophil recruitment to injured hearts","volume":"44","author":"Terada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heart-resident CCR2+ macrophages promote neutrophil extravasation through TLR9\/MyD88\/CXCL5 signaling","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01252-8","article-title":"TREM2 macrophage promotes cardiac repair in myocardial infarction by reprogramming metabolism via SLC25A53","volume":"31","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00555-4","article-title":"Bone-marrow macrophage-derived GPNMB protein binds to orphan receptor GPR39 and plays a critical role in cardiac repair","volume":"3","author":"Ramadoss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0272-2","article-title":"Self-renewing resident cardiac macrophages limit adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction","volume":"20","author":"Dick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.054","article-title":"Lipid-associated macrophages control metabolic homeostasis in a Trem2-dependent manner","volume":"178","author":"Jaitin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaz1974","article-title":"The myeloid type I interferon response to myocardial infarction begins in bone marrow and is regulated by Nrf2-activated macrophages","volume":"5","author":"Calcagno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14050345","article-title":"Pro-fibrotic macrophage subtypes: SPP1+ macrophages as a key player and therapeutic target in cardiac fibrosis?","volume":"14","author":"Uhlig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05060-x","article-title":"Spatial multi-omic map of human myocardial infarction","volume":"608","author":"Kuppe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142145","article-title":"Heart valve structure and function in development and disease","volume":"73","author":"Hinton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a037408","article-title":"Development of the cardiac conduction system","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib56","first-page":"1707","article-title":"Interplay between cardiac function and heart development","volume":"1863","author":"Andr\u00e9s-Delgado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a036723","article-title":"The endocardium and heart valves","volume":"12","author":"Dye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphometric study of epicardium and myocardium thickness in adult human hearts","volume":"8","author":"Ramadan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Angiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(03)00253-0","article-title":"The human adult cardiomyocyte phenotype","volume":"58","author":"Bird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0046-4","article-title":"The epicardium as a hub for heart regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5603\/FHC.a2016.0014","article-title":"Pericardium: structure and function in health and disease","volume":"54","author":"Jaworska-Wilczynska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63599-5","article-title":"The pericardium forms as a distinct structure during heart formation","volume":"16","author":"Moran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.01.021","article-title":"Endocardially-derived macrophages are essential for valvular remodeling","volume":"48","author":"Shigeta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.03.014","article-title":"Epicardium is required for cardiac seeding by yolk sac macrophages, precursors of resident macrophages of the adult heart","volume":"413","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.194563","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages regulate lymphatic vessel growth and patterning in the developing heart","volume":"148","author":"Cahill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa062","article-title":"Macrophage lineages in heart valve development and disease","volume":"117","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.310667","article-title":"Macrophage transitions in heart valve development and myxomatous valve disease","volume":"38","author":"Hulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1997.19130417.x","article-title":"Distribution of myocardial macrophages in the normal human heart","volume":"191","author":"Azzawi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab036","article-title":"Nerve\u2013macrophage interactions in cardiovascular disease","volume":"34","author":"Fujiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.050","article-title":"Macrophages facilitate electrical conduction in the heart","volume":"169","author":"Hulsmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib71","article-title":"A functional cardiac patch promotes cardiac repair by modulating the CCR2\u2212 cardiac-resident macrophage niche and their cell crosstalk","volume":"6","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-024-01084-8","article-title":"Macrophages enhance sodium channel expression in cardiomyocytes","volume":"119","author":"Bogert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320567","article-title":"Genetic lineage tracing of pericardial cavity macrophages in the injured heart","volume":"130","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110244","article-title":"The protective role of GATA6+ pericardial macrophages in pericardial inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Hughes","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01934-1","article-title":"Potential functions of embryonic cardiac macrophages in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling","volume":"155","author":"Gula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.05.011","article-title":"Primitive macrophages enable long-term vascularization of human heart-on-a-chip platforms","volume":"31","author":"Landau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045401","article-title":"Transcriptional and cellular diversity of the human heart","volume":"142","author":"Tucker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.009","article-title":"A reservoir of mature cavity macrophages that can rapidly invade visceral organs to affect tissue repair","volume":"165","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.010","article-title":"Gata6+ pericardial cavity macrophage relocate to the injured heart and prevent cardiac fibrosis","volume":"51","author":"Deniset","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.821480","article-title":"Pleural