{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:27:01Z","timestamp":1790263621353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T19:34:02Z","timestamp":1530732842000},"page":"429-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Changes in the Epidemiology of Primary Biliary Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Lleo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Colapietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28140","article-title":"Changing nomenclature for PBC: from 'cirrhosis' to 'cholangitis'","volume":"62","author":"Beuers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.022","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: the diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9830-1","article-title":"Primary biliary cholangitis: a comprehensive overview","volume":"11","author":"Lleo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000440754","article-title":"Geoepidemiology, genetic and environmental risk factors for PBC","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"5630","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1126\/science.301.5630.163","article-title":"Epidemiology. The epidemiologist's dream: Denmark","volume":"301","author":"Frank","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.10.025","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Boonstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20197","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis in a US community","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.4.830","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England","volume":"26","author":"Metcalf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12479","article-title":"Geoepidemiology and space-time analysis of primary biliary cirrhosis in Crete, Greece","volume":"34","author":"Koulentaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.6.927","article-title":"Low prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne Liver Group","volume":"36","author":"Watson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120116","article-title":"The demography of primary biliary cirrhosis in Ontario, Canada","volume":"12","author":"Witt-Sullivan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib12","first-page":"622","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in Brunei Darussalam","volume":"9","author":"Chong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib13","first-page":"24","article-title":"A\u00a0cross-sectional study of primary biliary cirrhosis in Japan: utilization of clinical data when patients applied to receive public financial aid","volume":"15","author":"Sakauchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2017.43","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of primary biliary cholangitis in the Chinese: a territory-based study in Hong Kong between 2000 and 2015","volume":"8","author":"Cheung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13448","article-title":"Population-based epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in South Korea","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20907","article-title":"Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients","volume":"42","author":"Gershwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300213","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis once rare, now common in the United Kingdom?","volume":"30","author":"James","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.064","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia: high prevalence in migrant populations","volume":"127","author":"Sood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"276","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib19","first-page":"377","article-title":"The epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in north-east England: an increasingly common disease?","volume":"75","author":"Myszor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.29760","article-title":"The geographical distribution of primary biliary cirrhosis in a well-defined cohort","volume":"34","author":"Prince","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6243","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6243.772","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: an epidemiological study","volume":"281","author":"Triger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21076","article-title":"Increased prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis near Superfund toxic waste sites","volume":"43","author":"Ala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.01025.x","article-title":"The influence of patient and doctor gender on diagnosing coronary heart disease","volume":"30","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270303","article-title":"Characterization of antimitochondrial antibodies in healthy adults","volume":"27","author":"Mattalia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib25","first-page":"124","article-title":"A\u00a0study of antimitochondrial antibodies in a random population in Estonia","volume":"92","author":"Turchany","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22178","article-title":"Mortality attributable to cholestatic liver disease in the United States","volume":"47","author":"Mendes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25906","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25906","article-title":"Evolving trends in female to male incidence and male mortality of primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"6","author":"Lleo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib28","article-title":"Factors associated with prevalence and treatment of primary biliary cholangitis in United States health systems","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.12.005","article-title":"Sex and age are determinants of the clinical phenotype of primary biliary cirrhosis and response to ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"144","author":"Carbone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.14.3.213","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in twin sisters","volume":"14","author":"Chohan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.044","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in genetically identical twins","volume":"127","author":"Freeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.005","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment","volume":"127","author":"Selmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80444-8","article-title":"Prevalence of familial disease in primary biliary cirrhosis in Italy","volume":"26","author":"Floreani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80097-X","article-title":"Familial primary biliary cirrhosis reassessed: a geographically-based population study","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.019","article-title":"Demographic, lifestyle, medical and familial factors associated with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"53","author":"Corpechot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2012.17","article-title":"Classical HLA-DRB1 and DPB1 alleles account for HLA associations with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2395","article-title":"Dense fine-mapping study identifies new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24630","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M levels inversely correlate with CD40 ligand promoter methylation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"55","author":"Lleo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-015-0098-9","article-title":"DNA methylation profiling of the X chromosome reveals an aberrant demethylation on CXCR3 promoter in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"7","author":"Lleo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"9408","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15541-4","article-title":"Frequency of monosomy X in women with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"363","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21696","article-title":"Preferential X chromosome loss but random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Miozzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.03.005","article-title":"Female predominance and X chromosome defects in autoimmune diseases","volume":"33","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"J187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.11.012","article-title":"The X chromosome and immune associated genes","volume":"38","author":"Bianchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1423.007","article-title":"The X chromosome in female-predominant autoimmune