{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:41:00Z","timestamp":1780638060600,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"AGAUR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T04:14:47Z","timestamp":1615522487000},"page":"345-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment of Acute Variceal Bleeding in 2021\u2014When to Use Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Baiges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Magaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Turon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Gea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.022","article-title":"Faculty. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"De Franchis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00420-8","article-title":"Incidence and natural history of small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients","volume":"38","author":"Merli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.51","article-title":"Management of varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.024","article-title":"Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis","volume":"133","author":"Ripoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.08.011","article-title":"Predicting early mortality after acute variceal hemorrhage based on classification and regression tree analysis","volume":"7","author":"Augustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.313","article-title":"The effectiveness of current acute variceal bleed treatments in unselected cirrhotic patients: refining short-term prognosis and risk factors","volume":"107","author":"Amitrano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.024","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"69","author":"Angeli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92708-5","article-title":"Early administration of terlipressin plus glyceryl trinitrate to control active upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients","volume":"346","author":"Levacher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27006","article-title":"Lack of difference among terlipressin, somatostatin, and octreotide in the control of acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage","volume":"60","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290608","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Bernard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211801","article-title":"Transfusion for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"368","author":"Villanueva","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906","article-title":"Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"65","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912484","article-title":"Timing of endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"382","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.07.038","article-title":"Delayed endoscopy increases re-bleeding and mortality in patients with hematemesis and active esophageal variceal bleeding: a cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.01.013","article-title":"Optimal endoscopy timing according to the severity of underlying liver disease in patients with acute variceal bleeding","volume":"51","author":"Huh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.09.043","article-title":"Effect of erythromycin before endoscopy in patients presenting with variceal bleeding: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Altraif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l536","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l536","article-title":"Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"364","author":"Stanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01536031","article-title":"Efficacy of balloon tamponade in treatment of bleeding gastric and esophageal varices. Results in 151 consecutive episodes","volume":"33","author":"Pan\u00e9s","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409104188","article-title":"Balloon tamponade technique and efficacy in variceal haemorrhage","volume":"207","author":"Avgerinos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28360","article-title":"Esophageal balloon tamponade versus esophageal stent in controlling acute refractory variceal bleeding: a multicenter randomized, controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Escorsell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib21","first-page":"332","article-title":"The treatment of portal hypertension: a meta-analytic review","volume":"22","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00238-0","article-title":"Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: is it really life-saving?","volume":"35","author":"Bosch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30418","article-title":"TIPS versus drug therapy in preventing variceal rebleeding in advanced cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Escorsell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00185-4","article-title":"Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for uncontrolled variceal bleeding in patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Azoulay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.075_c.x","article-title":"Urgent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for control of acute variceal bleeding","volume":"93","author":"Ba\u00f1ares","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80320-6","article-title":"Factors related to early mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for failed endoscopic therapy in acute variceal bleeding","volume":"28","author":"Patch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.10.020","article-title":"Clinical states of cirrhosis and competing risks","volume":"68","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3528(97)90038-5","article-title":"Natural history. Clinical-haemodynamic correlations. Prediction of the risk of bleeding","volume":"11","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"1997","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0910102","article-title":"Early use of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding","volume":"362","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20386","article-title":"Influence of portal hypertension and its early decompression by TIPS placement on the outcome of variceal bleeding","volume":"40","author":"Monescillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib31","first-page":"587","article-title":"Early TIPS with covered stents versus standard treatment for acute variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a randomised controlled trial. lancet","volume":"4","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.08.020","article-title":"Use of early-TIPS for high-risk variceal bleeding: results of a post-RCT surveillance study","volume":"58","author":"Garcia-Pag\u00e1n","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30182","article-title":"Preemptive-TIPS improves outcome in high-risk variceal bleeding: an observational study","volume":"69","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Gea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.09.002","article-title":"Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension-related bleeding and an indication for early-TIPS: a large multicentre audit with real-life results","volume":"68","author":"Thabut","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317057","article-title":"Identifying optimal candidates for early TIPS among patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding: a multicentre observational