{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:10:16Z","timestamp":1777723816669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T21:26:40Z","timestamp":1351114000000},"page":"699-716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Histologic Findings in Alcoholic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"James M.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v3.i5.108","article-title":"Definition, epidemiology and magnitude of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"3","author":"Bosra","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2004.11.001","article-title":"Morphology of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Lefkowitch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib3","first-page":"537","article-title":"Covalent protein adducts in the liver as a result of ethanol metabolism and lipid peroxidation","volume":"70","author":"Niemel\u00e4","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(85)90113-2","article-title":"Analysis and subcellular localization of lipid in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Peters","year":"1985","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib5","first-page":"150","article-title":"Lipogranulomas in human liver biopsies with fatty change. A morphological, biochemical and clinical investigation","volume":"79","author":"Christoffersen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib6","first-page":"190","article-title":"Osmosensing and signaling in the regulation of liver function","volume":"152","author":"Schiless","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib7","first-page":"670","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell injury by activated oxygen species","volume":"762","author":"Farber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.10.016","article-title":"Oncosis represents the main type of cell death in mouse models of cholestasis","volume":"42","author":"Ficker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.01.026","article-title":"Ballooned hepatocytes in steatohepatitis: the value of keratin immunohistochemistry for diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Lackner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01209-5","article-title":"Apoptosis versus oncotic necrosis in hepatic ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"125","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2011.00569.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and redox signaling mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease. Updated experimental and clinical evidence","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21062","article-title":"Apoptosis and necrosis in the liver: a tale of two deaths?","volume":"43","author":"Malhi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib13","first-page":"R1020","article-title":"Anoxic suppression on Na+-K+-ATPase and constant membrane potential in hepatocytes: support for channel arrest","volume":"265","author":"Buck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.3.778","article-title":"Cell surface changes and enzyme release during hypoxia and reoxygenation in the isolated, perfused rat liver","volume":"97","author":"LeMasters","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005572731059","article-title":"Calcium-binding properties of the mitochondrial channel-forming hydrophobic component","volume":"32","author":"Gateau-Roesch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524033479564","article-title":"Role of the mitochondrial permeability transition in apoptotic and necrotic death after ischemia\/reperfusion injury to hepatocytes","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/283249a0","article-title":"Intermediate filaments as mechanical integrators of cellular space","volume":"283","author":"Lazarides","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib18","series-title":"The liver: biology and pathobiology","first-page":"131","article-title":"The hepatocyte plasma membrane: organization and differentiation","author":"Schachter","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80233-0","article-title":"Mallory bodies revisited","volume":"32","author":"Denk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64708-6","article-title":"Hepatocyte cytokeratins are hyperphosphorylated at multiple sites in human alcoholic hepatitis and in a Mallory body mouse model","volume":"156","author":"Stumptner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1649","article-title":"The keratin cytoskeleton in liver diseases","volume":"204","author":"Zatloukal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.149.1.17","article-title":"Keratin-dependent, epithelial resistance to tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis","volume":"149","author":"Caulin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701584163","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory liver injury","volume":"35","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i20.2543","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells and innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Suh","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G516","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00537.2010","article-title":"Innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"300","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastroenterol Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1970.00310120093014","article-title":"Physiology and physiopathology of the reticuloendothelial system","volume":"126","author":"Saba","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-10-RV-087","article-title":"Progression of alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: common metabolic aspects of innate immune system and oxidative stress","volume":"26","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(03)00104-8","article-title":"Hepatic (dys-)function during inflammation. Toxicology","volume":"17","author":"Monshouwer","year":"2003","journal-title":"In\u00a0Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.32.453","article-title":"Common pathogenic mechanism in development progression of liver injury caused by non-alcoholic or alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Nagata","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400407","article-title":"Apoptosis: the importance of being eaten","volume":"5","author":"Gores","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80108-7","article-title":"Alcohol-induced fatty liver and inflammation: where do Kupffer cells act?","volume":"32","author":"Casini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1089\/152308602760598918","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilization in necrotic cell death, apoptosis, and autophagy","volume":"4","author":"LeMasters","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00110-0","article-title":"Apoptosis