{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:15:11Z","timestamp":1790054111341,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]],"date-time":"2019-03-02T01:25:21Z","timestamp":1551489921000},"page":"331-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Sarcoidosis and the Liver"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Manoj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970335","article-title":"Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Judson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib2","series-title":"Illustrations of clinical surgery vol. 1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Case of livid papillary psoriasis","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1875"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib3","first-page":"543","article-title":"Multiple benign sarcoid of the skin","volume":"17","author":"Boeck","year":"1899","journal-title":"Journal of cutaneous and genitourinary diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib4","first-page":"29","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: epidemiology and prognosis. A 15-year European study","volume":"130","author":"Hillerdal","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009096","article-title":"Racial differences in sarcoidosis incidence: a 5-year study in a health maintenance organization","volume":"145","author":"Rybicki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114313","article-title":"The epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Rochester, Minnesota: a population-based study of incidence and survival","volume":"123","author":"Henke","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib7","first-page":"46","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in Denmark 1980\u20131994. A registry-based incidence study comprising 5536 patients","volume":"20","author":"Byg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00197808","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcoidosis in Switzerland is associated with environmental factors","volume":"35","author":"Deubelbeiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib9","first-page":"3","article-title":"The frequency, clinical picture and prognosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis in Finland","volume":"503","author":"Selroos","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib10","first-page":"55","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis recorded in 2006\u20132010 in the Silesian voivodeship on the basis of routine medical reporting","volume":"21","author":"Kowalska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071714","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"357","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2104046","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis","volume":"164","author":"Baughman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000223911.85739.38","article-title":"Natural history of hepatic sarcoidosis and its response to treatment","volume":"18","author":"Kennedy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-006-0004-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic sarcoidosis","volume":"9","author":"Ayyala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018874612166","article-title":"Diffuse intrahepatic biliary strictures in sarcoidosis resembling sclerosing cholangitis: case report and review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Alam","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90396-4","article-title":"Chronic intrahepatic cholestasis of sarcoidosis","volume":"59","author":"Rudzki","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2012.08.005","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"32","author":"Culver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262208","article-title":"Immunologic response of sarcoidosis","volume":"31","author":"Zissel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib20","series-title":"2010 Current medical diagnosis and treatment","article-title":"Pulmonary disorders","author":"Chesnutt","year":"2010"},{"issue":"32 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.18s320056","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: clinical update","volume":"18","author":"Costabel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16d31.x","article-title":"Genetic aspects in sarcoidosis","volume":"16","author":"Luisetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2007056","article-title":"Results from a genome-wide search for predisposing genes in sarcoidosis","volume":"164","author":"Schurmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364235","article-title":"Genome-wide search for sarcoidosis susceptibility genes in African Americans","volume":"6","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.9704069","article-title":"HLA-DR predicts the prognosis in Scandinavian patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"156","author":"Berlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1086\/378097","article-title":"HLA-DRB1*1101: a significant risk factor for sarcoidosis in blacks and whites","volume":"73","author":"Rossman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1519","article-title":"Sarcoidosis is associated with a truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2","volume":"37","author":"Valentonyte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.198","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies ANXA11 as a new susceptibility locus for sarcoidosis","volume":"40","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036255","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis","volume":"5","author":"Bresnitz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1527","article-title":"Occupational risk factors for sarcoidosis in African-American siblings","volume":"123","author":"Kucera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.6.420","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the Isle of Man\u20141: a case controlled study","volume":"42","author":"Parkes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb18540.x","article-title":"Possible risk factors for sarcoidosis: a case-control study","volume":"465","author":"Bresnitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121316","article-title":"Hospital, age, racial, occupational, geographical, clinical, and survivorship characteristics in the epidemiology of sarcoidosis","volume":"94","author":"Keller","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-249OC","article-title":"A\u00a0case control etiologic study of sarcoidosis: environmental and occupational risk factors","volume":"170","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040429","article-title":"Mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase is a tissue antigen and target of the adaptive immune response in systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"201","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.198-204.2002","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of mycobacterial and propionibacterial DNA in lymph nodes of Japanese and European patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"40","author":"Eishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0170285","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170285","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of Kveim reagent identifies targets of cellular immunity in sarcoidosis","volume":"12","author":"Eberhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0696OC","article-title":"Serum amyloid A regulates granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis through Toll-like receptor-2","volume":"181","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib39","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hepatobiliary disease in sarcoidosis","volume":"23","author":"Kahi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib40","first-page":"73","article-title":"Course of asymptomatic liver involvement in sarcoidosis: role of therapy in selected cases","volume":"14","author":"Vatti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evandro Sobroza Mello, Venancio Avancini Ferreira Alves. Hepatic granulomas. Practical Hepatic Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach, 2011.p. 291\u2013302","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06803-4.00022-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2001.051","article-title":"Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in granulomatous hepatitis: report of four cases and review of the