resident macrophages and pleural IRA B cells promote efficient immunity against pneumonia by inducing early pleural space inflammation","volume":"13","author":"B\u00e9nard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2024.104944","article-title":"Pathobiology of myocardial and cardiomyocyte injury in ischemic heart disease: perspective from seventy years of cell injury research","volume":"140","author":"Buja","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.046565","article-title":"Mouse models of myocardial infarction: comparing permanent ligation and ischaemia-reperfusion","volume":"13","author":"De Villiers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033648","article-title":"Neonatal heart regeneration: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"138","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032577","article-title":"In vivo mapping of myocardial injury outside the infarct zone: tissue at an intermediate pathological state","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib85","article-title":"Changes in the immune cell landscape in the infarcted mouse heart","volume":"44","author":"Mitre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303933","article-title":"It takes two to tango: monocyte and macrophage duality in the infarcted heart","volume":"114","author":"Prabhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12305","article-title":"Immune cells in repair of the infarcted myocardium","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvscit.2022.09.015","article-title":"Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging quantifies tissue perfusion around foot ulcers","volume":"8","author":"Pantoja","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Techn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3501","article-title":"The role of regional myocardial topography post-myocardial infarction on infarct extension","volume":"37","author":"Leong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-022-00140-7","article-title":"Spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis reveals critical roles for mechano-sensing genes at the border zone in remodeling after myocardial infarction","volume":"1","author":"Yamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-022-00160-3","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of the infarcted heart define the dynamic onset of the border zone in response to mechanical destabilization","volume":"1","author":"Calcagno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200708","article-title":"Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart","volume":"331","author":"Porrello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14263-2","article-title":"Macrophages directly contribute collagen to scar formation during zebrafish heart regeneration and mouse heart repair","volume":"11","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2431-9","article-title":"Cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction---from repair and remodeling to regeneration","volume":"365","author":"Talman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10859-w","article-title":"Macrophage hypoxia signaling regulates cardiac fibrosis via Oncostatin M","volume":"10","author":"Abe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044484","article-title":"gp130 controls cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100526","article-title":"Complete cardiac regeneration in a mouse model of myocardial infarction","volume":"4","author":"Haubner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac153","article-title":"Adult T-cells impair neonatal cardiac regeneration","volume":"43","author":"Dolejsi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI175297","article-title":"Single-cell multiomic analysis identifies macrophage subpopulations in promoting cardiac repair","volume":"134","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72181","article-title":"Macrophages are required for neonatal heart regeneration","volume":"124","author":"Aurora","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071676","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in cardiac injury and repair following myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00717-y","article-title":"Spatial multiomics of acute myocardial infarction reveals immune cell infiltration through the endocardium","volume":"4","author":"W\u00fcnnemann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85782","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages determine repair of the infarcted adult murine heart","volume":"126","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303204","article-title":"Ly-6Chigh monocytes depend on Nr4a1 to balance both inflammatory and reparative phases in the infarcted myocardium","volume":"114","author":"Hilgendorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034621","article-title":"Inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation initiated in response to pressure overload by Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II \u03b4 signaling in cardiomyocytes are essential for adverse cardiac remodeling","volume":"138","author":"Suetomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1208","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00251.2012","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte ATP release through pannexin 1 aids in early fibroblast activation","volume":"303","author":"Dolmatova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.324650","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte PANX1 controls glycolysis and neutrophil recruitment in hypertrophy","volume":"135","author":"Pavelec","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib108","article-title":"Neutrophil crosstalk during cardiac wound healing after myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Chalise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib109","first-page":"187","article-title":"Neutrophils orchestrate post-myocardial infarction healing by polarizing macrophages towards a reparative phenotype","volume":"38","author":"Horckmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08008-5","article-title":"Targeting immune\u2013fibroblast cell communication in heart failure","volume":"635","author":"Amrute","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abe4932","article-title":"NF-\u03baB activation in cardiac fibroblasts results in the recruitment of inflammatory Ly6C hi monocytes in