{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:12:41Z","timestamp":1789981961284,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","contactlensjournal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T12:43:30Z","timestamp":1508762610000},"page":"219-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A pilot study on corneal Langerhans cells in keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Preeji S.","family":"Mandathara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona J.","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Kokkinakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.P.","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0005","first-page":"639","article-title":"Novel characterization of MHC class II-negative population of resident corneal Langerhans cell-type dendritic cells","volume":"43","author":"Hamrah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1102544","article-title":"Corneal immunity is mediated by heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells","volume":"74","author":"Hamrah","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0054","article-title":"Distinct populations of dendritic cells in the normal human donor corneal epithelium","volume":"46","author":"Yamagami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00873.x","article-title":"Dendritic cell physiology and function in the eye","volume":"234","author":"Forrester","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-1075-8","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopic evaluation of Langerhans cell density and distribution in the normal human corneal epithelium","volume":"243","author":"Zhivov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31802e3b55","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopic evaluation of langerhans cell density and distribution in the corneal epithelium of healthy volunteers and contact lens wearers","volume":"26","author":"Zhivov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0035","first-page":"1456","article-title":"In vivo observation of Langerhans cells by laser confocal microscopy in Thygeson\u2019s superficial punctate keratitis","volume":"15","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3629","article-title":"Changes in corneal epithelial layer inflammatory cells in aqueous tear-deficient dry eye","volume":"51","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4598","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6741","article-title":"Characterization of Langerin-expressing dendritic cell subsets in the normal cornea","volume":"52","author":"Hattori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318200099d","article-title":"In vivo laser confocal microscopy findings of Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis","volume":"30","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.08.007","article-title":"Increased Langerhan cell density and corneal nerve damage in diabetic patients: role of immune mechanisms in human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"34","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S28083","article-title":"Dendritic immune cell densities in the central cornea associated with soft contact lens types and lens care solution types: a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Sindt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951081","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/951081","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea in the assessment of peripheral neuropathy and systemic diseases","volume":"2015","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2015.1133833","article-title":"Observation of corneal Langerhans cells by in vivo confocal microscopy in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.11.050","article-title":"Inflammatory molecules in the tears of patients with keratoconus","volume":"112","author":"Lema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02369.x","article-title":"Proteases, proteolysis and inflammatory molecules in the tears of people with keratoconus","volume":"90","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000455","article-title":"Inflammation and keratoconus","volume":"92","author":"McMonnies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optometry Vision Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200105000-00008","article-title":"Morphology of corneal nerves using confocal microscopy","volume":"20","author":"Oliveira-Soto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425912461677","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopic evaluation of corneal Langerhans cell density, and distribution and evaluation of dry eye in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Marsovszky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Innate immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00449-4","article-title":"Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines","volume":"106","author":"Mellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/42030","article-title":"Inflammatory stimuli induce accumulation of MHC class II complexes on dendritic cells","volume":"388","author":"Cella","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.767","article-title":"Immunobiology of dendritic cells","volume":"18","author":"Banchereau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00454-8","article-title":"The host-pathogen interaction: new themes from dendritic cell biology","volume":"106","author":"Rescigno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7179","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17433","article-title":"Corneal epithelial immune dendritic cell alterations in subtypes of dry eye disease: a pilot in vivo confocal microscopic study","volume":"56","author":"Kheirkhah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101408010051","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopic evaluation of corneal langerhans cells in dry eye patients","volume":"8","author":"Machetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-7048","article-title":"Inflammation and the nervous system: the connection in the cornea in patients with infectious keratitis","volume":"52","author":"Cruzat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.06.057","article-title":"Epithelial dendritic cell distribution in normal and inflamed human cornea: in vivo confocal microscopy study","volume":"142","author":"Mastropasqua","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12399","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in Langerhans cell density of the cornea and conjunctiva in contact lens-induced dry eye","volume":"100","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.144253","article-title":"Subclinical keratoconus and inflammatory molecules from tears","volume":"93","author":"Lema","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(82)90612-X","article-title":"Increased collagenase and gelatinase activities in keratoconus","volume":"107","author":"Kao","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0155","first-page":"279","article-title":"Bidirectional interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system","volume":"9","author":"Rabin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1983.tb01473.x","article-title":"Sensitivity and fragility in keratoconus","volume":"61","author":"Millodot","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1217","article-title":"Mapping the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus in keratoconus by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy","volume":"47","author":"Patel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001077","article-title":"Pilot study of corneal sensitivity and its association in keratoconus","volume":"36","author":"Mandathara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0175","first-page":"210","article-title":"Corneal sensitivity and topogometry in keratoconus","volume":"14","author":"Zabala","year":"1988","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2016.02.008","article-title":"Changes in corneal Langerhans cell density during the first few hours of contact lens wear","volume":"39","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000600","article-title":"Corneal confocal microscopy in dry eye treated with corticosteroids","volume":"92","author":"Villani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000099254","article-title":"Corneal antigen-presenting cells","volume":"92","author":"Hamrah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1011500","article-title":"Donor-derived, tolerogenic dendritic cells suppress immune rejection in the indirect allosensitization-dominant setting of corneal transplantation","volume":"91","author":"Hattori","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001005","article-title":"Novel insights into the immunoregulatory function and localization of dendritic cells","volume":"35","author":"Hattori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048416302223?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048416302223?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,26]],"date-time":"2018-08-26T11:58:13Z","timestamp":1535284693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048416302223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048416302223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A pilot study on corneal Langerhans cells in keratoconus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}