{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T12:48:24Z","timestamp":1768913304936,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinical-breast-cancer.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Breast Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T20:47:54Z","timestamp":1670273274000},"page":"211-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Insurance Coverage of Prophylactic Mastectomies: A National Review of the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ledibabari M.","family":"Ngaage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4666-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily R.","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Yanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Colohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suliat M.","family":"Nurudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia H.","family":"Terhune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheri","family":"Slezak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne M.","family":"Rasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0001","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Accessed 12 November 2020. Available at:https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0002","unstructured":"Moorthie S, Gaynor L, Burton H, Hall A, Kroese M, Raza S. Personalised prevention in breast cancer the policy landscape 2 personalised prevention in breast cancer: the policy landscape. Accessed 13 November 2020. Available at:www.b-cast.eu; 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4065\/72.1.54","article-title":"Genetics of breast cancer","volume":"72","author":"Greene","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031128","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers: how many and which genes to test?","volume":"21","author":"Angeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044383","article-title":"Benign breast disease and the risk of breast cancer","volume":"353","author":"Hartmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0388-9","article-title":"Personalized early detection and prevention of breast cancer: ENVISION consensus statement","volume":"17","author":"Pashayan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.3422","article-title":"Oncologic safety of prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy in a population with BRCA mutations: a multi-institutional study","volume":"153","author":"Jakub","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3938","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.19.3938","article-title":"Efficacy of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with a personal and family history of breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"McDonnell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.17.1297","article-title":"Risk-reduction mastectomy: clinical issues and research needs","volume":"93","author":"Stefanek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000769","article-title":"Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy after unilateral breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"260","author":"Fayanju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0011","first-page":"375","article-title":"Society of surgical oncology breast disease working group statement on prophylactic (risk-reducing) mastectomy","volume":"24","author":"Hunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5443-5","article-title":"Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (CPM) consensus statement from the American Society of Breast Surgeons: data on CPM outcomes and risks","volume":"23","author":"Boughey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg Onc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0013","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons. ASPS recommended insurance coverage criteria for third-party payers: reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy. Accessed 5 August 2022. Available at:https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org\/documents\/Health-Policy\/Reimbursement\/insurance-2017-prophylactic-mastectomy.pdf; 2019:1-6."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-009-0641-z","article-title":"Patient and surgeon characteristics associated with increased use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in patients with breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Arrington","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7350","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors associated with the receipt of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Jerome-D'emilia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Women's Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-04243-2","article-title":"Insurance coverage criteria for bariatric surgery: a survey of policies","volume":"30","author":"Gebran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006012","article-title":"Health insurance coverage of gender-affirming top surgery in the United States","volume":"144","author":"Ngaage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.14280","article-title":"Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in the setting of breast cancer diagnosis and their insurance coverage in the United States","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0019","unstructured":"Henry J. Kaiser Foundation. Market share and enrollment of largest three insurers \u2013 individual market | KFF. Accessed 15 November 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.kff.org\/private-insurance\/state-indicator\/market-share-and-enrollment-of-largest-three-insurers-individual-market\/?currentTimeframe=1&selectedRows=%7B%22states%22:%7B%22all%22:%7B%7D%7D,%22wrapups%22:%7B%22united-states%22:%7B%7D%7D%7D&sortMod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0020","unstructured":"National Association of Insurance Commissioners. 2017 market share reports for the top 125 accident and health insurance groups and companies by state and countrywide. Accessed 15 November 2020. Available at:https:\/\/www.naic.org\/prod_serv\/MSR-HB-18.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0021","article-title":"Risk-reducing mastectomy for the prevention of primary breast cancer","volume":"2018","author":"Carbine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.04.188","article-title":"Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: the PROSE study group","volume":"22","author":"Rebbeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5691.21.09009-2","article-title":"Surgical management of BRCA pathogenic variant carriers with breast cancer: a recent literature review and current state of the art","author":"Terribile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.4.225","article-title":"Genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 involved in breast cancer susceptibility","volume":"39","author":"De Jong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0025","first-page":"2","article-title":"Recommendations for preventive care for women with rare genetic cause of breast and ovarian cancer","volume":"32","author":"Hrabincov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Klin Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0026","unstructured":"NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN Guidelines) genetic\/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian. Version 3.2019 Jan 18, 2019. Available at: Available at:https:\/\/www2.tri-kobe.org\/nccn\/guideline\/gynecological\/english\/genetic_familial.pdf Accessed January 5, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.0017","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: genetic\/familial high-risk assessment: breast, ovarian, and pancreatic, version 1.2020: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines","volume":"18","author":"Daly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400201","article-title":"Efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with a family history of breast cancer","volume":"340","author":"Hartmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0029","article-title":"Familial breast cancer: classification, care and managing breast cancer and related risks in people with a family history of breast cancer","year":"2019","journal-title":"NCBI Bookshelf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0030","first-page":"75","article-title":"Cancer risks associated with external radiation from diagnostic imaging procedures","volume":"62","author":"Linet","year":"2012","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-8-200410190-00006","article-title":"Breast cancer after childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"141","author":"Kenney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2013.06.001","article-title":"Prophylactic mastectomy: a treatment alternative for Hodgkin survivors?","volume":"13","author":"Boucher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4386","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.11.059","article-title":"High risk of subsequent neoplasms continues with extended follow-up of childhood Hodgkin's disease: report from the Late Effects Study Group","volume":"21","author":"Bhatia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.4601","article-title":"Breast cancer after chest radiation therapy for childhood cancer","volume":"32","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930215)71:4<1187::AID-CNCR2820710402>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Benign breast disease resolved and unresolved issues","volume":"71","author":"Connolly","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq414","article-title":"Independent association of lobular involution and mammographic breast density with breast cancer risk","volume":"102","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.5.516","article-title":"A population-based study of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy efficacy in women at elevated risk for breast cancer in community practices","volume":"165","author":"Geiger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt124","article-title":"Benign breast disease, mammographic breast density, and the risk of breast cancer","volume":"105","author":"Tice","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"}],"container-title":["Clinical Breast Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526820922002695?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526820922002695?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:23:54Z","timestamp":1761513834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526820922002695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1526820922002695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-8209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-8209","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Insurance Coverage of Prophylactic Mastectomies: A National Review of the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Breast Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}