pressure-overloaded hearts","volume":"14","author":"Abe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib112","first-page":"52","article-title":"Targeting cardiac resident CCR2+ macrophage-secreted MCP-1 to attenuate inflammation after myocardial infarction","volume":"16","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05353-x","article-title":"Macrophage and fibroblast trajectory inference and crosstalk analysis during myocardial infarction using integrated single-cell transcriptomic datasets","volume":"22","author":"Ke","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113174","article-title":"A transient wave of Bhlhe41+ resident macrophages enables remodeling of the developing infarcted myocardium","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104744","article-title":"Interleukin-34-NF-\u03baB signaling aggravates myocardial ischemic\/reperfusion injury by facilitating macrophage recruitment and polarization","volume":"95","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2020.03.010","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblast activation during myocardial infarction wound healing","volume":"91-92","author":"Daseke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170689","article-title":"The infarcted myocardium solicits GM-CSF for the detrimental oversupply of inflammatory leukocytes","volume":"214","author":"Anzai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05463-0","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2-mediated adaptive reprogramming of endogenous human cardiac fibroblasts to cells with immune features during fibrotic remodeling","volume":"6","author":"Siamwala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwae013","article-title":"Macrophages suppress cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts in vivo via IFN-mediated intercellular self-stimulating circuit","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.503","article-title":"Pro-angiogenic macrophage phenotype to promote myocardial repair","volume":"73","author":"Ferraro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4661","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720065115","article-title":"Distinct roles of resident and nonresident macrophages in nonischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"115","author":"Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06726-6","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response reveals the modulation of macrophage subsets post-myocardial infarction","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07806-1","article-title":"Spatially clustered type I interferon responses at injury borderzones","volume":"633","author":"Ninh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abq5389","article-title":"Stress signaling boosts interferon-induced gene transcription in macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Boccuni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.07.003","article-title":"Resident cardiac macrophages mediate adaptive myocardial remodeling","volume":"54","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069420","article-title":"Suppression of the prostaglandin I2\u2013type 1 interferon axis induces extramedullary hematopoiesis to promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction","volume":"151","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.071772","article-title":"Splenic CD169+Tim4+ marginal metallophilic macrophages are essential for wound healing after myocardial infarction","volume":"151","author":"Ismahil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057549","article-title":"Cardiac resident macrophage-derived legumain improves cardiac repair by promoting clearance and degradation of apoptotic cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction","volume":"145","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib129","first-page":"8786","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a comparison","volume":"8","author":"Hashmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32346-5","article-title":"Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in mice: a comprehensive hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characterization","volume":"13","author":"Clasen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3181\/0612-RM-308","article-title":"Impact of ischemia and reperfusion times on myocardial infarct size in mice in vivo","volume":"233","author":"Redel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01222-3","article-title":"Macrophages promote the transition from myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury to cardiac fibrosis in mice through GMCSF\/CCL2\/CCR2 and phenotype switching","volume":"45","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib133","article-title":"Unveiling macrophage diversity in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: identification of a distinct lipid-associated macrophage subset","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.37349\/ei.2025.1003211","article-title":"Macrophages and fibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis: interactions and transformation","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Explor Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111403","article-title":"The macrophage\u2013fibroblast dipole in the context of cardiac repair and fibrosis","volume":"14","author":"Psarras","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.323816","article-title":"Autoimmune myocarditis, old dogs and new tricks","volume":"134","author":"Won","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.133","article-title":"Coxsackievirus myocarditis: interplay between virus and host in the pathogenesis of heart disease","volume":"19","author":"Tam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2023.2219895","article-title":"Myocarditis and autoimmunity","volume":"21","author":"Matsumori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib139","article-title":"Expansion of disease specific cardiac macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis","volume":"2023","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20132126","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblasts mediate IL-17A\u2013driven inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"211","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2025.100182","article-title":"Loss of fibronectin fiber tension is inherent to ECM remodeling in human myocarditis and post-inflammatory