{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T04:13:20Z","timestamp":1749615200222,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR004596-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR004596-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","contactlensjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T12:22:45Z","timestamp":1742041365000},"page":"102405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and utility of clinical examination in predicting meibomian gland atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Sanjana","family":"Suraneni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshman","family":"Mulpuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schultze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Tonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.4394","article-title":"Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"McCann","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-013-0009-1","article-title":"Dry Eye Disease: Impact on Quality of Life and Vision","volume":"1","author":"Uchino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Ophthalmol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997e","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on the epidemiology of, and associated risk factors for, MGD","volume":"52","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318225415a","article-title":"Distribution of aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic-based patient cohort: a retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"Lemp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000003234","article-title":"Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Atrophy in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery","volume":"42","author":"Yeu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knop E, Knop N. [Meibomian glands : part IV. Functional interactions in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)]. Ophthalmologe. Nov 2009;106(11):980-7. Meibom-Drusen : Teil IV: Funktionelle Interaktionen in der Pathogenese der Dysfunktion (MGD). doi:10.1007\/s00347-009-2044-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-009-2044-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997c","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland","volume":"52","author":"Knop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001476","article-title":"Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Atrophy in a Pediatric Population","volume":"37","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18467","article-title":"Functional and Morphologic Changes of Meibomian Glands in an Asymptomatic Adult Population","volume":"57","author":"Yeotikar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.06.031","article-title":"Noncontact infrared meibography to document age-related changes of the meibomian glands in a normal population","volume":"115","author":"Arita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000227889.11500.6f","article-title":"Association between meibomian gland changes and aging, sex, or tear function","volume":"25","author":"Den","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997f","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the diagnosis subcommittee","volume":"52","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.971929","article-title":"Evaluation of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Local Distribution of Meibomian Gland Atrophy by Non-contact Infrared Meibography","volume":"40","author":"Finis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jester JV, Parfitt GJ, Brown DJ. Meibomian gland dysfunction: hyperkeratinization or atrophy? BMC Ophthalmol. Dec 17 2015;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):156. doi:10.1186\/s12886-015-0132-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0132-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.09.004","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effect across varying severities of meibomian gland dropout","volume":"41","author":"Turnbull","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05363-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a vectored thermal pulsation system (Lipiflow(R)) in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"260","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305220","article-title":"Randomised masked clinical trial of the MGDRx EyeBag for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction-related evaporative dry eye","volume":"98","author":"Bilkhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000273","article-title":"Six-month effects of a thermodynamic treatment for MGD and implications of meibomian gland atrophy","volume":"33","author":"Finis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S332565","article-title":"Comparing SPEED and OSDI Questionnaires in a Non-Clinical Sample","volume":"15","author":"Hashmani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.012","article-title":"Contact lens wear is associated with decrease of meibomian glands","volume":"116","author":"Arita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218886","article-title":"Meibomian gland dropout rate as a method to assess meibomian gland morphologic changes during use of preservative-containing or preservative-free topical prostaglandin analogues","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00551-6","article-title":"Mucosal immunology of the ocular surface","volume":"15","author":"de Paiva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Diagnostic Methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008","article-title":"Grading of corneal and conjunctival staining in the context of other dry eye tests","volume":"22","author":"Bron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70139-8","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction: a clinical scheme for description, diagnosis, classification, and grading","volume":"1","author":"Foulks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048425000396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048425000396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T19:58:07Z","timestamp":1749585487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048425000396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048425000396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1367-0484"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy and utility of clinical examination in predicting meibomian gland atrophy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102405","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102405"}}