literature","volume":"56","author":"Tjwa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5065","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i40.5065","article-title":"Hepatic lipogranulomas in patients with chronic liver disease: association with hepatitis C and fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31983-0","article-title":"Hepatic sarcoidosis","volume":"5","author":"Karagiannidis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib45","first-page":"831","article-title":"Value of liver biopsy in sarcoidosis","volume":"108","author":"Hercules","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70108-2","article-title":"Hepatic granulomas and hepatic sarcoidosis","volume":"4","author":"Valla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199010000-00014","article-title":"Small bile duct abnormalities in sarcoidosis","volume":"12","author":"Murphy","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib48","first-page":"783","article-title":"Granulomatous biliary tract obstruction due to sarcoidosis","volume":"117","author":"Bloom","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib49","first-page":"527","article-title":"Biliary tract obstruction due to sarcoidosis: a case report","volume":"92","author":"Rezeig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197009000-00002","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and chronic hepatic disease: a clinical and pathologic study of 20 patients","volume":"49","author":"Maddrey","year":"1970","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib51","first-page":"531","article-title":"Hepatic sarcoidosis with portal hypertension. A report of seven cases with a review of the literature","volume":"63","author":"Valla","year":"1987","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318247106b","article-title":"Disseminated sarcoidosis presenting as granulomatous gastritis: a clinical review of the gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of sarcoidosis","volume":"46","author":"Dulai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-61-3-455","article-title":"The fever of sarcoidosis","volume":"61","author":"Nolan","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib54","series-title":"Sarcoidosis","first-page":"7","article-title":"Clinical aspects of sarcoidosis","author":"Israel","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260304","article-title":"The role of granulomatous phlebitis and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension in sarcoidosis","volume":"26","author":"Moreno-Merlo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib56","first-page":"71","article-title":"Budd-Chiari syndrome in sarcoidosis","volume":"81","author":"Russi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32834c7b71","article-title":"Liver-test abnormalities in sarcoidosis","volume":"24","author":"Cremers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2003.03335.x","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of sarcoid liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Blich","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05707.x","article-title":"Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: cirrhosis secondary to hepatic sarcoidosis","volume":"23","author":"Malhotra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib60","first-page":"124","article-title":"Sarcoidosis complicated by cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916327","article-title":"Liver failure in an antimitochondrial antibody-positive patient with sarcoidosis: primary biliary cirrhosis or hepatic sarcoidosis?","volume":"25","author":"Stanca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000157577.69729.e6","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: analysis of 68 cases","volume":"84","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22339","article-title":"Outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatic sarcoidosis: an analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing\/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data files for a comparative study with cholestatic liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Vanatta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.231","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of hepatic sarcoidosis: a population-based study 1976\u20132013","volume":"112","author":"Ungprasert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328902600102","article-title":"Serum angiotensin converting enzyme in sarcoidosis\u2014its value in present clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"Studdy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.1.8208972","article-title":"Abdominal CT findings in sarcoidosis: radiologic and clinical correlation","volume":"192","author":"Warshauer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.14.6.7855342","article-title":"Diffuse disease of the liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"14","author":"Mergo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-015-0533-6","article-title":"Imaging of hepatobiliary involvement in sarcoidosis","volume":"40","author":"Karaosmano\u011flu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2014.14210","article-title":"Abdominal sarcoidosis: cross-sectional imaging findings","volume":"21","author":"Gezer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283541626","article-title":"Therapeutic approach of hepatic sarcoidosis","volume":"18","author":"Cremers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib71","first-page":"87","article-title":"Hepatic sarcoidosis","volume":"1","author":"Tadros","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01075.x","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis\u2013from a basic science point of view","volume":"253","author":"Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.1.165","article-title":"Sarcoidosis. Usual and unusual manifestations","volume":"94","author":"Baughman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20060094","article-title":"Steroid-resistant sarcoidosis: is antagonism of TNF-alpha the answer?","volume":"112","author":"Denys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib75","first-page":"312","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"70","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018816214640","article-title":"Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on chronic intrahepatic cholestasis due to sarcoidosis","volume":"42","author":"Becheur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-1300-2","article-title":"Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on granulomatous liver disease due to sarcoidosis","volume":"50","author":"Alenezi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005560927060","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in abdominal sarcoidosis","volume":"45","author":"Baratta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36088","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestatic liver disease: mechanisms of action and therapeutic use revisited","volume":"36","author":"Paumgartner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib80","first-page":"349","article-title":"Sarcoidosis of the liver: to treat or not to treat?","volume":"70","author":"Bakker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib81","first-page":"147","article-title":"Methotrexate for sarcoidosis","volume":"15","author":"Baughman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.1064","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis with infliximab","volume":"127","author":"Doty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28966","article-title":"Anti-TNF-\u1fb3 for necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis of the liver","volume":"65","author":"Sebode","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2016.02.005","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation for hepatic sarcoidosis: a single center experience","volume":"6","author":"Bilal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20626","article-title":"Recurrent hepatic sarcoidosis post-liver transplantation manifesting with severe hypercalcemia: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Cengiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326118301168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326118301168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T17:57:16Z","timestamp":1761069436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326118301168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326118301168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sarcoidosis and the Liver","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}