fibrosis","volume":"28","author":"Sridhar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Matrix Biol Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.06.007","article-title":"The cardiac microenvironment instructs divergent monocyte fates and functions in myocarditis","volume":"28","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-025-00621-2","article-title":"Macrophage-derived SPP1 exacerbate myocardial injury by interacting with fibroblasts in viral myocarditis","volume":"20","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02143-9","article-title":"Spatiotemporal transcriptomics elucidates the pathogenesis of fulminant viral myocarditis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib145","first-page":"1729","article-title":"Transverse aortic constriction in mice","volume":"38","author":"deAlmeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319737","article-title":"Cardiac resident macrophages prevent fibrosis and stimulate angiogenesis","volume":"129","author":"Revelo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050682","article-title":"MicroRNA-21\u2013dependent macrophage-to-fibroblast signaling determines the cardiac response to pressure overload","volume":"143","author":"Ramanujam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.326599","article-title":"Macrophage-derived CCL24 promotes cardiac fibrosis via fibroblast CCR3","volume":"137","author":"Parthiban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17985","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605545103","article-title":"Angiotensin II causes hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through its receptors in the kidney","volume":"103","author":"Crowley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.07.006","article-title":"Selective loss of resident macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 abolishes adaptive cardiac growth to stress","volume":"54","author":"Zaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib151","first-page":"158","article-title":"Aging and cardiac fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Biernacka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-011-9270-2","article-title":"Age-associated changes in cardiovascular structure and function: a fertile milieu for future disease","volume":"17","author":"Fleg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01393-X","article-title":"Importance of heart failure with preserved systolic function in patients \u226565 years of age","volume":"87","author":"Kitzman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23313","article-title":"Cardiac changes associated with vascular aging","volume":"43","author":"Singam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554251374725","article-title":"Immunohistochemical assessment of cardiac macrophages in the aged Fischer 344 rat","volume":"73","author":"Bloomer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.327060","article-title":"Vascular niches are the primary hotspots in cardiac aging","volume":"137","author":"Rodriguez Morales","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20140639","article-title":"Progressive replacement of embryo-derived cardiac macrophages with age","volume":"211","author":"Molawi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13438","article-title":"Aging influences the cardiac macrophage phenotype and function during steady state and during inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Esfahani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.94794.3","article-title":"Cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects of Arginase 2 on cardiac aging","volume":"13","author":"Potenza","year":"2025","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib160","article-title":"Cardiovascular inflammaging: mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Spray","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv128","article-title":"Deriving a cardiac ageing signature to reveal MMP-9-dependent inflammatory signalling in senescence","volume":"106","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-221168","article-title":"CD206+ macrophages are relevant non-invasive imaging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in experimental lung fibrosis","volume":"79","author":"Pommerolle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070726","article-title":"Galectin-3 expression and secretion links macrophages to the promotion of renal fibrosis","volume":"172","author":"Henderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.10.033","article-title":"Transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 signaling in cardiac remodeling","volume":"51","author":"Dobaczewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100669","article-title":"Age-related changes in tissue macrophages precede cardiac functional impairment","volume":"6","author":"Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030345","article-title":"Aging activates the immune system and alters the regenerative capacity in the zebrafish heart","volume":"11","author":"Reuter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9884-3","article-title":"Obesity and related consequences to ageing","volume":"38","author":"Jura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000501745","article-title":"Aging is a powerful risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of body mass index","volume":"66","author":"Fazeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.324106","article-title":"Lysozyme 1 inflamed CCR2+ macrophages promote obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12100384","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming and cell interaction in atherosclerosis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2020.20.e22","article-title":"Deciphering macrophage phenotypes upon lipid uptake and atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immune Network"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib172","article-title":"Macrophage polarisation and inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis: Implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03617","article-title":"Aging, arterial stiffness and hypertension","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1457","article-title":"Spatial proximity to fibroblasts impacts molecular features and therapeutic sensitivity of breast cancer cells influencing clinical outcomes","volume":"76","author":"Marusyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00044","article-title":"Microenvironmental