{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T22:01:30Z","timestamp":1766181690649,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","contactlensjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T02:49:58Z","timestamp":1626922198000},"page":"101484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Repeatability and reproducibility of manual choroidal thickness measurement using Lenstar images in children before and after orthokeratology treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Biyue","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason K.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sin Wan","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00233-C","article-title":"Choroidal and scleral mechanisms of compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks","volume":"35","author":"Wildsoet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0010","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Choroidal thickness changes during altered eye growth and refractive state in a primate","volume":"41","author":"Troilo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0895-761","article-title":"Spectacle lenses alter eye growth and the refractive status of young monkeys","volume":"1","author":"Hung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4969","article-title":"Effects of optical defocus on refractive development in monkeys: evidence for local, regionally selective mechanisms","volume":"51","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181c95a24","article-title":"Hereditary and environmental contributions to emmetropization and myopia","volume":"87","author":"Mutti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198709000-00003","article-title":"Reduction in axial length with age: an emmetropizing mechanism for the adult eye?","volume":"64","author":"Grosvenor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000038","article-title":"Effects of local myopic defocus on refractive development in monkeys","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12450","article-title":"The interaction between homatropine and optical blur on choroidal thickness","volume":"38","author":"Sander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.08.002","article-title":"Monocular myopic defocus and daily changes in axial length and choroidal thickness of human eyes","volume":"103","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000035","article-title":"Hyperopic defocus and diurnal changes in human choroid and axial length","volume":"90","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12353","article-title":"Associations between choroidal thickness, axial length and spherical equivalent in a paediatric population","volume":"99","author":"Bulut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7578","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12772","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in myopic and nonmyopic children assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Read","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180462","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in macular retinal layer thickness in pediatric populations: myopic vs non-myopic eyes","volume":"12","author":"Read","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16446","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness and eye growth in childhood","volume":"56","author":"Read","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307724","article-title":"Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention","volume":"100","author":"Rudnicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.03.006","article-title":"Myopia among schoolchildren in East Asia and Singapore","volume":"62","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10565","article-title":"Retardation of myopia in orthokeratology (ROMIO) study: a 2-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2067","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effect of soft contact lenses on myopia progression in children","volume":"49","author":"Walline","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031","article-title":"Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2)","volume":"119","author":"Chia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6510","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12527","article-title":"Myopia control using toric orthokeratology (TO-SEE study)","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5060","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8005","article-title":"Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain: refractive and biometric changes","volume":"53","author":"Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-19810501-16","article-title":"The accuracy of ultrasonic measurement of the axial length of the eye","volume":"12","author":"Binkhorst","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1989.tb00743.x","article-title":"The accuracy of ultrasonic determination of axial length in pseudophakic eyes","volume":"67","author":"Olsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2003.00617.x","article-title":"Comparison of the Zeiss IOLMaster and applanation A-scan ultrasound: biometry for intraocular lens calculation","volume":"31","author":"Rose","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkana Y, Gerber Y, Elbaz U, Schwartz S, Ken-Dror G, Avni I et al. Central corneal thickness measurement with the Pentacam Scheimpflug system, optical low-coherence reflectometry pachymeter, and ultrasound pachymetry. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005;31:1729\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.03.058"},{"issue":"5035","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194273","article-title":"Comparison of axial length, anterior chamber depth and intraocular lens power between IOLMaster and ultrasound in normal, long and short eyes","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303904","article-title":"Direct comparison of spectral-domain and swept-source OCT in the measurement of choroidal thickness in normal eyes","volume":"98","author":"Copete","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.09.010","article-title":"Choroidal thickness and axial length changes in myopic children treated with orthokeratology","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000894","article-title":"Effects of orthokeratology on choroidal thickness and axial length","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000573","article-title":"Choroidal thickness and peripheral myopic defocus during orthokeratology","volume":"92","author":"Gardner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.4.9","article-title":"Weekly changes in axial length and choroidal thickness in children during and following orthokeratology treatment with different compression factors","volume":"8","author":"Lau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0170","first-page":"484","article-title":"Standardization of choroidal thickness measurements using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"8","author":"Boonarpha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11085","article-title":"Repeatability and reproducibility of choroidal vessel layer measurements in diabetic retinopathy using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Sim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.03.052","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography retinal and choroidal thickness metric repeatability in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"166","author":"Hanumunthadu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6024","article-title":"Repeatability of manual subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements in healthy subjects using the technique of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"52","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.002795","article-title":"Automatic segmentation of choroidal thickness in optical coherence tomography","volume":"4","author":"Alonso-Caneiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000985","article-title":"Validation of macular choroidal thickness measurements from automated SD-OCT image segmentation","volume":"93","author":"Twa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000237","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000237","article-title":"Repeatability of choroidal thickness measurements with Spectralis OCT images","volume":"4","author":"Lau","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.156554","article-title":"A new optical low coherence reflectometry device for ocular biometry in cataract patients","volume":"93","author":"Buckhurst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.161729","article-title":"Evaluation of the Lenstar LS 900 non-contact biometer","volume":"94","author":"Cruysberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.152736","article-title":"Accuracy of a new partial coherence interferometry analyser for biometric measurements","volume":"93","author":"Holzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6262","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5457","article-title":"Human optical axial length and defocus","volume":"51","author":"Read","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182186a36","article-title":"Validation of optical low coherence reflectometry retinal and choroidal biometry","volume":"88","author":"Read","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.09.009","article-title":"Axial length and choroidal thickness changes accompanying prolonged accommodation in myopes and emmetropes","volume":"72","author":"Woodman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.10.134","article-title":"Refractive and corneal responses of young myopic children to short-term orthokeratology treatment with different compression factors","volume":"43","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistics notes: measurement error. Br Med J 1996;313:744.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7059.744"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3390\/stats3030022","article-title":"Nonparametric limits of agreement for small to moderate sample sizes: a simulation study","volume":"3","author":"Frey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stats"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11732","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in childhood","volume":"54","author":"Read","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e454","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13866","article-title":"Change in subfoveal choroidal thickness secondary to orthokeratology and its cessation: a predictor for the change in axial length","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048421001120?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048421001120?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T01:19:46Z","timestamp":1761268786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048421001120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048421001120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1367-0484"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Repeatability and reproducibility of manual choroidal thickness measurement using Lenstar images in children before and after orthokeratology treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101484","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101484"}}