{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:00:13Z","timestamp":1768456813850,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","liver.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1507755634000},"page":"39-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Risk Factors for the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease\/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Including Genetics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Huei-Wen","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.020","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008","volume":"9","author":"Younossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study","volume":"140","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults","volume":"34","author":"Vernon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws448","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994","volume":"178","author":"Lazo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-823098","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"24","author":"Brunt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(24)00530-5","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease","volume":"55","author":"Ludwig","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i17.4987","article-title":"NAFLD prevalence differs among Hispanic subgroups: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Fleischman","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.34","article-title":"NAFLD in Asia\u2013as common and important as in the West","volume":"10","author":"Farrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001324","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001324","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies variants associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that have distinct effects on metabolic traits","volume":"7","author":"Speliotes","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12106","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as an independent manifestation of the metabolic syndrome: results of a US national survey in three ethnic groups","volume":"28","author":"Smits","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50161","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Marchesini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00009","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"143","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1682-x","article-title":"Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: sites and mechanisms","volume":"48","author":"Bugianesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib15","first-page":"201","article-title":"Insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"47","author":"Reaven","year":"2005","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.06.001","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2013from insulin resistance to obesity and diabetes","volume":"95","author":"Gallagher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20283","article-title":"Free fatty acids promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a lysosomal pathway","volume":"40","author":"Feldstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116603","article-title":"Interaction between glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in human skeletal muscle","volume":"92","author":"Kelley","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F27","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-11-0374","article-title":"Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer: the insulin and IGF connection","volume":"19","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.554","article-title":"Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines","volume":"168","author":"Zarember","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111708","article-title":"Role and function of macrophages in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"442","author":"Bhargava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091978","article-title":"The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a global perspective","volume":"28","author":"Lazo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2014.06.012","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of individuals without diabetes and hypertension who underwent bariatric surgery: lessons learned about metabolically healthy obese","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.08.010","article-title":"Teen-longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery: methodological features of the first prospective multicenter study of adolescent bariatric surgery","volume":"42","author":"Inge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29068","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and young adults: the next frontier in the epidemic","volume":"65","author":"Doycheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12407","article-title":"Obesity is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23280","article-title":"Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications","volume":"51","author":"Fabbrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.224","article-title":"Relationship between body fat mass and free fatty acid kinetics in men and women","volume":"17","author":"Mittendorfer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-008-9739-9","article-title":"Increased expression and activity of hepatic lipase in the liver of morbidly obese adult patients in relation to lipid content","volume":"19","author":"Pardina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0156","article-title":"Genes involved in fatty acid partitioning and binding, lipolysis, monocyte\/macrophage recruitment, and inflammation are overexpressed in the human fatty liver of insulin-resistant subjects","volume":"56","author":"Westerbacka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30028","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.42.30028","article-title":"Increased levels of nuclear SREBP-1c associated with fatty livers in two mouse models of diabetes mellitus","volume":"274","author":"Shimomura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.23256","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities","volume":"120","author":"Sanyal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1024","article-title":"Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"90","author":"Angelico","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E906","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00117.2003","article-title":"Fatty liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus: relation to regional adiposity, fatty acids, and insulin resistance","volume":"285","author":"Kelley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02482.x","article-title":"Histopathological stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: prevalences and correlated factors","volume":"31","author":"Leite","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1264-3","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia: emerging perspectives","volume":"52","author":"Seto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1358525","article-title":"PNPLA3-associated steatohepatitis: toward a gene-based classification of fatty liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24283","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Sookoian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50256","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050256","article-title":"Genetic variants in PNPLA3 and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Han Chinese population","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-13-113","article-title":"Genetic variant I148M in PNPLA3 is associated with the ultrasonography-determined steatosis degree in a Chinese population","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1294-3","article-title":"Genome-wide scan revealed that polymorphisms in the PNPLA3, SAMM50, and PARVB genes are associated with development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Japan","volume":"132","author":"Kitamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3279-z","article-title":"Role of the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis in Korea","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i6.435","article-title":"Pooled genetic analysis in ultrasound measured non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian subjects: a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Kanth","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.08.037","article-title":"Prevalence of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Hispanic\/Latino individuals differs by heritage","volume":"13","author":"Kallwitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26440","article-title":"Characterization of European ancestry nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated variants in individuals of African and Hispanic descent","volume":"58","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2012.08.005","article-title":"Population-based risk factors for elevated alanine aminotransferase in a South Texas Mexican-American population","volume":"43","author":"Qu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15261","article-title":"PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism associated with hepatic steatosis and advanced fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.137","article-title":"PNPLA3 gene polymorphism is associated with predisposition to and severity