{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:21:56Z","timestamp":1791238916304,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T08:46:45Z","timestamp":1393318005000},"page":"281-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":259,"title":["Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Iwakiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181572357","article-title":"Vascular deterioration in cirrhosis: the big picture","volume":"41","author":"Bosch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20993","article-title":"The hyperdynamic circulation of chronic liver diseases: from the patient to the molecule","volume":"43","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib3","series-title":"Cell and molecular mechanisms of increased intrahepatic resistance and hemodynamic correlates","author":"Rockey","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib4","series-title":"Anatomy and vascular biology of the cells in the portal circulation","author":"Pinzani","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31432","article-title":"The paradox of nitric oxide in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: too much, not enough","volume":"35","author":"Wiest","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09493","article-title":"Inductive angiocrine signals from sinusoidal endothelium are required for liver regeneration","volume":"468","author":"Ding","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23739","article-title":"Endothelial cell toll-like receptor 4 regulates fibrosis-associated angiogenesis in the liver","volume":"52","author":"Jagavelu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.004","article-title":"Intrahepatic angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling in chronic liver disease: new targets for the treatment of portal hypertension?","volume":"53","author":"Thabut","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.02.006","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119842","article-title":"Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are responsible for nitric oxide modulation of resistance in the hepatic sinusoids","volume":"100","author":"Shah","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70408-7","article-title":"Impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity associated with enhanced caveolin binding in experimental cirrhosis in the rat","volume":"117","author":"Shah","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S288","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181468b4c","article-title":"The molecules: mechanisms of arterial vasodilatation observed in the splanchnic and systemic circulation in portal hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22166","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress in cirrhotic rat livers: a potential mechanism contributing to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability","volume":"47","author":"Gracia-Sancho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21080","article-title":"Ascorbic acid improves the intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Hernandez-Guerra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.149880","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase gene transfer reduces portal pressure in CCl4 cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension","volume":"58","author":"Lavina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26464","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R113.472936","article-title":"Peroxynitrite, a stealthy biological oxidant","volume":"288","author":"Radi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02651.x","article-title":"Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) determines the improvement of hepatic endothelial dysfunction by vitamin E in cirrhotic rats","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.034","article-title":"Tempol administration, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, reduces hepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats","volume":"54","author":"Garcia-Caldero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.012","article-title":"Effects of N-acetylcysteine administration in hepatic microcirculation of rats with biliary cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.014","article-title":"Enhanced vasoconstrictor prostanoid production by sinusoidal endothelial cells increases portal perfusion pressure in cirrhotic rat livers","volume":"47","author":"Gracia-Sancho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G763","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00300.2004","article-title":"Sinusoidal endothelial COX-1-derived prostanoids modulate the hepatic vascular tone of cirrhotic rat livers","volume":"288","author":"Graupera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17824.x","article-title":"The contraction of hepatic stellate (Ito) cells stimulated with vasoactive substances. Possible involvement of endothelin 1 and nitric oxide in the regulation of the sinusoidal tonus","volume":"213","author":"Kawada","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5922","article-title":"Functional significance of endothelin B receptors in mediating sinusoidal and extrasinusoidal effects of endothelins in the intact rat liver","volume":"31","author":"Bauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02579.x","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in the regulation of cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1823","article-title":"ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 attenuates stellate cell contraction and portal pressure increase induced by endothelin-1","volume":"266","author":"Kawada","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8566602","article-title":"Endothelin 1 is overexpressed in human cirrhotic liver and exerts multiple effects on activated hepatic stellate cells","volume":"110","author":"Pinzani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240137","article-title":"Endothelin induced contractility of stellate cells from normal and cirrhotic rat liver: implications for regulation of portal pressure and resistance","volume":"24","author":"Rockey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20193","article-title":"Angiogenesis in chronic inflammatory liver disease","volume":"39","author":"Medina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3350\/kjhep.2010.16.4.347","article-title":"Hemodynamic alterations in cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G535","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00297.2005","article-title":"Defects in cGMP-PKG pathway contribute to