{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:26:31Z","timestamp":1774351591917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T08:23:53Z","timestamp":1225441433000},"page":"825-852","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Cytokines and Renin-Angiotensin System Signaling in Hepatic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Bataller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-927395","article-title":"Inflammation, damage repair and liver fibrosis\u2014role of cytokines and different cell types","volume":"45","author":"Saile","year":"2007","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401163","article-title":"Hepatitis C and liver fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Schuppan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282fbceca","article-title":"Alcohol and the liver","volume":"24","author":"Reuben","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib5","first-page":"279","article-title":"Adipokines and liver fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Marra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17554","article-title":"Cytokine receptors and signaling in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"21","author":"Pinzani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.1346","article-title":"Liver fibrogenesis: a new role for the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"7","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00695-4","article-title":"Activated human hepatic stellate cells express the renin-angiotensin system and synthesize angiotensin II","volume":"125","author":"Bataller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70368-4","article-title":"Angiotensin II induces contraction and proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"118","author":"Bataller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18212","article-title":"NADPH oxidase signal transduces angiotensin II in hepatic stellate cells and is critical in hepatic fibrosis","volume":"112","author":"Bataller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21638","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker inhibits fibrosis in rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"45","author":"Hirose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.10.083","article-title":"Telmisartan prevents hepatic fibrosis and enzyme-altered lesions in liver cirrhosis rat induced by a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet","volume":"364","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.25480","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition attenuates the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis","volume":"121","author":"Jonsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib14","first-page":"1499","article-title":"Effect of losartan, an angiotensin II antagonist, on secondary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Ramalho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"134","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118925","article-title":"Endothelin antagonism in experimental hepatic fibrosis. Implications for endothelin in the pathogenesis of wound healing","volume":"98","author":"Rockey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.10663","article-title":"Strain-specific differences in mouse hepatic wound healing are mediated by divergent T helper cytokine responses","volume":"94","author":"Shi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.2174\/138955708784567386","article-title":"Chemokines as pharmacological targets","volume":"8","author":"Galliera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247485","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits collagen alpha 1(I) gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells through a G protein","volume":"113","author":"Hernandez-Munoz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17553","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"21","author":"Eng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4820","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310999200","article-title":"Essential role of matrix metalloproteinases in interleukin-1-induced myofibroblastic activation of hepatic stellate cell in collagen","volume":"279","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197389","article-title":"An interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine in rat liver","volume":"424","author":"Mancini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"79","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib23","first-page":"2092","article-title":"Antifibrotic effects of interleukin-10 on experimental hepatic fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i17.2574","article-title":"Effect of interleukin-10 and platelet-derived growth factor on expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in rat fibrotic liver and cultured hepatic stellate cells","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.301","article-title":"Antifibrogenic effect of IFN-alpha2b on hepatic stellate cell activation by human hepatocytes","volume":"26","author":"Giannelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i17.2634","article-title":"Effects of interferon-alpha on expression of hepatic stellate cell and transforming growth factor-beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in rats with hepatic fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840380415","article-title":"Interferon alfa down-regulates collagen gene transcription and suppresses experimental hepatic fibrosis in mice","volume":"38","author":"Inagaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i1.122","article-title":"Treatment of pig serum-induced rat liver fibrosis with Boschniakia rossica, oxymatrine and interferon-alpha","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-3-9","article-title":"Different effects of rat interferon alpha, beta and gamma on rat hepatic stellate cell proliferation and activation","volume":"3","author":"Shen","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01038.x","article-title":"Combination of interferon-beta and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, attenuates the murine liver fibrosis development","volume":"25","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib31","first-page":"423","article-title":"Increased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 during active hepatic fibrogenesis: correlation with monocyte infiltration","volume":"152","author":"Marra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290107","article-title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 as a chemoattractant for human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"29","author":"Marra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib33","first-page":"837","article-title":"Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy prevents dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"14","author":"Tsuruta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/09629350400003159","article-title":"Semiquantitative analysis of intrahepatic CC-chemokine mRNas in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"13","author":"Nischalke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G949","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00215.2003","article-title":"Human hepatic stellate cells express CCR5 and RANTES to induce proliferation and migration","volume":"285","author":"Schwabe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib36","first-page":"CR215","article-title":"Interleukin-8 in the blood serum of patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Swiatkowska-Stodulska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(1998)12:2<77::AID-JCLA1>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Analysis of serum cytokine levels in primary biliary cirrhosis patients and healthy