signals and biochemical information processing: cooperative determinants of intratumoral plasticity and heterogeneity","volume":"6","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01840-1","article-title":"Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7923","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157923","article-title":"The evolving roles of cardiac macrophages in homeostasis, regeneration, and repair","volume":"22","author":"Alvarez-Argote","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.031","article-title":"A network of macrophages supports mitochondrial homeostasis in the heart","volume":"183","author":"Nicol\u00e1s-\u00c1vila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2016.10.004","article-title":"Regulation of embryonic and postnatal development by the CSF-1 receptor","volume":"123","author":"Chitu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Top Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.6.1357","article-title":"Role of colony stimulating factor-1 in the establishment and regulation of tissue macrophages during postnatal development of the mouse","volume":"120","author":"Cecchini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.89377.4","article-title":"Resident and recruited macrophages differentially contribute to cardiac healing after myocardial ischemia","volume":"12","author":"Weinberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11053-8","article-title":"Deletion of a Csf1r enhancer selectively impacts CSF1R expression and development of tissue macrophage populations","volume":"10","author":"Rojo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.015","article-title":"Establishment and maintenance of the macrophage niche","volume":"52","author":"Guilliams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315255","article-title":"Local M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor) expression regulates macrophage proliferation and apoptosis in atherosclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Sinha","year":"2020","journal-title":"ATVB"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.04.005","article-title":"Colony stimulating factor-1 producing endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells maintain monocytes within a perivascular bone marrow niche","volume":"55","author":"Emoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0959","article-title":"M2b macrophages regulate cardiac fibroblast activation and alleviate cardiac fibrosis after reperfusion injury","volume":"84","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI87491","article-title":"The extracellular matrix in myocardial injury, repair, and remodeling","volume":"127","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.07.015","article-title":"The extracellular matrix as a modulator of the inflammatory and reparative response following myocardial infarction","volume":"48","author":"Dobaczewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2011","article-title":"Matricellular proteins in cardiac adaptation and disease","volume":"92","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1997.0486","article-title":"Increased expression of fibronectin isoforms after myocardial infarction in rats","volume":"29","author":"Ulrich","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib191","first-page":"793","article-title":"Macrophages and fibroblasts express embryonic fibronectins during cutaneous wound healing","volume":"142","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081244","article-title":"Absence of SPARC results in increased cardiac rupture and dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"206","author":"Schellings","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib193","first-page":"1450","article-title":"Macrophages express osteopontin during repair of myocardial necrosis","volume":"145","author":"Murry","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63154-9","article-title":"Of mice and dogs: species-specific differences in the inflammatory response following myocardial infarction","volume":"164","author":"Dewald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199607)179:3<321::AID-PATH555>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Tenascin and fibronectin expression in healing human myocardial scars","volume":"179","author":"Willems","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06004","article-title":"Tenascin-C may accelerate cardiac fibrosis by activating macrophages via the integrin \u03b1V\u03b23\/nuclear factor\u2013\u03baB\/interleukin-6 axis","volume":"66","author":"Shimojo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137515","article-title":"Systemic and cardiac depletion of M2 macrophage through CSF-1R signaling inhibition alters cardiac function post myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Leblond","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib198","article-title":"Cardiac sympathetic overdrive, M2 macrophage activation and fibroblast heterogeneity are associated with cardiac remodeling in a chronic pressure overload rat model of HFpEF","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib199","article-title":"CD47 blockade enhances phagocytosis of cardiac cell debris by neutrophils","volume":"48","author":"Haj-Yehia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib200","article-title":"Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta regulates CD47 expression after myocardial infarction in rats via the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.03.013","article-title":"Acute CD47 blockade during ischemic myocardial reperfusion enhances phagocytosis-associated cardiac repair","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X2600142X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0828282X2600142X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:49:34Z","timestamp":1786650574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0828282X2600142X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":201,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0828282X2600142X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0828-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0828-282X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiac Macrophages Across Space and Time: Roles in Homeostasis, Disease, and Remodeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2026.02.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}