impaired NO-dependent responses in hepatic stellate cells upon activation","volume":"290","author":"Perri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00695054","article-title":"The scarring of the liver acini (cirrhosis). Tridimensional and microcirculatory considerations","volume":"402","author":"Rappaport","year":"1983","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.065","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells secrete angiopoietin 1 that induces angiogenesis in liver fibrosis","volume":"135","author":"Taura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24427","article-title":"Complementary vascular and matrix regulatory pathways underlie the beneficial mechanism of action of sorafenib in liver fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Thabut","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060887","article-title":"Proangiogenic cytokines as hypoxia-dependent factors stimulating migration of human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"170","author":"Novo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib35","first-page":"376","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ascites tumor growth: angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and stroma formation in the peritoneal lining","volume":"55","author":"Nagy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.052","article-title":"Disruption of Notch1 induces vascular remodeling, intussusceptive angiogenesis, and angiosarcomas in livers of mice","volume":"142","author":"Dill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290436","article-title":"Increased angiogenesis in portal hypertensive rats: role of nitric oxide","volume":"29","author":"Sumanovski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00064-7","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo angiogenesis in normal and portal hypertensive rats: role of basic fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide","volume":"34","author":"Sieber","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib39","first-page":"111","article-title":"Different patterns of porta-systemic shunting in cirrhosis of the liver studied by an indicator dilution technique","volume":"3","author":"Groszmann","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00175-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology of portal hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Bosch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G980","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00336.2005","article-title":"Mild increases in portal pressure upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the intestinal microcirculatory bed, leading to a hyperdynamic state","volume":"290","author":"Abraldes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01399.x","article-title":"Intestinal and plasma VEGF levels in cirrhosis: the role of portal pressure","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.12.012","article-title":"Anti-VEGF receptor-2 monoclonal antibody prevents portal-systemic collateral vessel formation in portal hypertensive mice","volume":"126","author":"Fernandez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01308.x","article-title":"Increased angiogenesis and permeability in the mesenteric microvasculature of rats with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: an in\u00a0vivo study","volume":"26","author":"Geerts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.068","article-title":"Role of placental growth factor in mesenteric neoangiogenesis in a mouse model of portal hypertension","volume":"137","author":"Van Steenkiste","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.02.022","article-title":"Inhibition of VEGF receptor-2 decreases the development of hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and portal-systemic collateral vessels in portal hypertensive rats","volume":"43","author":"Fernandez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21785","article-title":"Reversal of portal hypertension and hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation by combined vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor blockade in rats","volume":"46","author":"Fernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.09.019","article-title":"Apelin signaling modulates splanchnic angiogenesis and portosystemic collateral vessel formation in rats with portal hypertension","volume":"50","author":"Tiani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22758","article-title":"Beneficial effects of sorafenib on splanchnic, intrahepatic, and portocollateral circulations in portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats","volume":"49","author":"Mejias","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.06.024","article-title":"Sorafenib attenuates the portal hypertensive syndrome in partial portal vein ligated rats","volume":"51","author":"Reiberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25625","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist ameliorates mesenteric angiogenesis and portosystemic collaterals in cirrhotic rats","volume":"56","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib52","series-title":"Chronic liver failure, mechanisms and management","first-page":"305","article-title":"The systemic and splanchnic circulation","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2003.07.014","article-title":"Mesenteric vasoconstriction triggers nitric oxide overproduction in the superior mesenteric artery of portal hypertensive rats","volume":"125","author":"Tsai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2084","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00675.2001","article-title":"Phosphorylation of eNOS initiates excessive NO production in early phases of portal hypertension","volume":"282","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706928","article-title":"Anandamide mediates hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhotic rats via CB(1) and VR(1) receptors","volume":"149","author":"Moezi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/89953","article-title":"Endocannabinoids acting at vascular CB1 receptors mediate the vasodilated state in advanced liver cirrhosis","volume":"7","author":"Batkai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.226407","article-title":"Amelioration of portal hypertension and the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in cirrhotic rats by neuropeptide Y via pronounced splanchnic vasoaction","volume":"60","author":"Moleda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22170","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of urotensin II and its specific receptor