adults","volume":"12","author":"Yamashiki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.036","article-title":"Hepatic expression of candidate genes in patients with alcoholic hepatitis: correlation with disease severity","volume":"132","author":"Colmenero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/35010579","article-title":"PDGF-C is a new protease-activated ligand for the PDGF alpha-receptor","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/35074593","article-title":"PDGF-D, a new protease-activated growth factor","volume":"3","author":"LaRochelle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114363","article-title":"Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and other polypeptide mitogens on DNA synthesis and growth of cultured rat liver fat-storing cells","volume":"84","author":"Pinzani","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.029","article-title":"Pro-fibrogenic potential of PDGF-D in liver fibrosis","volume":"46","author":"Borkham-Kamphorst","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib43","first-page":"785","article-title":"Expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in normal human liver and during active hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"148","author":"Pinzani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117497","article-title":"Induction of beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor in rat hepatic lipocytes during cellular activation in vivo and in culture","volume":"94","author":"Wong","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.06.153","article-title":"Antisense strategy against PDGF B-chain proves effective in preventing experimental liver fibrogenesis","volume":"321","author":"Borkham-Kamphorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700094","article-title":"Dominant-negative soluble PDGF-beta receptor inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and attenuates liver fibrosis","volume":"84","author":"Borkham-Kamphorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80257-7","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta gene expression in normal and fibrotic rat liver","volume":"26","author":"De Bleser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200402000-00001","article-title":"How can transforming growth factor beta be targeted usefully to combat liver fibrosis?","volume":"16","author":"Shek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/0968051907081102","article-title":"Down-regulation of TGFbeta1 and leptin ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver injury in lipopolysaccharide-primed rats","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"issue":"6752","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/46794","article-title":"Silencing of TGF-beta signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI","volume":"401","author":"Onichtchouk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1663","article-title":"TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Seki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060887","article-title":"Proangiogenic cytokines as hypoxia-dependent factors stimulating migration of human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"170","author":"Novo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.9.1347","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor interaction is a prerequisite for murine hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"52","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63522-5","article-title":"Role of fibroblast growth factor type 1 and 2 in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and fibrogenesis","volume":"163","author":"Yu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib55","first-page":"2061","article-title":"Protective effect of IGF-1 on experimental liver cirrhosis-induced common bile duct ligation","volume":"50","author":"Canturk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.024505","article-title":"Expression of insulin-like growth factor I by activated hepatic stellate cells reduces fibrogenesis and enhances regeneration after liver injury","volume":"54","author":"Sanz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050747","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor attenuates liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation","volume":"168","author":"Xia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70487-1","article-title":"Reduced nitric oxide production by endothelial cells in cirrhotic rat liver: endothelial dysfunction in portal hypertension","volume":"114","author":"Rockey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.04.033","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 inhibits transforming growth factor beta 1-mediated induction of collagen alpha 1(I) in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"41","author":"Hui","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000042236.76194.82","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation through a prostaglandin E receptor EP2 subtype in rat hepatic stellate cells","volume":"49","author":"Koide","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20054","article-title":"PAR1 antagonism protects against experimental liver fibrosis. Role of proteinase receptors in stellate cell activation","volume":"39","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.032136","article-title":"A role for thrombin in liver fibrosis","volume":"53","author":"Duplantier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G226","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00444.2007","article-title":"Protease-activated receptor 1 knockout reduces experimentally induced liver fibrosis","volume":"294","author":"Rullier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8566602","article-title":"Endothelin 1 is overexpressed in human cirrhotic liver and exerts multiple effects on activated hepatic stellate cells","volume":"110","author":"Pinzani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70240-4","article-title":"Chronic blockade of endothelin receptors in cirrhotic rats: hepatic and hemodynamic effects","volume":"116","author":"Poo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00232-8","article-title":"Norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y promote proliferation and collagen gene expression of hepatic myofibroblastic stellate cells","volume":"302","author":"Oben","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G877","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00537.2005","article-title":"Norepinephrine induces calcium spikes and proinflammatory actions in human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"291","author":"Sancho-Bru","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060081","article-title":"Resistin as an intrahepatic cytokine: overexpression during chronic injury and induction of proinflammatory actions in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"169","author":"Bertolani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33369","article-title":"Leptin and liver fibrosis: a matter of fat","volume":"122","author":"Marra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32995","article-title":"Leptin receptor-mediated signaling regulates hepatic fibrogenesis and remodeling of extracellular matrix in the rat","volume":"122","author":"Ikejima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.08.029","article-title":"Enhanced carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice lacking adiponectin","volume":"125","author":"Kamada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G357","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00456.2007","article-title":"Endocannabinoids and liver disease. II. Endocannabinoids in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis","volume":"294","author":"Siegmund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1421","article-title":"CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonism: