{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:26:32Z","timestamp":1792441592557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":347,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY022879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY022879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-EY01583-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-EY01583-26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21EY031338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21EY031338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY026972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY026972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY022881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY022881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","contactlensjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T21:54:53Z","timestamp":1730325293000},"page":"102322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The repeatability of tests for dry eye signs and symptoms in the dry eye assessment and management (DREAM) study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Augello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Asbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Shuang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0005","series-title":"Dry Eye Disease","author":"Dry Eye Disease","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200404000-00010","article-title":"The Repeatability of Clinical Measurements of Dry Eye","volume":"23","author":"Nichols","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1878815","article-title":"Inter-week variation of meibometry and tear break-up time in healthy subjects","volume":"104","author":"Garcia-Queiruga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0020","first-page":"879","article-title":"Reliability of the Tear Break-Up Time Technique of Assessing Tear Stability and the Locations of the Tear Break-Up in Hong Kong Chinese","volume":"69","author":"Cho","year":"1992","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450030087010","article-title":"Interpretation of Tear Film Breakup","volume":"95","author":"Vanley","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1998.00385.x","article-title":"Tear break-up time: clinical procedures and their effects","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-9235.1991.tb02751.x","article-title":"Corneal Staining after Sequential Instillations of Fluorescein Over 30 Days","volume":"68","author":"Caffery","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0040","unstructured":"Cho P, Yap M. Schirmer Test. II. A Clinical Study of Its Repeatability.Optometry and Vision Science. 1993;70(2):157. Accessed May 22, 2024. https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/optvissci\/abstract\/1993\/02000\/schirmer_test__ii__a_clinical_study_of_its.12.aspx?casa_token=PiPQ9O25-v0AAAAA:iKrqfS9EFtaMTn4Pzg14lmojh1bhI9h18iM-w6yf9NlgF7P51cGVGQ1JH9rRkTUmwGEEswMR9hYJ0xsfRNQJwq9R."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180950083","article-title":"A Simple Approach to the Repeatability of the Schirmer Test Without Anesthesia","volume":"26","author":"Serin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709691","volume":"378","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2018.06.002","article-title":"Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM\u00a9) Study: Study design and baseline characteristics","volume":"71","author":"Asbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2007.00593.x","article-title":"Bootstrapping clustered data","volume":"69","author":"Field","year":"2007","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.356","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference for the ocular surface disease index","volume":"128","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0070","unstructured":"Zhong A, Augello P, Asbell P, Ying GS; Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study Research Group. Inter-eye Agreement in Dry Eye Signs in the DREAM Study -- Implications for Future Dry Eye Trials. Cornea (in press)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0085","series-title":"Quality of Life: Assessment, Analysis, and Interpretation","author":"Fayers","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index","volume":"118","author":"Schiffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.08.008","article-title":"The development and evaluation of the new Ocular Surface Disease Index-6","volume":"17","author":"Pult","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103137","article-title":"Changes caused by fluorescein in tear film by hybrid break-up time test- part one; on quantitative values","volume":"40","author":"Acet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000418","article-title":"Automatic noninvasive tear breakup time (TBUT) and conventional fluorescent TBUT","volume":"91","author":"Lan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optom vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182714425","article-title":"Assessment of tear film stability in dry eye with a newly developed keratograph","volume":"32","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.01.004","article-title":"Minimising instilled volume reduces the impact of fluorescein on clinical measurements of tear film stability","volume":"40","author":"Mooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01802-4","article-title":"Repeatability of Non-invasive Keratograph Break-Up Time measurements obtained using Oculus Keratograph 5M","volume":"41","author":"Garc\u00eda-Marqu\u00e9s","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182714425","article-title":"Assessment of tear film stability in dry eye with a newly developed keratograph","volume":"32","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.08.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Report Executive Summary","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040020385009","article-title":"Schirmer's test","volume":"101","author":"Clinch","year":"1983","journal-title":"A Closer Look Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020010536004","article-title":"Schirmer test after topical anesthesia and the tear meniscus height in normal eyes","volume":"97","author":"Lamberts","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0145","first-page":"478","article-title":"Comparison of the Schirmer I test with and without topical anesthesia for diagnosing dry eye","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997a","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: executive summary","volume":"52","author":"Nichols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arita R. Meibography: A Japanese Perspective. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Nov 1;59(14):DES48-DES55. doi: 10.1167\/iovs.17-23631.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23631"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000336","article-title":"The Relationship Between Morphology and Function of the Meibomian Glands","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0165","first-page":"221","article-title":"Report of the National Eye Institute\/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. The CLAO journal: official publication of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists","volume":"21","author":"Lemp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Inc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70082-4","article-title":"Report of the Epidemiology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007)","volume":"5","author":"The Epidemiology of Dry Eye Disease","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13233533","article-title":"An Automated Grading System Based on Topological Features for the Evaluation of Corneal Fluorescein Staining in Dry Eye Disease","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0180","first-page":"2605","article-title":"Automated vs. human evaluation of corneal staining","volume":"260","author":"Kourukmas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-611","article-title":"An automated and multiparametric algorithm for objective analysis of meibography images","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0190","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of morphological and functional features in Meibography for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Grading","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87314-8","article-title":"Deep learning-based automatic meibomian gland segmentation and morphology assessment in infrared meibography","volume":"11","author":"Setu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048424002157?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048424002157?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:17:38Z","timestamp":1778804258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048424002157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048424002157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The repeatability of tests for dry eye signs and symptoms in the dry eye assessment and management (DREAM) study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102322","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102322"}}