antagonist palosuran in cirrhotic rats","volume":"47","author":"Trebicka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01539.x","article-title":"Urotensin II: a novel vasoactive mediator linked to chronic liver disease and portal hypertension","volume":"27","author":"Kemp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02181.x","article-title":"Vascular hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II in rats with CCl(4)-induced liver cirrhosis","volume":"39","author":"Hennenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20000067","article-title":"Splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin in a haemorrhage\/transfused rat model of portal hypertension: role of nitric oxide and bradykinin","volume":"99","author":"Chu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib62","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin in a hemorrhage-transfused common bile duct-ligated rat model of portal hypertension: role of nitric oxide and bradykinin","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280307","article-title":"Vasopressin reverses mesenteric hyperemia and vasoconstrictor hyporesponsiveness in anesthetized portal hypertensive rats","volume":"28","author":"Heinemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30417","article-title":"Hyperdynamic circulation in portal-hypertensive rats is dependent on central c-fos gene expression","volume":"35","author":"Song","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02176.x","article-title":"Atrophy of mesenteric sympathetic innervation may contribute to splanchnic vasodilation in rat portal hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Coll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02762.x","article-title":"Blockage of the afferent sensitive pathway prevents sympathetic atrophy and hemodynamic alterations in rat portal hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Ezkurdia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64331-3","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase 3-dependent vascular remodeling and circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis","volume":"162","author":"Fernandez-Varo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.09.023","article-title":"Impaired extracellular matrix degradation in aortic vessels of cirrhotic rats","volume":"46","author":"Fernandez-Varo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2012.18.4.337","article-title":"The role of gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Seo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.11.018","article-title":"Bacterial translocation is downregulated by anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody administration in rats with cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"46","author":"Frances","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0542","article-title":"Improved liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous bone marrow cell infusion therapy","volume":"24","author":"Terai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12218","article-title":"Histological improvement following administration of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for alcoholic cirrhosis: a pilot study","volume":"34","author":"Jang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07238.x","article-title":"Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells ameliorates vascular dysfunction and portal hypertension in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver cirrhotic model","volume":"28","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20452","article-title":"Transplantation of bone marrow cells reduces CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice","volume":"40","author":"Sakaida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70118-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of ascites formation","volume":"4","author":"Cardenas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90140-9","article-title":"Effects of experimental cirrhosis on splanchnic microvascular fluid and solute exchange in the rat","volume":"87","author":"Barrowman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2013.19.2.99","article-title":"The lymphatic vascular system in liver diseases: its role in ascites formation","volume":"19","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300703","article-title":"Increased nitric oxide production in lymphatic endothelial cells causes impairment of lymphatic drainage in cirrhotic rats","volume":"62","author":"Ribera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.09.049","article-title":"Measurement of spleen stiffness by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging identifies cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices","volume":"144","author":"Takuma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.035","article-title":"Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis","volume":"143","author":"Colecchia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.001","article-title":"Elastography, spleen size, and platelet count identify portal hypertension in patients with compensated cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"Berzigotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857862","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/857862","article-title":"Spleen stiffness correlates with the presence of ascites but not esophageal varices in chronic hepatitis C patients","volume":"2013","author":"Mori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.004","article-title":"Relevance of the mTOR signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of splenomegaly in rats with chronic portal hypertension","volume":"52","author":"Mejias","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22203","article-title":"Vascular biology and pathobiology of the liver: report of a single-topic symposium","volume":"47","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.11.032","article-title":"Absence of Nogo-B (reticulon 4B) facilitates hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and diminishes hepatic fibrosis in mice","volume":"182","author":"Tashiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24200","article-title":"Reticulon 4B (Nogo-B) is a novel regulator of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326113001293?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326113001293?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T11:30:25Z","timestamp":1716550225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326113001293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326113001293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}