of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"110","author":"Salameh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P067454","article-title":"Combined effects of the PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926, and MBOAT7 rs641738 variants on NAFLD severity: a multicenter biopsy-based study","volume":"58","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipid Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E139","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22057","article-title":"Genetic variation in the PNPLA3 gene and hepatocellular carcinoma in USA: risk and prognosis prediction","volume":"52","author":"Hassan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.09.036","article-title":"PNPLA3 rs738409, hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and risk model prediction in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Guyot","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.02.030","article-title":"Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C\u00a0>G polymorphism confers an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.06.016","article-title":"Shifts in dietary carbohydrate-lipid exposure regulate expression of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated gene PNPLA3\/adiponutrin in mouse liver and HepG2 human liver cells","volume":"63","author":"Hao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.05.013","article-title":"Common genetic variants and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Browning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2013.03.007","article-title":"Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis","volume":"102","author":"Naik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1063","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00125.2011","article-title":"PNPLA3 is regulated by glucose in human hepatocytes, and its I148M mutant slows down triglyceride hydrolysis","volume":"302","author":"Perttila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.07.030","article-title":"Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M (rs738409) affects hepatic VLDL secretion in humans and in\u00a0vitro","volume":"57","author":"Pirazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26170","article-title":"Role of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 on lipid-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in rats","volume":"57","author":"Kumashiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-111","article-title":"The I148M PNPLA3 polymorphism influences serum adiponectin in patients with fatty liver and healthy controls","volume":"12","author":"Valenti","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.05.011","article-title":"Adiponectin isoforms, insulin resistance and liver histology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"43","author":"Bianchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.09.003","article-title":"Serum total adiponectin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Polyzos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2901","article-title":"Exome-wide association study identifies a TM6SF2 variant that confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Kozlitina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323785111","article-title":"TM6SF2 is a regulator of liver fat metabolism influencing triglyceride secretion and hepatic lipid droplet content","volume":"111","author":"Mahdessian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2926","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of coding variation identifies a candidate causal variant in TM6SF2 influencing total cholesterol and myocardial infarction risk","volume":"46","author":"Holmen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27490","article-title":"Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 gene variant disentangles nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from cardiovascular disease","volume":"61","author":"Dongiovanni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27556","article-title":"Genetic variation in transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and histological disease severity","volume":"61","author":"Sookoian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5309","article-title":"TM6SF2 rs58542926 influences hepatic fibrosis progression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.038","article-title":"TM6SF2: catch-22 in the fight against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease?","volume":"148","author":"Kahali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-008-0298-2","article-title":"Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids as inducers of apoptosis: implications for cancer","volume":"14","author":"Serini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.053850","article-title":"Apoptosis: a mechanism of acute and chronic liver injury","volume":"54","author":"Guicciardi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.032","article-title":"The MBOAT7-TMC4 variant rs641738 increases risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals of European descent","volume":"150","author":"Mancina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3417","article-title":"A\u00a0genome-wide association study confirms PNPLA3 and identifies TM6SF2 and MBOAT7 as risk loci for alcohol-related cirrhosis","volume":"47","author":"Buch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12757","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12757","article-title":"MBOAT7 rs641738 increases risk of liver inflammation and transition to fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"7","author":"Thabet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29064","article-title":"The MBOAT7 variant rs641738 increases inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"65","author":"Thabet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00159-5","article-title":"Early genes induced in hepatic stellate cells during wound healing","volume":"195","author":"Lalazar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.16.9500","article-title":"Zf9, a Kruppel-like transcription factor up-regulated in\u00a0vivo during early hepatic fibrosis","volume":"95","author":"Ratziu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.04.004","article-title":"The Kruppel-like factor 6 genotype is associated with fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"135","author":"Miele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33750","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.50.33750","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of transforming growth factor beta1 and its receptors by the Kruppel-like factor Zf9\/core promoter-binding protein and Sp1. Potential mechanisms for autocrine fibrogenesis in response to injury","volume":"273","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24793","article-title":"Glucokinase links Kruppel-like factor 6 to the regulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"55","author":"Bechmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2644-8","article-title":"Regulation of insulin sensitivity by serine\/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate proteins IRS1 and IRS2","volume":"55","author":"Copps","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0869","article-title":"Insulin receptor substrate-1 deficiency promotes apoptosis in the putative intestinal crypt stem cell region, limits Apcmin\/+ tumors, and regulates Sox9","volume":"149","author":"Ramocki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412300200","article-title":"Human insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) polymorphism G972R causes IRS-1 to associate with the insulin receptor and inhibit receptor autophosphorylation","volume":"280","author":"McGettrick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.190801","article-title":"Genetic variants regulating insulin receptor signalling are associated with the severity of liver damage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Dongiovanni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00246.x","article-title":"Transgenic mice overexpressing human G972R IRS-1 show impaired insulin action and insulin secretion","volume":"12","author":"Hribal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32832fcdf0","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an adult population in Spain","volume":"22","author":"Caballeria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China","volume":"50","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1178-8","article-title":"Increase in the prevalence of fatty liver in Japan over the past 12 years: analysis of clinical background","volume":"38","author":"Kojima","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i18.5695","article-title":"Prevalence of fatty liver disease and the economy in China: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12619","article-title":"High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Chinese - results from the Hong Kong liver health census","volume":"35","author":"Fung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12290","article-title":"Epidemiological survey and risk factor analysis of fatty liver disease of adult residents, Beijing, China","volume":"28","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12428","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mainland of China: a meta-analysis of published studies","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23567","article-title":"Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07222.