a new strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Teixeira-Clerc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.12.050","article-title":"Antifibrogenic role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in the liver","volume":"128","author":"Julien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20733","article-title":"Daily cannabis smoking as a risk factor for progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"42","author":"Hezode","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13374","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409444200","article-title":"The role of p70S6K in hepatic stellate cell collagen gene expression and cell proliferation","volume":"280","author":"Gabele","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212927200","article-title":"The role of focal adhesion kinase-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-akt signaling in hepatic stellate cell proliferation and type I collagen expression","volume":"278","author":"Reif","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20965","article-title":"Upregulation of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines by leptin in human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"42","author":"Aleffi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1051","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00058.2005","article-title":"PI3K is involved in PDGF-beta receptor upregulation post-PDGF-BB treatment in mouse HSC","volume":"291","author":"Lechuga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1720","DOI":"10.2741\/pinzani","article-title":"PDGF and signal transduction in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"7","author":"Pinzani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2174\/156800907780809741","article-title":"The PI3K\/Akt pathway and its downstream transcriptional factors as targets for chemoprevention","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Cancer Drug Targets"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70406-3","article-title":"Rapamycin inhibits hepatic stellate cell proliferation in vitro and limits fibrogenesis in an in vivo model of liver fibrosis","volume":"117","author":"Zhu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210407","article-title":"G protein regulation of MAPK networks","volume":"26","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9945","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010303200","article-title":"Signal transduction by the chemokine receptor CXCR3: activation of Ras\/ERK, Src, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt controls cell migration and proliferation in human vascular pericytes","volume":"276","author":"Bonacchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G642","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00037.2003","article-title":"Prolonged infusion of angiotensin II into normal rats induces stellate cell activation and proinflammatory events in liver","volume":"285","author":"Bataller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300406","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation differentially regulates platelet-derived growth factor's actions in hepatic stellate cells, and is induced by in vivo liver injury in the rat","volume":"30","author":"Marra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6812","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.11.6812","article-title":"CD40 activates NF-kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and enhances chemokine secretion on activated human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"166","author":"Schwabe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0771fje","article-title":"Differential requirement for c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in TNFalpha- and Fas-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes","volume":"18","author":"Schwabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28790","article-title":"TAK1\/JNK and p38 have opposite effects on rat hepatic stellate cells","volume":"34","author":"Schnabl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10055","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409381200","article-title":"SMAD and p38 MAPK signaling pathways independently regulate alpha1(I) collagen gene expression in unstimulated and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated hepatic stellate cells","volume":"280","author":"Tsukada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.06.014","article-title":"Mechanisms of liver fibrosis","volume":"364","author":"Tsukada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.12.010","article-title":"Hypoxia induces the activation of human hepatic stellate cells LX-2 through TGF-beta signaling pathway","volume":"581","author":"Shi","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.10750","article-title":"TGF beta\/Smad signaling system and its pathologic correlates","volume":"116A","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.09.014","article-title":"IFN-gamma abrogates profibrogenic TGF-beta signaling in liver by targeting expression of inhibitory and receptor Smads","volume":"46","author":"Weng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22089","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700998200","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition state in mouse hepatocytes in vitro","volume":"282","author":"Kaimori","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00535.x","article-title":"Liver fibrogenesis due to cholestasis is associated with increased Smad7 expression and Smad3 signaling","volume":"10","author":"Seyhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.088","article-title":"Cell type-specific intervention of transforming growth factor beta\/Smad signaling suppresses collagen gene expression and hepatic fibrosis in mice","volume":"129","author":"Inagaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G583","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00422.2005","article-title":"Mechanisms of liver injury. I. TNF-alpha-induced liver injury: role of IKK, JNK, and ROS pathways","volume":"290","author":"Schwabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib99","first-page":"G269","article-title":"Cytokines induce NF-kappaB in activated but not in quiescent rat hepatic stellate cells","volume":"275","author":"Hellerbrand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80159-2","article-title":"Nuclear factor kappaB in proliferation, activation, and apoptosis in rat hepatic stellate cells","volume":"33","author":"Lang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.04.012","article-title":"Pregnane X receptor activators inhibit human hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation in vitro","volume":"131","author":"Haughton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0341119","article-title":"The impact of pregnane X receptor activation on liver fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20041598","article-title":"Pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile inhibits rodent liver fibrogenesis via PXR (pregnane X receptor)-dependent and PXR-independent mechanisms","volume":"387","author":"Marek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50015","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta signaling contributes to enhanced proliferation of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"124","author":"Hellemans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9365","article-title":"Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulate profibrogenic and proinflammatory actions in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"119","author":"Marra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33666","article-title":"Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones