{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:07:06Z","timestamp":1790755626796,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","liver.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T15:42:44Z","timestamp":1448034164000},"page":"131-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Understanding and Treating Fatigue in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Jopson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Dyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32993","article-title":"The true impact of fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis: a population study","volume":"122","author":"Goldblatt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.5.705","article-title":"Fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Cauch-Dudek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12709","article-title":"Fatigue in primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with sympathetic over-activity and increased cardiac output","volume":"35","author":"Dyson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26365","article-title":"The impact of primary biliary cirrhosis on perceived quality of life: the UK-PBC National Study","volume":"58","author":"Mells","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.12.005","article-title":"Sex and age are determinants of the clinical phenotype of primary biliary cirrhosis and response to ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"144","author":"Carbone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib6","first-page":"1278","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: a revised clinical spectrum","volume":"1","author":"James","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)35377-6","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis (chronic intrahepatic obstructive jaundice)","volume":"37","author":"Sherlock","year":"1959","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.009","article-title":"EASL practice guidelines on management of cholestatic liver diseases","volume":"51","author":"Beuers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22906","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"50","author":"Lindor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.065862","article-title":"Development, validation and evaluation of the PBC-40, a disease specific health related quality of life measure for primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"54","author":"Jacoby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80385-2","article-title":"Validation of a fatigue impact score in primary biliary cirrhosis: towards a standard for clinical and trial use","volume":"32","author":"Prince","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.12.012","article-title":"Characterisation of the associations and impact of symptoms in primary biliary cirrhosis using a disease specific quality of life measure","volume":"44","author":"Newton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283470256","article-title":"Functional capacity is significantly impaired in primary biliary cirrhosis and related to orthostatic symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Newton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7004","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7004","article-title":"Fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"345","author":"Hale","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280102","article-title":"Chronic cholestasis in rats induces anhedonia and loss of social interest","volume":"28","author":"Swain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03058-4","article-title":"Increased midbrain 5-HT1A receptor number and responsiveness in cholestatic rats","volume":"892","author":"Burak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.31878","article-title":"Increased sensitivity to the locomotor-activating effects of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in cholestatic rats","volume":"122","author":"Burak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21003","article-title":"TNF-alpha secreting monocytes are recruited into the brain of cholestatic mice","volume":"43","author":"Kerfoot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12026","article-title":"Sleep-wake profiles in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"33","author":"Montagnese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21230","article-title":"Fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with excessive daytime somnolence","volume":"44","author":"Newton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02288.x","article-title":"A\u00a0follow-up study of modafinil for the daytime somnolence and fatigue in PBC","volume":"30","author":"Hardy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0613-3","article-title":"Modafinil in the treatment of debilitating fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis: a clinical experience","volume":"54","author":"Ian Gan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21609","article-title":"The population prevalence and symptom associations of autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Newton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000252629.96043.67","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis correlates with fatigue severity","volume":"19","author":"Newton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp188","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with falls and significant fall related injury","volume":"103","author":"Frith","year":"2010","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22371","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in primary biliary cirrhosis: symptom impact and potential aetiology","volume":"48","author":"Newton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.016766","article-title":"Fatigue and primary biliary cirrhosis: association of globus pallidus magnetization transfer ratio measurements with fatigue severity and blood manganese levels","volume":"53","author":"Forton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.036","article-title":"Central nervous system dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis patients and its relationship to symptoms","volume":"53","author":"McDonald","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.04.013","article-title":"A pilot study of peripheral muscle function in primary biliary cirrhosis: potential implications for fatigue pathogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.022","article-title":"Loss of capacity to recover from acidosis in repeat exercise is strongly associated with fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"53","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00195.2012","article-title":"Cardiac torsion-strain relationships in fatigued primary biliary cirrhosis patients show accelerated ageing: a pilot cross-sectional study","volume":"112","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G764","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00501.2009","article-title":"Impaired cardiovascular function in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"298","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.073478","article-title":"Exercise rapidly increases expression of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 in rat muscle","volume":"561","author":"Coles","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib34","first-page":"E255","article-title":"Effect of high-intensity exercise training on lactate\/H+ transport capacity in human skeletal muscle","volume":"276","author":"Pilegaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000080365.95436.B8","article-title":"Fatigue in MS is related to sympathetic vasomotor dysfunction","volume":"61","author":"Flackenecker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib36","first-page":"893","article-title":"Symptoms associated with orthostatic hypotension in pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy","volume":"246","author":"Mathias","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9090","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1531903100","article-title":"Chronic stress and age related increase in the pro inflammatory cytokine IL-6","volume":"100","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.09.048","article-title":"Interleukin-6 production by contracting human skeletal muscle: autocrine regulation by IL-6","volume":"310","author":"Keller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4065\/80.3.330","article-title":"Evaluation of orthostatic hypotension: relationship of a new self-report instrument to laboratory-based measures","volume":"80","author":"Schrezenmaier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A\u00a0new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-013-0981-4","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with fatty liver and abnormal liver enzymes: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Sookoian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01968.x","article-title":"Case report: oral antioxidant therapy for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Watson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326115000793?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326115000793?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T15:07:04Z","timestamp":1567350424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326115000793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326115000793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding and Treating Fatigue in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2015.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}