{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:24:48Z","timestamp":1790267088866,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1692977181000},"page":"51-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Aparna","family":"Goel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23584","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Manns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31065","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 practice guidance and Guidelines from the American association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"72","author":"Mack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12592","article-title":"Review article: the prevention and reversal of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"39","author":"Czaja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib4","unstructured":"Early treatment response predicts the need for liver transplantation in autoimmune hepatitis - Tan - 2005 - Liver International - Wiley Online Library. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01121.x. Accessed April 20, 2023."},{"issue":"7806","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92125-9","article-title":"Controlled trial of prednisone and azathioprine in active chronic hepatitis","volume":"301","author":"Murray-Lyon","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib6","first-page":"2068","article-title":"Predniso(lo)ne dosage and chance of remission in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"17","author":"Pape","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.046","article-title":"Budesonide induces remission more effectively than prednisone in a controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"139","author":"Manns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.10.004","article-title":"Characterisation and utility of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite measurements in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Hindorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9336-5","article-title":"Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency and azathioprine intolerance in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Czaja","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32485","article-title":"Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"35","author":"Czaja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.023","article-title":"Transient elastography in autoimmune hepatitis: timing determines the impact of inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"65","author":"Hartl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13508","article-title":"Evaluation of transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.020","article-title":"Usefulness of biochemical remission and transient elastography in monitoring disease course in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"68","author":"Hartl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.037","article-title":"Treatment options for autoimmune hepatitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"53","author":"Lamers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.12.070","article-title":"Steroid free treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in selected children","volume":"207","author":"Wehrman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib16","first-page":"712","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of children and young adults with autoimmune hepatitis treated with cyclosporine","volume":"51","author":"Nastasio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis Off J Ital Soc Gastroenterol Ital Assoc Study Liver"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib17","first-page":"993","article-title":"Tacrolimus without or with the addition of conventional immunosuppressive treatment in juvenile autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"101","author":"Marlaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Oslo Nor 1992"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.032","article-title":"Mycophenolate for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: prospective assessment of its efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission in a large cohort of treatment-na\u00efve patients","volume":"55","author":"Zachou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13584","article-title":"A\u00a0real-world study focused on the long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil as first-line treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Zachou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib20","first-page":"1036","article-title":"A\u00a0single center review of the use of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"6","author":"Hlivko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798602","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.798602","article-title":"First results from a propensity matching trial of mycophenolate mofetil vs. Azathioprine in treatment-naive AIH patients","volume":"12","author":"Dalekos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23924","article-title":"Application of the 2010 American Association for the study of liver diseases criteria of remission to a cohort of Italian patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Muratori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.02.026","article-title":"Rapidity of treatment response and outcome in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Czaja","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib24","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Rapid response to treatment of autoimmune hepatitis associated with remission at 6 and 12\u00a0months","volume":"18","author":"Pape","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27983","article-title":"Prediction of short- and long-term outcome in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"62","author":"Kirstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0179074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179074","article-title":"Hyperferritinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia predict the treatment response to standard therapy in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Taubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15157","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: mycophenolate mofetil as a second-line therapy for autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"49","author":"Santiago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001019","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of second-line immunosuppressants for autoimmune hepatitis treatment","volume":"30","author":"De Lemos-Bonotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib29","first-page":"1950","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus as second-line therapy for patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Efe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1551498","article-title":"A\u00a0review of the utility of tacrolimus in the management of adults with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"54","author":"Hanouneh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2151-2","article-title":"Advances in the current treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Czaja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.06.016","article-title":"Use of sirolimus in the treatment of refractory autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"127","author":"Chatrath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.10.005","article-title":"Efficacy of rituximab in difficult-to-manage autoimmune hepatitis: results from the international autoimmune hepatitis group","volume":"1","author":"Than","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep Innov Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.018","article-title":"Patient selection based on treatment duration and liver biochemistry increases success rates after treatment withdrawal in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"62","author":"Hartl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101325","article-title":"Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to aid clinical decision making in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"46","author":"Heneghan","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25375","article-title":"Recurrent and de novo autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Stirnimann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.04.004","article-title":"Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis and auto-immune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Visseren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24323","article-title":"Longterm corticosteroid use after liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis is safe and associated with a lower incidence of recurrent disease","volume":"22","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2007.00628.x","article-title":"The impact of disease recurrence on graft survival following liver transplantation: a single centre experience","volume":"21","author":"Rowe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl Int"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326123000818?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326123000818?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:01:28Z","timestamp":1761069688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326123000818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326123000818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2023.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}