diseases","volume":"1110","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-5-3","article-title":"Influence of sex differences on microRNA gene regulation in disease","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol sex differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib46","first-page":"118","article-title":"Role of X-Chromosome encoded miRNAs in Autoimmunity: Suppressing the suppressor and Female Predisposition","volume":"3","author":"Hewagama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol Curr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1544","article-title":"Validation of the intact rat weanling uterotrophic assay with notes on the formulation and analysis of the positive control chemical in vehicle","volume":"30","author":"Tyl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/237860","article-title":"Validation of coding algorithms for the identification of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis using administrative data","volume":"24","author":"Myers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.05.013","article-title":"Validation of CKD and related conditions in existing data sets: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Grams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2009.10.007","article-title":"Developmental validation of the PowerPlex 16 HS System: an improved 16-locus fluorescent STR multiplex","volume":"4","author":"Ensenberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq180","article-title":"Identification and validation of the pathways and functions regulated by the orphan nuclear receptor, ROR alpha1, in skeletal muscle","volume":"38","author":"Raichur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/752314","article-title":"Infectious agents and xenobiotics in the etiology of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"29","author":"Selmi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis markers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.07.011","article-title":"Heritability versus the role of the environment in autoimmunity","volume":"39","author":"Selmi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.12.007","article-title":"Environment and primary biliary cirrhosis: electrophilic drugs and the induction of AMA","volume":"41","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20788","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgG3 antibodies cross-reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic","volume":"42","author":"Bogdanos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198301063080101","article-title":"The prognostic importance of clinical and histologic features in asymptomatic and symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"308","author":"Roll","year":"1983","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02366.x","article-title":"A\u00a035-year follow-up of a large cohort of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis seen at a single centre","volume":"31","author":"Floreani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.023937","article-title":"Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis: clinical features, prognosis, and symptom progression in a large population based cohort","volume":"53","author":"Prince","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.009","article-title":"The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on the natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"128","author":"Corpechot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.029","article-title":"Excellent long-term survival in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"130","author":"Pares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.031","article-title":"Early primary biliary cirrhosis: biochemical response to treatment and prediction of long-term outcome","volume":"55","author":"Corpechot","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22428","article-title":"Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Corpechot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28932","article-title":"Long-term clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of obeticholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"65","author":"Samur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290603","article-title":"Ten-year survival in ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The UDCA-PBC Study Group","volume":"29","author":"Poupon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib65","first-page":"266","article-title":"Increased cancer risk in a large population-based cohort of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: follow-up for up to 36 years","volume":"8","author":"Boonstra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.440","article-title":"Major hepatic complications in ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with primary biliary cholangitis: risk factors and time trends in incidence and outcome","volume":"113","author":"Harms","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308351","article-title":"Stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in primary biliary cirrhosis: a multicentre international study","volume":"65","author":"Trivedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26176","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: national data from Japan","volume":"57","author":"Harada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8483-x","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Rong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib70","first-page":"41","article-title":"Personalized medicine and the need for decision support systems","volume":"186","author":"Denecke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00927.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"4","author":"Triger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Liver"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528509089711","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in a defined population in Sweden","volume":"20","author":"Lofgren","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509093292","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in Estonia. With special reference to incidence, prevalence, clinical features, and outcome","volume":"30","author":"Remmel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166284","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population","volume":"33","author":"Boberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520701396034","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of primary biliary cirrhosis are increasing in Finland","volume":"42","author":"Rautiainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23210","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis in a Canadian health region: a population-based study","volume":"50","author":"Myers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-100","article-title":"Prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in adults referring hospital for annual health check-up in Southern China","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810440","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLA, IL12A, and IL12RB2 variants","volume":"360","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.627","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analyses identify three loci associated with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.789","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies 12 new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Mells","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.08.010","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies TNFSF15 and POU2AF1 as susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis in the Japanese population","volume":"91","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5209","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds359","article-title":"Immunochip analyses identify a novel risk locus for primary biliary cirrhosis at 13q14, multiple independent associations at four established risk loci and epistasis between 1p31 and 7q32 risk variants","volume":"21","author":"Juran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326118300266?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326118300266?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T20:32:53Z","timestamp":1530736373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326118300266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326118300266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes in the Epidemiology of Primary Biliary Cholangitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2018.03.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}