{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:35:29Z","timestamp":1792812929635,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cjcopen.ca","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJC Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T08:51:53Z","timestamp":1701679913000},"page":"582-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Profiles Across Population Surveys From 5 High- to Low-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent","family":"Maposa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa C.C.","family":"Brant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neusa","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gast\u00f3n","family":"Perman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baizid Khoorshid","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshpal Singh","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norrina B.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darwin R.","family":"Labarthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib1","first-page":"742529","article-title":"The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors: 2020 and beyond","author":"Mensah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703","article-title":"Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association\u2019s Strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond","volume":"121","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078","article-title":"Life\u2019s essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association\u2019s construct of cardiovascular health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"146","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.339","article-title":"Trends in cardiovascular health metrics and associations with all-cause and CVD mortality among US adults","volume":"307","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib5","first-page":"1690","article-title":"Community prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health, by the American Heart Association definition, and relationship with cardiovascular disease incidence","volume":"57","author":"Folsom","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0AmColl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.011","article-title":"Ideal cardiovascular health, mortality, and vascular events in elderly subjects: the three-city study","volume":"69","author":"Gaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.10.024","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle in the primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease among young women","volume":"65","author":"Chomistek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.081083","article-title":"Ideal cardiovascular health predicts lower risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death across Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics: the northern Manhattan study","volume":"125","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.049122","article-title":"Ideal cardiovascular health and mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system among adults in the United States","volume":"125","author":"Ford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.01.019","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the prevalence and outcomes of ideal cardiovascular health in US and non-US populations","volume":"91","author":"Younus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142021 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Virani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E871","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170914","article-title":"Development and validation of a cardiovascular disease risk-prediction model using population health surveys: the Cardiovascular Disease Population Risk Tool (CVDPoRT)","volume":"190","author":"Manuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2019.06.006","article-title":"Cardiovascular health in a national sample of Venezuelan subjects assessed according to the AHA score: the EVESCAM","volume":"14","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rivas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib14","first-page":"4259","article-title":"Cardiovascular health and validation of the self-reported score in Brazil: analysis of the National Health Survey","volume":"25","author":"Dias Moreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ci\u00ean Sa\u00fade Colet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2021.1937127","article-title":"Further understanding of ideal cardiovascular health score metrics and cardiovascular disease","volume":"19","author":"Michos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302962","article-title":"The World Health Organization STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk-factor surveillance: methods, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"106","author":"Riley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib17","series-title":"WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual: The WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance","year":"2005"},{"issue":"184","key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015\u2212 2018: sample design and estimation procedures","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib21","series-title":"Health Survey for England","author":"Craig","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232014192.14072012","article-title":"National Health Survey in Brazil: design and methodology of application","volume":"19","author":"Szwarcwald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib23","unstructured":"National Center for Education Statistics: Comparative Indicators of Education in the United States and Other G-20 Countries, 2015. Available at: https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2016\/2016100\/app_a3.asp. Accessed February 1, 2023."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib28","article-title":"Laboratory exams of the National Health Survey: methodology of sampling, data collection and analysis","volume":"22","author":"Szwarcwald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5497201500060009","article-title":"Ideal cardiovascular health prevalence in the Brazilian population\u2014National Health Survey (2013)","volume":"18","author":"Velasquez-Melendez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-272","article-title":"European Project on Osteoarthritis (EPOSA): methodological challenges in harmonization of existing data from five European population-based cohorts on aging","volume":"12","author":"Schaap","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"190","key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017\u2013March 2020 Prepandemic File: Sample Design, Estimation, and Analytic Guidelines","author":"Akinbami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142020 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"141","author":"Virani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142019 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142023 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib34","article-title":"Nondietary cardiovascular health metrics with patient experience and loss of productivity among US adults without cardiovascular disease: the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2006 to 2015","volume":"9","author":"Tibuakuu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia3040040","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors with ideal cardiovascular health metrics in Bangladesh: analysis of the nationally representative STEPS 2018 Survey","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiologia (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks090","article-title":"Tobacco control policy in the UK: blueprint for the rest of Europe?","volume":"23","author":"Levy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101329","article-title":"Cardiovascular health and healthy longevity in people with and without cardiometabolic disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039200","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight\/obesity among the adult population in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kassie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008769","article-title":"Underweight: another risk factor for cardiovascular disease?: a cross-sectional 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) study of 491,773 individuals in the USA","volume":"96","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635011","article-title":"Defining obesity cut points in a multiethnic population","volume":"115","author":"Razak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2019.02.004","article-title":"Global physical activity levels\u2013need for intervention","volume":"62","author":"Ozemek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61353-0","article-title":"Prevention and management of chronic disease: a litmus test for health-systems strengthening in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"376","author":"Samb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.009","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and prevention: a perspective from developing countries","volume":"37","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib45","series-title":"Fuster and Hurst's The Heart","article-title":"Psychological factors in cardiovascular health and disease","author":"Labarthe","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e717","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70310-9","article-title":"Active surveillance for rheumatic heart disease in endemic regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence among children and adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Rothenb\u00fchler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatic heart disease, 1990\u20132015","volume":"377","author":"Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600934","article-title":"Dietary patterns in six European populations: results from EURALIM, a collaborative European data harmonization and information campaign","volume":"54","author":"Beer-Borst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib49","first-page":"462","article-title":"Validation of self-reported sleep against actigraphy","volume":"22","author":"Girschik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02542-6","article-title":"Validation of the National Health and Nutritional Survey (NHANES) single-item self-reported sleep duration against wrist-worn accelerometer","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd13.150228","article-title":"Concurrent validity of a self-reported physical activity \u201cvital sign\u201d questionnaire with adult primary care patients","volume":"13","author":"Ball","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01533-z","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity in Brazil: a pooled cross-sectional analysis from 2013 to 2019","volume":"20","author":"Ferrari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027067","article-title":"Evaluating the impact and cost-effectiveness of statin use guidelines for primary prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke","volume":"136","author":"Heller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib54","author":"Ritchie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-019-0471-1","article-title":"Trends in energy and nutrient supply in Ethiopia: a perspective from FAO food balance sheets","volume":"18","author":"Sheehy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30374-2","article-title":"Burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990\u20132017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"7","author":"Gouda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13366","article-title":"The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra-processed foods is not inevitable","volume":"23","author":"Popkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1179\/030801878791925921","article-title":"Reflections on cardiovascular diseases","volume":"3","author":"Strasser","year":"1978","journal-title":"Interdisc Sci Rev"}],"container-title":["CJC Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589790X23003426?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589790X23003426?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T08:30:02Z","timestamp":1710837002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589790X23003426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589790X23003426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.07.26.23293185","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2589-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-790X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Profiles Across Population Surveys From 5 High- to Low-Income Countries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"CJC Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.11.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}