inhibit collagen synthesis and hepatic stellate cell activation in vivo and in vitro","volume":"122","author":"Galli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200376-JLR200","article-title":"PPARbeta regulates vitamin A metabolism-related gene expression in hepatic stellate cells undergoing activation","volume":"44","author":"Hellemans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.09.069","article-title":"PPARgamma agonists prevent TGFbeta1\/Smad3-signaling in human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"350","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9507","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M512077200","article-title":"Cytokines promote Wnt signaling and inflammation and impair the normal differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes","volume":"281","author":"Gustafson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5874","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157590","article-title":"Cell signaling. Wnt moves beyond the canon","volume":"320","author":"Bowerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.05.050","article-title":"Wnt signaling enhances the activation and survival of human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"581","author":"Myung","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G39","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00263.2007","article-title":"Wnt antagonism inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis","volume":"294","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.038","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling in the liver","volume":"130","author":"Schwabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22306","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and adaptor molecules in liver disease: Update","volume":"48","author":"Seki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50182","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory signaling by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"37","author":"Paik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2008.05.001","article-title":"The TNF superfamily-2008","volume":"19","author":"Ware","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"6440","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/364798a0","article-title":"Mice lacking the tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 are resistant to TNF-mediated toxicity but highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"364","author":"Rothe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23183","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.36.23183","article-title":"Role of NF-kappaB in the antiproliferative effect of endothelin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human hepatic stellate cells. Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"273","author":"Gallois","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03276-3","article-title":"p38 MAPK mediates the regulation of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA levels by TNF-alpha and TGF-beta in a cell line of rat hepatic stellate cells(1)","volume":"528","author":"Varela-Rey","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.021","article-title":"CD95 ligand is a proliferative and antiapoptotic signal in quiescent hepatic stellate cells","volume":"134","author":"Reinehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50002","article-title":"Activated stellate cells express the TRAIL receptor-2\/death receptor-5 and undergo TRAIL-mediated apoptosis","volume":"37","author":"Taimr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4292","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308351200","article-title":"Leptin stimulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in human hepatic stellate cells: respective roles of the JAK\/STAT and JAK-mediated H2O2-dependant MAPK pathways","volume":"279","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib123","first-page":"92","article-title":"Cytokines, STATs and liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21419","article-title":"STAT1 inhibits liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting stellate cell proliferation and stimulating NK cell cytotoxicity","volume":"44","author":"Jeong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21995","article-title":"Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase modulates the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"47","author":"Caligiuri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21991","article-title":"High molecular weight adiponectin inhibits proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase","volume":"47","author":"Adachi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0150","article-title":"Minireview: overview of the renin-angiotensin system\u2013an endocrine and paracrine system","volume":"144","author":"Lavoie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2002.2075","article-title":"Local cardiac renin-angiotensin system: hypertension and cardiac failure","volume":"34","author":"Varagic","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199715066-00007","article-title":"Comparison of type 1 angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hypertens Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(95)05709-9","article-title":"Tranilast antagonizes angiotensin II and inhibits its biological effects in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"121","author":"Miyazawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/08037050310001057","article-title":"Angiotensin AT1\/AT2 receptors: regulation, signalling and function","volume":"12","author":"Kaschina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000050101.90932.14","article-title":"Cardiac angiotensin II type 2 receptor activates the kinin\/NO system and inhibits fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Kurisu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.09.006","article-title":"ACE2 of the heart: from angiotensin I to angiotensin (1\u20137)","volume":"73","author":"Keidar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1053\/snep.2001.26793","article-title":"Role of angiotensin II in glomerular injury","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.63.s83.16.x","article-title":"Clinical renoprotection trials involving angiotensin II-receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors","volume":"83","author":"Brenner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115905","article-title":"Fat-storing cells as liver-specific pericytes. Spatial dynamics of agonist-stimulated intracellular calcium transients","volume":"90","author":"Pinzani","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2669-7","article-title":"Angiotensin II participates in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis through MCP-1 expression","volume":"50","author":"Kanno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.02.034","article-title":"Attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin type 1a receptor deficient mice","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36561","article-title":"Up-regulation of components of the renin-angiotensin system in the bile duct-ligated rat liver","volume":"123","author":"Paizis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2005.01.017","article-title":"Expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in human cirrhotic livers: its relation to fibrosis and portal hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Ikura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00271.x","article-title":"Significance of chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in the progression of human liver fibrosis","volume":"38","author":"Komeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6346(02)00306-6","article-title":"Angiotensin