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian people who are not obese","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20554","article-title":"Racial and ethnic distribution of nonalcoholic fatty liver in persons with newly diagnosed chronic liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Weston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.161885","article-title":"Weight gain within the normal weight range predicts ultrasonographically detected fatty liver in healthy Korean men","volume":"58","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-3-27","article-title":"Clinical and histological features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Iranian patients","volume":"3","author":"Bahrami","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.11.017","article-title":"Influence of ethnicity on histological differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"50","author":"Mohanty","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.06.011","article-title":"Metabolic and adipokine profile of Chinese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2014.952014","article-title":"Thyroid function is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid subjects","volume":"40","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.02.542","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with liver disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Chou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038322","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of the human PNPLA3 gene are strongly associated with severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese","volume":"7","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2012.0064","article-title":"Genetic variation in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA-3) gene in Asian Indians with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-012-1141-y","article-title":"A\u00a0multi-ethnic study of a PNPLA3 gene variant and its association with disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"131","author":"Zain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.476","article-title":"The effect of PNPLA3 on fibrosis progression and development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Singal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22350","article-title":"Visceral fat: a key mediator of steatohepatitis in metabolic liver disease","volume":"48","author":"van der Poorten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.318","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic characterization of lean Caucasian subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"112","author":"Feldman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.17.2253","article-title":"Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American and white adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study","volume":"283","author":"Brancati","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.23.2847","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002","volume":"291","author":"Hedley","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib110","first-page":"7","article-title":"Hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors among Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puerto Ricans from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"111","author":"Crespo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2014","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008","volume":"303","author":"Flegal","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S12353","article-title":"Racial differences in diabetes-related psychosocial factors and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Hausmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000177314.65824.4d","article-title":"Decreased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in black obese children","volume":"41","author":"Louthan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.4","article-title":"Correlates and heritability of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a minority cohort","volume":"17","author":"Wagenknecht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i11.1586","article-title":"Burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in a Texas Hispanic community cohort","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.12","article-title":"The histologic spectrum of liver disease in African-American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic obesity surgery patients","volume":"104","author":"Kallwitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i5.274","article-title":"Gender and racial differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22726","article-title":"Ethnic differences in hepatic steatosis: an insulin resistance paradox?","volume":"49","author":"Guerrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02444.x","article-title":"Association of PNPLA3 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a minority cohort: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study","volume":"31","author":"Wagenknecht","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30185","article-title":"Increased hepatic fat in overweight Hispanic youth influenced by interaction between genetic variation in PNPLA3 and high dietary carbohydrate and sugar consumption","volume":"92","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00008","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"126","author":"Sheth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2005.09.007","article-title":"The characteristics and natural history of Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20426","article-title":"Racial differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the U.S. population","volume":"22","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3182779d49","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean individuals in the United States","volume":"91","author":"Younossi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23784","article-title":"Clinical, laboratory and histological associations in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"52","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2743-5","article-title":"Predictors of all-cause mortality and liver-related mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"58","author":"Stepanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24097","article-title":"Gender-specific differences in adipose distribution and adipocytokines influence adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Ayonrinde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.924","article-title":"The roles of obesity and gender on the relationship between metabolic risk factors and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Koreans","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0090","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: adipocytokines and visceral adipose tissue\u2013emerging role in intestinal and mesenteric diseases","volume":"2","author":"Schaffler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05366.x","article-title":"Waist circumference correlates with hepatic fat accumulation in male Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but not in females","volume":"23","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02543.x","article-title":"Effects of HRT on liver enzyme levels in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"McKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0640-8","article-title":"Evidence that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome are associated by necessity rather than chance: a novel hepato-ovarian axis?","volume":"51","author":"Targher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew076","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance and lipid accumulation product in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Macut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13241","article-title":"Adverse metabolic phenotype of adolescent girls with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease plus polycystic ovary syndrome compared with other girls and boys","volume":"31","author":"Ayonrinde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib135","first-page":"725","article-title":"The clinical characteristics and etiological study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese women with PCOS","volume":"11","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2174\/157016112799305012","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: pathogenesis and treatment options","volume":"10","author":"Tziomalos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0870","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases liver fat content in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial employing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"94","author":"Cussons","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v4.i3.64","article-title":"Cardiometabolic health among gastric bypass surgery patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Gomez-Meade","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326117300697?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326117300697?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T09:26:35Z","timestamp":1750929995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326117300697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326117300697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk Factors for the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease\/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Including Genetics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}