{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:56:11Z","timestamp":1783482971410,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001537","name":"University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006346","name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011162","name":"New Zealand Association for Research in Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","contactlensjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]],"date-time":"2019-09-29T23:15:47Z","timestamp":1569798947000},"page":"173-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Therapeutic profile of a latent heat eyelid warming device with temperature setting variation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Michael T.M.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"McPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Robert","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer P.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report","volume":"15","author":"Bron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997a","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: executive summary","volume":"52","author":"Nichols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00203-3","article-title":"The lipid layer of tears: dependent on meibomian gland function","volume":"78","author":"McCulley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5359-5_50","article-title":"Meibomian gland lipids, evaporation, and tear film stability","volume":"438","author":"Mathers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100100054027","article-title":"Ocular surface changes and discomfort in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"113","author":"Shimazaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.04.009","article-title":"The correlation between the tear film lipid layer and dry eye disease","volume":"52","author":"Foulks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199701000-00014","article-title":"Importance of the lipid layer in human tear film stability and evaporation","volume":"74","author":"Craig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0170","article-title":"Tear evaporation dynamics in normal subjects and subjects with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"44","author":"Goto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II management and therapy report","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997g","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on management and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"52","author":"Geerling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000060998.20142.8D","article-title":"Increase in tear film lipid layer thickness following treatment with warm compresses in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Olson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1035","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31825c3479","article-title":"A comparison of an eyelid-warming device to traditional compress therapy","volume":"89","author":"Pult","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2013.02.009","article-title":"Evaluation of the ocular tolerance of a novel eyelid-warming device used for meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Purslow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0070","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of an eyelid warming device for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Benitez Del Castillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2014.06.004","article-title":"Evaluation of an eyelid warming device (Blephasteam) for the management of ocular surface diseases in France: the ESPOIR study","volume":"37","author":"Doan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-014-0025-8","article-title":"Controlled treatment trial of eyelid-warming therapies in meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"3","author":"Sim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9947-3","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel eyelid-warming device in meibomian gland dysfunction unresponsive to traditional warm compress treatment: an in vivo confocal study","volume":"35","author":"Villani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19088","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in tear evaporation rates after eyelid warming therapies in meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"57","author":"Yeo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(07)89605-7","article-title":"Tear lipid layer thickness and ocular comfort with a novel device in dry eye patients with and without Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Spiteri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701611","article-title":"Tear film lipid layer thickness and ocular comfort after meibomian therapy via latent heat with a novel device in normal subjects","volume":"19","author":"Mitra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000601","article-title":"Comparison of self-applied heat therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.1895","article-title":"Decreased surface temperature of tarsal conjunctiva in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"131","author":"Arita","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.06.002","article-title":"Temperature profiles of patient-applied eyelid warming therapies","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5359-5_121","article-title":"Use of the Tearscope Plus and attachments in the routine examination of the marginal dry eye contact lens patient","volume":"438","author":"Guillon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.03.002","article-title":"Exploring the predisposition of the asian eye to development of dry eye","volume":"14","author":"Craig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II diagnostic methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.01.004","article-title":"Minimising instilled volume reduces the impact of fluorescein on clinical measurements of tear film stability","volume":"40","author":"Mooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6489","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of clinical methods of tear film stability assessment: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1995.9500071k.x","article-title":"Tear lipid layer structure and stability following expression of the meibomian glands","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70150-7","article-title":"The contribution of meibomian disease to dry eye","volume":"2","author":"Bron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.509529","article-title":"A novel thermodynamic treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Friedland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1990.tb00968.x","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction: some clinical, biochemical and physical observations","volume":"10","author":"Ong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318181adef","article-title":"Inner eyelid surface temperature as a function of warm compress methodology","volume":"85","author":"Blackie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0170","first-page":"695","article-title":"Studies of thermal injury: II. The relative importance of time and surface temperature in the causation of cutaneous burns","volume":"23","author":"Moritz","year":"1947","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.01.015","article-title":"The relative thermal stability of tissue macromolecules and cellular structure in burn injury","volume":"31","author":"Despa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1984.tb08449.x","article-title":"Infrared radiation and cataract. I. Epidemiologic investigation of iron- and steel-workers","volume":"62","author":"Lydahl","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048419301195?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048419301195?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T01:15:48Z","timestamp":1761268548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048419301195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048419301195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic profile of a latent heat eyelid warming device with temperature setting variation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2019.09.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}