{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:15:41Z","timestamp":1788246941909,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007144","name":"University of Houston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","contactlensjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T19:29:20Z","timestamp":1773343760000},"page":"102635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Usability of different tear fluid collection methods to analyze ocular surface protein, lipid, and cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2277-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justina Raouf","family":"Assaad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradipta","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria K.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.014","article-title":"Antimicrobial compounds in tears","volume":"117","author":"McDermott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108115","article-title":"Biological functions of tear film","volume":"197","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02775-3","article-title":"Significantly different results in the ocular surface microbiome detected by tear paper and conjunctival swab","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0020","article-title":"Investigation of the rhythmic recruitment of tear neutrophils to the ocular surface and their phenotypes","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1500611","article-title":"Leukocyte distribution in the Open Eye Tears of Normal and Dry Eye Subjects","volume":"43","author":"Postnikoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99805-9","article-title":"Keratoconus patients exhibit a distinct ocular surface immune cell and inflammatory profile","volume":"11","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0035","first-page":"626","article-title":"Diurnal tear cycle: evidence for a nocturnal inflammatory constitutive tear fluid","volume":"33","author":"Sack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.08.011","article-title":"The Ocular Surface Enhanced closed eye neutrophil degranulation in dry eye disease","volume":"18","author":"Postnikoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Setten G-B, Tervo T, Viinikka L, Perheentupa J, Tarkkanen & A. Epidermal growth factor in human tear fluid: A minireview. Int Ophthalmol. 1991;15(6):359-362. doi:10.1007\/BF00137945.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00137945"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.08.016","article-title":"Diet, nutraceuticals and the tear film","volume":"117","author":"Jalbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00394.x","article-title":"The role of eye-associated lymphoid tissue in corneal immune protection","volume":"206","author":"Knop","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2981_22","article-title":"Tear biomarkers in dry eye disease: Progress in the last decade","volume":"71","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0065","first-page":"7595","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tear Luminex Analysis in Dry Eye Patients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02369.x","article-title":"Proteases, proteolysis and inflammatory molecules in the tears of people with keratoconus","volume":"90","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2022.2046794","article-title":"Tear Film Immunological Profile in patients with Ocular Graft versus Host Disease","volume":"31","author":"Serapicos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.019","article-title":"Allergy and allergic mediators in tears","volume":"117","author":"Leonardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.06.049","article-title":"Neutrophil collagenase, gelatinase, and myeloperoxidase in tears of patients with stevens-johnson syndrome and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid","volume":"121","author":"Arafat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar NR, Praveen M, Narasimhan R, Khamar P, Souza SD. Review Article - Basic Sciences and Applied Research Tear biomarkers in dry eye disease\u00a0: Progress in the last decade Tear \u2013 Soluble Factors in DED 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO.","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2981_22"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_56_19","article-title":"Role of tear film biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease","volume":"9","author":"Fong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of Keratoconus Disease with Tear Cytokine and Chemokine Levels before and after Corneal Cross-linking Treatment Evaluation of Keratoconus Disease with Tear Cytokine and Chemokine Levels before and after Corneal Cross-linking Treatment","volume":"00","author":"Eser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay with signs and symptoms of dry eye disease: a cross-sectional study using qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative strategies","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14831","article-title":"Elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inflammatory cytokines in keratoconus patients is inhibited by cyclosporine a","volume":"56","author":"Shetty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121998922","article-title":"Tear fluid collection methods: Review of current techniques","volume":"31","author":"Pieczy\u0144ski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Cisternas J, MTOph L, Castillo-D\u00edaz J, Traipe-Castro L, Oph S, L\u00f3pez-Sol\u00eds RO. A Protein Dye-Binding Assay on Cellulose Membranes for Tear Protein Quantification Use of Conventional Schirmer Strips. Cornea. 2007;26(8):970-976. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318093de64.","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318093de64"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serin D, Xafak Karsl\u0131og \u0306lu S, K\u0131yan A, Alag\u00f6z G. A Simple Approach to the Repeatability of the Schirmer Test Without Anesthesia Eyes Open or Closed? Cornea. 2007;26(8):903-906. doi:10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180950083.","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180950083"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22449","article-title":"Neutrophil and T-cell homeostasis in the closed eye","volume":"58","author":"Postnikoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4582","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15750","article-title":"The noninflammatory phenotype of neutrophils from the closed-eye environment: a flow cytometry analysis of receptor expression","volume":"56","author":"Gorbet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0140","first-page":"529","article-title":"Concentrations of MUC16 and MUC5AC using three tear collection methods","volume":"23","author":"Ablamowicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0145","article-title":"Comparison of Capillary and Schirmer Strip Tear Fluid Sampling Methods using SWATH-MS Proteomics Approach 2020;i:1\u201314. Transl Vis","volume":"9(3):16","author":"N\u00e4ttinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.c173","article-title":"Tear Samples for Protein Extraction: Comparative Analysis of Schirmer\u2019s Test Strip and Microcapillary Tube Methods","author":"Tham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0155","article-title":"Tear Fluid Biomarkers: a Comparison of Tear Fluid Retrieval and Storage Methods","volume":"56(7):2485","author":"Hagan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11431","article-title":"Comparison of low-abundance biomarker levels in capillary-collected nonstimulated tears and washout tears of aqueous-deficient and normal patients","volume":"54","author":"Guyette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2010.02082.x","article-title":"A comparison of basal and eye-flush tears for the analysis of cat tear proteins","volume":"89","author":"Petznick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0170","article-title":"Trypan Blue Exclusion Test of Cell Viability","volume":"111","author":"Strober","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0175","unstructured":"Beckman Coulter. Technology and Case Studies: DxH 500 Series Hematology Analyzer. Beckman Coulter. Accessed September 16, 2025. https:\/\/media.beckmancoulter.com\/-\/media\/diagnostics\/products\/hematology\/dxh-500\/docs\/pdfs\/dxh-500-series-casebook.pdf?rev=fab3e4b283ef4b91b6e46793ee9b0685."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21866","article-title":"Automated Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Counts using the New Body Fluid Mode of Sysmex UF-1000i","volume":"30","author":"Buoro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0185","first-page":"440","article-title":"Quantitative Determination of Neutrophil VCS Parameters by the Coulter Automated Hematology Analyzer New and Reliable Indicators for Acute Bacterial","author":"Chaves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0190","series-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/discim\/kyae014","article-title":"Unravelling monocyte functions: from the guardians of health to the regulators of disease","author":"Mildner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discovery Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Diagnostic Methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocular Surface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2012.10.001","article-title":"Annals of Anatomy Schirmer strip vs . capillary tube method\u00a0: Non-invasive methods of obtaining proteins from tear flui","volume":"195","author":"Posa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061383","article-title":"Neutrophil cell shape change: Mechanism and signalling during cell spreading and phagocytosis","volume":"20","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin Y, Dixon B, Jones L, Gorbet M. The Differential Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Tear Neutrophils in Response to Various Stimuli In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(23):12899. Published 2021 Nov 29. doi:10.3390\/ijms222312899.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312899"}],"container-title":["Contact Lens and Anterior Eye"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048426000317?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1367048426000317?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:41:29Z","timestamp":1788244889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1367048426000317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1367048426000317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Usability of different tear fluid collection methods to analyze ocular surface protein, lipid, and cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contact Lens and Anterior Eye","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2026.102635","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Contact Lens Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102635"}}