{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T04:14:00Z","timestamp":1773461640345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010270","name":"Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-1-1081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1-1081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016126","name":"Beijing Hospital Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","contactlensjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T09:59:45Z","timestamp":1769421585000},"page":"102621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tear meniscus height in the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort study (ADEC)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yiran","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II diagnostic methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0015","first-page":"374","article-title":"Physical chemistry of the normal and disordered tear film","volume":"104","author":"Holly","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K (1962)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0020","article-title":"Categorization of the aqueous deficient dry eye by a cut-off criterion of TMH measured with Tearscope","volume":"12","author":"Sabucedo-Villamarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689609008906","article-title":"Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye","volume":"15","author":"Mainstone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2704","article-title":"Upper and lower tear menisci in the diagnosis of dry eye","volume":"50","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.07.002","article-title":"Evaluation of strip meniscometry, tear meniscus height and depth in the diagnosis of dry eye disease in asian Indian eyes","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.13.7","article-title":"A fully Automatic Estimation of Tear Meniscus Height using Artificial Intelligence","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24850","article-title":"Automated measurement of tear meniscus height with the kowa DR-1alpha tear interferometer in both healthy subjects and dry eye patients","volume":"60","author":"Arita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2021.06.07","article-title":"Reliability of chinese web-based ocular surface disease index questionnaire in dry eye patients: a randomized, crossover study","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.12.006","article-title":"Meibomian Gland morphology is a sensitive early indicator of meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"200","author":"Adil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.025","article-title":"Development of definitive and reliable grading scales for meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"169","author":"Arita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.05.003","article-title":"Ocular redness - I: Etiology, pathogenesis, and assessment of conjunctival hyperemia","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0070","first-page":"221","article-title":"Report of the national eye institute\/industry workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes","volume":"21","author":"Lemp","year":"1995","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3","article-title":"A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis","volume":"49","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980730)17:14<1623::AID-SIM871>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"A simple method of sample size calculation for linear and logistic regression","volume":"17","author":"Hsieh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.020503","article-title":"Variations of dry eye disease prevalence by age, sex and geographic characteristics in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/748654","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye symptom in mainland china: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2014","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1159\/000525696","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of dry eye disease in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703101","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study","volume":"23","author":"Jie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.103","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye disease among US men: estimates from the Physicians' Health Studies","volume":"127","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.021","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors associated with dry eye: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010\u20132011","volume":"158","author":"Ahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-13-31","article-title":"Spatial epidemiology of dry eye disease: findings from South Korea","volume":"13","author":"Um","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318181a947","article-title":"Long-term incidence of dry eye in an older population","volume":"85","author":"Moss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.03.030","article-title":"Systemic conditions associated with severity of dry eye signs and symptoms in the dry eye assessment and management study","volume":"128","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.4394","article-title":"Prevalence and Incidence of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction in the united states: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"McCann","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2018.01.001","article-title":"Sex differences in clinical characteristics of dry eye disease","volume":"16","author":"Vehof","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2017.1351999","article-title":"Factors that influence tear meniscus area and conjunctivochalasis: the Singapore Indian eye study","volume":"25","author":"Poh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12147","article-title":"Sex hormones and the dry eye","volume":"97","author":"Truong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.17.2114","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and dry eye syndrome","volume":"286","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ20-0178","article-title":"The applications of androgen in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review of clinical studies","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-023-01207-1","article-title":"Impacts of air pollution and meteorological conditions on dry eye disease among residents in a northeastern chinese metropolis: a six-year crossover study in a cold region","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Light Sci Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.11.109","article-title":"Impacts of air pollution on dry eye disease among residents in Hangzhou, China: a case-crossover study","volume":"246","author":"Mo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212107","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms of particulate matter-mediated ocular disorders: a review","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2018.03.001","article-title":"Effects of environment pollution on the ocular surface","volume":"16","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.06.022","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye disease among Japanese visual display terminal users","volume":"115","author":"Uchino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.040","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye disease and its risk factors in visual display terminal users: the Osaka study","volume":"156","author":"Uchino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306640","article-title":"Advanced dry eye screening for visual display terminal workers using functional visual acuity measurement: the Moriguchi study","volume":"99","author":"Kaido","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.007","article-title":"Dry eye induced by exposure to cigarette smoke pollution: an in vivo and in vitro study","volume":"153","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.05.005","article-title":"The relationship between alcohol consumption and dry eye","volume":"21","author":"Magno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0205","article-title":"Potential new target for dry eye disease-oxidative stress","volume":"13","author":"Bu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040952","article-title":"The role of nutrition and nutritional supplements in ocular surface diseases","volume":"12","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061231","article-title":"Searching for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential of natural food and nutritional supplements for ocular health in the mediterranean population","volume":"10","author":"Valero-Vello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.08.032","article-title":"Tear cytokine profiles in dysfunctional tear syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Lam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.04.016","article-title":"Association of dyslipidemia in moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"150","author":"Dao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"DES138","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23765","article-title":"Systemic health and dry eye","volume":"59","author":"Kawashima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"DES109","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23538","article-title":"Dry eye after LASIK","volume":"59","author":"Toda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.09.001","article-title":"The role of corneal innervation in LASIK-induced neuropathic dry eye","volume":"12","author":"Chao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048426000172?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048426000172?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:37:08Z","timestamp":1773459428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048426000172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048426000172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tear meniscus height in the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort study (ADEC)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102621","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102621"}}