in alcoholic hepatitis: a novel therapeutic target?","volume":"34","author":"Day","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib34","first-page":"121","article-title":"Ischemia and reperfusion of liver induces eNOS and iNOS expression: effects of a NO donor and NOS inhibitor","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200116050-00006","article-title":"The roles of iNOS in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00457-2","article-title":"History of the events leading to the formulation of the apoptosis concept","volume":"181","author":"Kerr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0906.x","article-title":"Apoptosis and necrosis in liver disease","volume":"24","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(02)00125-8","article-title":"Apoptosis and the liver: relation to autoimmunity and related conditions","volume":"2","author":"Bai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22776","article-title":"An early complement-dependent and TLR-4 independent phase in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury","volume":"49","author":"Roychowdhury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.041","article-title":"Complement and alcoholic liver disease: role of C1q in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"139","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06539.x","article-title":"New concepts in liver regeneration","volume":"26","author":"Riehle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(73)90039-7","article-title":"Effects of starvation on the proliferative response after partial hepatectomy","volume":"19","author":"Stirling","year":"1973","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/014860718601000117","article-title":"Effects of amino acid infusions on liver regeneration after hepatectomy in the rat","volume":"10","author":"Rigotti","year":"1986","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.03.010","article-title":"Hepatic myofibroblasts: a heterogeneous population of multifunctional cells in liver fibrogenesis","volume":"41","author":"Novo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-007-9078-5","article-title":"The diffuse stellate cell system","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Histol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2007","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver","volume":"88","author":"Frideman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.06.013","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis\u2014overview","volume":"254","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9266","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9266","article-title":"Endothelin receptors in rat liver: lipocytes as a contractile target for endothelin 1","volume":"90","author":"Housset","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17824.x","article-title":"The contraction of hepatic stellate (Ito) cells stimulated with vasoactive substances: possible involvement of endothelin 1 and nitric oxide in the regulation of sinusoidal tonus","volume":"213","author":"Kawada","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194703","article-title":"Sequential changes in human Ito cells and their relation to postnecrotic liver fibrosis in massive and submassive hepatic necrosis","volume":"426","author":"Enzan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360050065027","article-title":"Perivenular fibrosis as precursor lesion of cirrhosis","volume":"254","author":"Worner","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270612","article-title":"An intravital fluorescence microscopic study of hepatic microvascular and cellular derangements in developing cirrhosis in rats","volume":"27","author":"Vollmar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00966.x","article-title":"Distribution of Ito cells in experimental hepatic fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Yokoi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib54","first-page":"H460","article-title":"Hepatic microvascular changes associated with development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis","volume":"258","author":"Sherman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00549.x","article-title":"Computer morphometry for quantitative measurement of liver fibrosis: comparison with Knodell's score, colorimetry and conventional description reports","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140519","article-title":"The role of capillarization in hepatic failure: studies in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Martinez-Hernandez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00491759","article-title":"Histophotometric estimation of volume density of collagen as an indication of fibrosis in rat liver","volume":"85","author":"James","year":"1986","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04094.x","article-title":"Fibrosis distribution in explanted cirrhotic livers","volume":"60","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170520","article-title":"Defenestration of the sinusoidal endothelial cell in a rat model of cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Mori","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib60","first-page":"265","article-title":"Proliferation and phenotypic modulation of portal fibroblasts in the early stages of cholestatic fibrosis in the rat","volume":"74","author":"Tuchweber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib61","first-page":"765","article-title":"Extracellular matrix deposition, lysyl oxidase expression, and myofibroblastic differentiation during the initial stages of cholestatic fibrosis in the rat","volume":"76","author":"Desmouliere","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160623","article-title":"Role of mesenchymal cell populations in porcine serum-induced rat liver fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Bhunchet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000054178.01162.E4","article-title":"The myofibroblast conversion of peribiliary fibrogenic cells distinct from hepatic stellate cells is stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor during liver fibrogenesis","volume":"83","author":"Kinnman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2010.00472.x","article-title":"Histopathological evaluation of fatty and alcoholic liver diseases","volume":"12","author":"Yerian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dig Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326112000876?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326112000876?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T22:57:46Z","timestamp":1542668266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326112000876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326112000876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}