{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:55:45Z","timestamp":1780469745581,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johnson and Johnson Vision Care, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","contactlensjournal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T07:25:43Z","timestamp":1530170743000},"page":"482-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["UV damage of the anterior ocular surface \u2013 microstructural evidence by in vivo confocal microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Christina N.","family":"Grupcheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitar I.","family":"Grupchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2786-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mladena N.","family":"Radeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4721-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elitsa G.","family":"Hristova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0005","first-page":"6202","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation, aging and the skin: prevention of damage by topical cAMP manipulation","volume":"19","author":"Amaro-Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/860479","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in skin cancer prevention and treatment","author":"Godic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9757-1","article-title":"Skin aging modulates percutaneous drug absorption: the impact of ultraviolet irradiation and ovariectomy","volume":"37","author":"Hung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0020","first-page":"7370642","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation-induced skin aging: the role of DNA damage and oxidative stress in epidermal stem cell damage mediated skin aging","author":"Panich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0025","first-page":"802","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and the eye: an epidemiologic study","volume":"87","author":"Taylor","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01203675","article-title":"A review of the evidence that ultraviolet irradiation is a risk factor in cataractogenesis","volume":"88","author":"Hightower","year":"1994","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1336","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in the human lens: implications for cortical cataract formation","volume":"45","author":"Sachdev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8677","article-title":"The association between time spent outdoors and myopia using a novel biomarker of outdoor light exposure","volume":"53","author":"Sherwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6789","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12644","article-title":"UV-B-induced DNA damage and repair in the mouse lens","volume":"54","author":"Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301255","article-title":"Reliability and validity of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence measurement","volume":"96","author":"Sherwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12309","article-title":"The use of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) as a biomarker of time spent outdoors","volume":"36","author":"Kearney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01362.x","article-title":"Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula: the Blue mountains eye study","volume":"26","author":"Panchapakesan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3181f91f2f","article-title":"Severity and determinants of pinguecula in a hospital-based population","volume":"37","author":"Mimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000621","article-title":"Significance of fuchs flecks in patients with Pterygium\/ pinguecula: earliest indicator of ultraviolet light damage","volume":"34","author":"Ip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31821fbf29","article-title":"UV-B exposure to the eye depending on solar altitude","volume":"37","author":"Sasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0080","first-page":"87","article-title":"Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF(R)), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear","volume":"8","author":"Behar-Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000007","article-title":"Changes in ultraviolet transmittance of hydrogel and silicone-hydrogel contact lenses induced by wear","volume":"40","author":"Osuagwu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-322X.176890","article-title":"Do UV-blocking soft contact lenses meet ANSI Z80.20 criteria for UV transmittance?","volume":"10","author":"Rahmani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198407000-00009","article-title":"Ultraviolet-B damages corneal endothelium","volume":"61","author":"Cullen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198608000-00012","article-title":"Solar radiation and the eye: a review of knowledge relevant to eye care","volume":"63","author":"Wittenberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.09.006","article-title":"Ultraviolet fluorescence photography to detect early sun damage in the eyes of school-aged children","volume":"141","author":"Ooi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2014.07.004","article-title":"Conjunctival UV autofluorescence-prevalence and risk factors","volume":"37","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.5627","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in conjunctival UV autofluorescence","volume":"133","author":"Yazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.001","article-title":"Photosensitized rose Bengal-induced phototoxicity on human melanoma cell line under natural sunlight exposure","volume":"156","author":"Srivastav","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.163","article-title":"Pulsed vs continuous light accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking: in vivo qualitative investigation by confocal microscopy and corneal OCT","volume":"28","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4552","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14589","article-title":"Myopia is associated with lower vitamin D status in young adults","volume":"55","author":"Yazar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.033","article-title":"Myopia in young adults is inversely related to an objective marker of ocular sun exposure: the Western Australian Raine cohort study","volume":"158","author":"McKnight","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09449.x","article-title":"Comparison of UV-induced skin changes in Sun-exposed vs. Sun-protected skin- preliminary evaluation by reflectance confocal microscopy","volume":"161","author":"Ulrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12089","article-title":"Towards standardization of UV eye protection: what can be learned from photodermatology?","volume":"30","author":"Krutmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2012.02.023","article-title":"Ultraviolet light transmission through the human corneal stroma is reduced in the periphery","volume":"102","author":"Doutch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2812-2","article-title":"Aging and corneal layers: an in vivo corneal confocal microscopy study","volume":"253","author":"Gambato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.112656","article-title":"Age-related differences in the normal human cornea: a laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy study","volume":"91","author":"Niederer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.8.1095","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy","volume":"124","author":"Messmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.10.024","article-title":"Filtering blebs and aqueous pathway an immunocytological and in vivo confocal microscopy study","volume":"115","author":"Amar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12284","article-title":"UV-induced alterations of the skin evaluated over time by reflectance confocal microscopy","volume":"28","author":"Koller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1987.tb08504.x","article-title":"Ultrastructural analysis of corneal exposure to UV radiation","volume":"65","author":"Pitts","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0380","article-title":"Prevention of the adverse photic effects of peripheral light-focusing using UV-blocking contact lenses","volume":"44","author":"Kwok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318223394e","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and the anterior eye","volume":"37","author":"Coroneo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.158073","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy of meibomian glands and palpebral conjunctiva in vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"63","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048417303119?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048417303119?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T04:16:54Z","timestamp":1542341814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048417303119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048417303119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"UV damage of the anterior ocular surface \u2013 microstructural evidence by in vivo confocal microscopy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2018.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}