{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T23:56:53Z","timestamp":1771545413271,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","contactlensjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T05:55:25Z","timestamp":1589522125000},"page":"101332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Optimal methodology for lid wiper epitheliopathy identification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Chris W.","family":"Lievens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Norgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vianya-Estopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000140910.03095.FA","article-title":"Lid wiper epitheliopathy and dry eye symptoms","volume":"31","author":"Korb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000315024","article-title":"The lid margin is an underestimated structure for preservation of ocular surface health and development of dry eye disease","volume":"45","author":"Knop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.005","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II introduction","volume":"15","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181ba0cb2","article-title":"Prevalence of lid wiper epitheliopathy in subjects with dry eye signs and symptoms","volume":"29","author":"Korb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0025","first-page":"211","article-title":"Lid-wiper epitheliopathy and dry-eye symptoms in contact lens wearers","volume":"28","author":"Korb","year":"2002","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.004","article-title":"Lid wiper epitheliopathy","volume":"53","author":"Efron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2014.07.002","article-title":"An examination of the relationship between ocular surface tear osmolarity compartments and epitheliopathy","volume":"13","author":"McMonnies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000230","article-title":"Characterization of Upper Eyelid Tarsus and lid wiper dimensions","volume":"42","author":"Navascues-Cornago","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.09.008","article-title":"Comparison of subjective grading of lid wiper epitheliopathy with a semi-objective method","volume":"41","author":"Kunnen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0050","volume":"35","author":"Kunnen","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199403410-00007","article-title":"Evaluation of the ocular surface in dry-eye conditions","volume":"34","author":"Tseng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2013.07.008","article-title":"Rose bengal staining as an assessment of ocular surface damage and recovery in dry eye disease\u2014a review","volume":"36","author":"Doughty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.01.004","article-title":"Review and analysis of grading scales for ocular surface staining","volume":"17","author":"Begley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31811ead93","article-title":"An evaluation of the efficacy of fluorescein, rose bengal, lissamine green, and a new dye mixture for ocular surface staining","volume":"34","author":"Korb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E924","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181888909","article-title":"Clinical tests for successful contact lens wear: relationship and predictive potential","volume":"85","author":"Pult","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.228","article-title":"The relationship between clinical signs and dry eye symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Pult","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0085","first-page":"88","article-title":"Optimization of assessment and grading for lid wiper epitheliopathy","author":"Varikooty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2013.02.013","article-title":"Predicting success with silicone-hydrogel contact lenses in new wearers","volume":"36","author":"Best","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000040","article-title":"Prevalence of upper- and lower-lid-wiper epitheliopathy in contact lens wearers and non-wearers","volume":"40","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000138","article-title":"A comparative study between an oil-in-water emulsion and nonlipid eye drops used for rewetting contact lenses","volume":"41","author":"Guthrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02482.x","article-title":"Assessing the human lid margin epithelium using impression cytology","volume":"90","author":"Jalbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000448","article-title":"Lid margin sensitivity and staining in contact Lens Wear versus No Lens Wear","volume":"34","author":"Navascues-Cornago","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e334","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000670","article-title":"Clinical outcomes associated with thermal pulsation system treatment","volume":"92","author":"Satjawatcharaphong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.05.004","article-title":"Variations in observable lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) staining patterns in wearers of silicone hydrogel lenses","volume":"38","author":"Varikooty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2007.07.001","article-title":"Atypical manifestation of upper lid margin staining in silicone hydrogel lens wearers with symptoms of dry eye","volume":"31","author":"Varikooty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.10.001","article-title":"Clinical staining of the ocular surface: mechanisms and interpretations","volume":"44","author":"Bron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II diagnostic methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.184","article-title":"Optimizing evaluation of Lissamine Green parameters for ocular surface staining","volume":"25","author":"Hamrah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0145","series-title":"Proc. 2nd int. symp. inf. theory","first-page":"199","article-title":"Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle","author":"Akaike","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","article-title":"Estimating the dimension of a model","volume":"6","author":"Schwarz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.03.001","article-title":"Anterior eye health recording","volume":"38","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23639","article-title":"The relationship of lid wiper epitheliopathy to ocular surface signs and symptoms","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001012","article-title":"Temporal characteristics of sodium fluorescein in the tear Meniscus","volume":"94","author":"Markoulli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.12.001","article-title":"Cytomorphological assessment of the lid margin in relation to symptoms, contact lens wear and lid wiper epitheliopathy","volume":"18","author":"Muntz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.11.002","article-title":"Comparative performance of lissamine green stains","volume":"41","author":"Delaveris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70004-6","article-title":"Challenges and pitfalls in clinical trials of treatments for dry eye","volume":"1","author":"Foulks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.10.004","article-title":"The eyelids and tear film in contact lens discomfort","volume":"41","author":"Siddireddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000040","article-title":"Prevalence of upper- and lower-lid-wiper epitheliopathy in contact lens wearers and non-wearers","volume":"40","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.09.003","article-title":"Lid wiper epitheliopathy: the influence of multiple lid eversions and exposure time","volume":"42","author":"Shaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048420300990?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048420300990?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T01:17:31Z","timestamp":1761268651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048420300990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048420300990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimal methodology for lid wiper epitheliopathy identification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101332"}}