II stimulates the nuclear translocation of Smad2 and induces PAI-1 mRNA in rat hepatic stellate cells","volume":"25","author":"Kamada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04735.x","article-title":"Rho\/Rho kinase is a key enzyme system involved in the angiotensin II signaling pathway of liver fibrosis and steatosis","volume":"22","author":"Kitamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2007.04.016","article-title":"NOX in liver fibrosis","volume":"462","author":"De Minicis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00307-0","article-title":"Hemodynamic and antifibrotic effects of losartan in rats with liver fibrosis and\/or portal hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Croquet","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04797.x","article-title":"Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system attenuates the development of liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"35","author":"El Demerdash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-007-2040-1","article-title":"Sex-related influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms on fibrosis progression due to recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation","volume":"42","author":"Fabris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04700.x","article-title":"Effect of losartan on early liver fibrosis development in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Ibanez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705339","article-title":"An angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, olmesartan medoxomil, improves experimental liver fibrosis by suppression of proliferation and collagen synthesis in activated hepatic stellate cells","volume":"139","author":"Kurikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.05.183","article-title":"Anti-fibrogenic function of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis","volume":"346","author":"Nabeshima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6346(01)00102-4","article-title":"Anti-fibrogenic effect of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"21","author":"Ohishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00146-5","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on experimental hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Paizis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02944.x","article-title":"Captopril reduces collagen and mast cell and eosinophil accumulation in pig serum-induced rat liver fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Ramos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(04)70155-4","article-title":"Anti-fibrogenic effects of captopril and candesartan cilexetil on the hepatic fibrosis development in rat. The effect of AT1-R blocker on the hepatic fibrosis","volume":"55","author":"Tuncer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9941-y","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on experimental hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"53","author":"Turkay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v6.i6.824","article-title":"The regulatory role of AT 1 receptor on activated HSCs in hepatic fibrogenesis:effects of RAS inhibitors on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4)","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04527.x","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the angiotensinogen gene are associated with liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"21","author":"Xiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04331.x","article-title":"Effects of perindopril and valsartan on expression of transforming growth factor-beta-Smads in experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28231","article-title":"Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor interaction is a major regulator for liver fibrosis development in rats","volume":"34","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00104-6","article-title":"Inhibition of renin-angiotensin system attenuates liver enzyme-altered preneoplastic lesions and fibrosis development in rats","volume":"37","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2006.07.003","article-title":"Angiotensin-II and vascular endothelial growth factor interaction plays an important role in rat liver fibrosis development","volume":"36","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000060162","article-title":"TGF-beta and renal fibrosis","volume":"135","author":"Gaedeke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6346(03)00194-3","article-title":"Hepatic chymase level in chronic hepatitis: co-localization of chymase with fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Shimizu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00459-8","article-title":"Pro-fibrotic polymorphisms predictive of advanced liver fibrosis in the severely obese","volume":"39","author":"Dixon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.6253","article-title":"Host genetic factors influence disease progression in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"31","author":"Powell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32679","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin receptor antagonist on liver fibrosis in early stages of chronic hepatitis C","volume":"36","author":"Terui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20420","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Yokohama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6786","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i42.6786","article-title":"Interferon augments the anti-fibrotic activity of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C","volume":"12","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000128913.09774.CE","article-title":"Beneficial effect of angiotensin-blocking agents on graft fibrosis in hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation","volume":"78","author":"Rimola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50063","article-title":"Liver transplantation for HCV-associated liver cirrhosis: predictors of outcomes in a population with significant genotype 3 and 4 distribution","volume":"9","author":"Zekry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01241-X","article-title":"Vascular and cardiac benefits of angiotensin receptor blockers","volume":"113","author":"Schiffrin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.278.19.1572","article-title":"Losartan-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"278","author":"Bosch","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6346(03)00160-8","article-title":"Angiotensin-II induces the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 through the protein kinase-C signaling pathway in rat liver fibrosis development","volume":"27","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i31.4807","article-title":"ACEI attenuates the progression of CCl4-induced rat hepatic fibrogenesis by inhibiting TGF-beta1, PDGF-BB, NF-kappaB and MMP-2,9","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-006-1891-1","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in rats","volume":"41","author":"Ueki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013_bib176","first-page":"899","article-title":"Amelioration of liver fibrogenesis by dual inhibition of PDGF and TGF-beta with a combination of imatinib mesylate and ACE inhibitor in rats","volume":"17","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326108000792?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326108000792?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T06:39:50Z","timestamp":1709361590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326108000792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":176,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326108000792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}