study","volume":"68","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.04.042","article-title":"Multicenter external validation of risk stratification criteria for patients with variceal bleeding","volume":"16","author":"Conejo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.026","article-title":"Effects of early placement of transjugular portosystemic shunts in patients with high-risk acute variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"160","author":"Nicoar\u0103-Farc\u0103u","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28318","article-title":"Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus endoscopic therapy\u00a0+ beta-blocker for prevention of variceal rebleeding","volume":"63","author":"Holster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.011","article-title":"Prevention of rebleeding from esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis receiving small-diameter stents versus hemodynamically controlled medical therapy","volume":"149","author":"Sauerbruch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57399","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18143","article-title":"Combination therapy versus pharmacotherapy, endoscopic variceal ligation, or the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt alone in the secondary prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29267","article-title":"Stratifying risk in the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: results of an individual patient meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Albillos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250209","article-title":"Risk factors for hemorrhage from gastric fundal varices","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160607","article-title":"Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a long-term follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients","volume":"16","author":"Sarin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02965.x","article-title":"Review article: recent advances in the management of bleeding gastric varices","volume":"24","author":"Tripathi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31660-9","article-title":"Esophageal tamponade for bleeding varices. Controlled trial between the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube and the Linton-Nachlas tube","volume":"75","author":"Ter\u00e9s","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200209000-00005","article-title":"Endoscopic sclerotherapy of gastric variceal bleeding with N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate","volume":"35","author":"Dhiman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0940-1","article-title":"Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy versus N-Butyl-2 Cyanoacrylate injection in the management of actively bleeding esophageal varices: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Elsebaey","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1127-3170","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective, randomized trial of thrombin versus cyanoacrylate injection in the control of acute gastric variceal hemorrhage","volume":"52","author":"Lo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966591","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective, randomized controlled trial of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus cyanoacrylate injection in the prevention of gastric variceal rebleeding","volume":"39","author":"Lo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1346-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices with lauromacrogol foam sclerotherapy: initial experience","volume":"43","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00928.x","article-title":"Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of high risk gastric fundal varices","volume":"94","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1660795","article-title":"Endovascular treatment for variceal hemorrhage: TIPS, BRTO, and combined approaches","volume":"35","author":"Lipnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13248","article-title":"Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for treatment of gastric varices due to portal hypertension: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001705","article-title":"The combination of balloon-assisted antegrade transvenous obliteration and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of cardiofundal varices hemorrhage","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283470fea","article-title":"Ectopic varices in portal hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Etik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2013.02.004","article-title":"Ectopic varices: anatomical classification, hemodynamic classification, and hemodynamic-based management","volume":"16","author":"Saad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.06.024","article-title":"Bleeding ectopic varices\u2014treatment with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) and embolisation","volume":"41","author":"Vangeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-004-0346-4","article-title":"Usefulness of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the management of bleeding ectopic varices in cirrhotic patients","volume":"29","author":"Vidal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03719.x","article-title":"Bleeding ectopic varices in cirrhosis: the role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts","volume":"28","author":"Kochar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i4.231","article-title":"Portal hypertensive gastropathy: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, natural history and therapy","volume":"8","author":"Gjeorgjievski","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90458-D","article-title":"Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis","volume":"99","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-007-0048-5","article-title":"Treatment of gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Ripoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03694.x","article-title":"Effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt formation on portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric circulation","volume":"96","author":"Mezawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib64","first-page":"584","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stenting in portal hypertensive gastropathy","volume":"19","author":"Ashraf","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00571.x","article-title":"The effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on portal hypertensive gastropathy","volume":"13","author":"Urata","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70176-4","article-title":"Gastric mucosal responses to intrahepatic portosystemic shunting in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"118","author":"Kamath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001_bib67","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in the management of portal hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Tripathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326121000015?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326121000015?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T17:57:14Z","timestamp":1761069434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326121000015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326121000015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment of Acute Variceal Bleeding in 2021\u2014When to Use Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}