{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:22:26Z","timestamp":1787235746386,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T07:30:38Z","timestamp":1747899038000},"page":"431-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bacterial Infections Involving the Liver"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Koff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maricar","family":"Malinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(73)90010-X","article-title":"Intra-abdominal abscesses","volume":"125","author":"Altemeier","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.12.797","article-title":"Liver abscess in adults: ten years experience in a UK centre","volume":"95","author":"Mohsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1089\/109629600321254","article-title":"Pyogenic liver abscess","volume":"1","author":"Zibari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00088-9","article-title":"Microbiology of liver abscesses and the predictive value of abscess gram stain and associated blood cultures","volume":"46","author":"Chemaly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70120-3","article-title":"Pyogenic liver abscesses","volume":"14","author":"Johannsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib6","first-page":"788","article-title":"Duration of antibiotic therapy for penetrating abdominal trauma: a prospective trial","volume":"112","author":"Fabian","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199810000-00001","article-title":"Impact of stomach and colon injuries on intra-abdominal abscess and the synergistic effect of hemorrhage and associated injury","volume":"45","author":"Croce","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.08.016","article-title":"Prevalence of colorectal cancer in cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess patients. Do they need screening colonoscopy? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Mohan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-19","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"32","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1086\/516369","article-title":"Primary liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1086\/503420","article-title":"Association between rmpA and magA genes and clinical syndromes caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00165","article-title":"Clinical and genomic analysis of liver abscess-causing Klebsiella pneumoniae identifies new liver abscess-associated virulence genes","volume":"6","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00430-15","article-title":"Aerobactin, but not yersiniabactin, salmochelin, or enterobactin, enables the growth\/survival of hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) Klebsiella pneumoniae ex vivo and in vivo","volume":"83","author":"Russo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70205-0","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: a new invasive syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Siu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1317412","article-title":"Hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity: two different but complementary Klebsiella spp. phenotypes?","volume":"8","author":"Catal\u00e1n-N\u00e1jera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00174-20","article-title":"Molecular and clinical characterization of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from liver abscess in Taiwan","volume":"64","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03848-1","article-title":"The increased recurrence rate of liver abscess caused by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00515","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae in Singapore: hypervirulent infections and the carbapenemase threat","volume":"7","author":"Chew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199605000-00016","article-title":"Pyogenic hepatic abscess. Changing trends over 42 years","volume":"223","author":"Huang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00972-5","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis","volume":"22","author":"Meumann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306448","article-title":"Locally acquired melioidosis linked to environment - mississippi, 2020-2023","volume":"389","author":"Petras","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100118","article-title":"Characteristics and one year outcomes of melioidosis patients in northeastern Thailand: a prospective, multicenter cohort study","author":"Chantratita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00022-0","article-title":"The Darwin prospective melioidosis study: a 30-year prospective, observational investigation","volume":"21","author":"Currie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009544","article-title":"Melioidosis-a disease of socioeconomic disadvantage","volume":"15","author":"Hanson","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.05.007","article-title":"Prospective observational study of the frequency and features of intra-abdominal abscesses in patients with melioidosis in northeast Thailand","volume":"106","author":"Maude","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008659","article-title":"2020 review and revision of the 2015 Darwin melioidosis treatment guideline; paradigm drift not shift","volume":"14","author":"Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.08.005","article-title":"The mechanisms and consequences of the extra-pulmonary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"90","author":"Krishnan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47054.x","article-title":"Hepatic granulomata: problems in interpretation","volume":"278","author":"Klatskin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib29","first-page":"207","article-title":"Hepatobiliary tuberculosis","volume":"27","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01295113","article-title":"Hepatobiliary tuberculosis","volume":"28","author":"Alvarez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib31","first-page":"585","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the liver","volume":"22","author":"Morris","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am Rev Tubercul"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.41644","article-title":"Hepatobiliary tuberculosis in Western India","volume":"51","author":"Amarapurkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00743.x","article-title":"Hepatobiliary tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Alvarez","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105093241906","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium complex infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"324","author":"Horsburgh","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S461","DOI":"10.1086\/314804","article-title":"The pathophysiology of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in AIDS","volume":"179","author":"Horsburgh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.5.926","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A clinicopathologic study","volume":"93","author":"Wallace","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-105-2-184","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Hawkins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.6.1601","article-title":"Autopsy findings in AIDS patients with Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia","volume":"170","author":"Torriani","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.11.1220","article-title":"Granulomatous involvement of the liver in patients with AIDS","volume":"26","author":"Orenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.3.606","article-title":"Value of liver biopsy for the rapid diagnosis of infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who have unexplained fever and elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase or gamma-glutamyl transferase","volume":"20","author":"Cavicchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1086\/514014","article-title":"Early manifestations of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease: a prospective evaluation","volume":"176","author":"Gordin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.08.004","article-title":"Nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for GATA2 deficiency","volume":"20","author":"Grossman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib44","first-page":"217","article-title":"Study of histo-functional complex of liver in leprosy","volume":"42","author":"Nigam","year":"1976","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib45","first-page":"182","article-title":"Hepatic granulomas in leprosy. Their relation to bacteremia","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-1-76","article-title":"The early clinical manifestations of Lyme disease","volume":"99","author":"Steere","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.2.4.409","article-title":"Liver function test abnormalities in early Lyme disease","volume":"2","author":"Kazakoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.09.008","article-title":"Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts","volume":"87","author":"Weil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1086\/339871","article-title":"Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of tickborne diseases in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Zaidi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00003","article-title":"Human ehrlichiosis in the United States, 1985 to 1990","volume":"120","author":"Fishbein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1102","article-title":"Ehrlichial diseases of humans: emerging tick-borne infections","volume":"20","author":"Dumler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1997.tb01091.x","article-title":"Cutaneous histopathology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever","volume":"24","author":"Kao","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.4.480","article-title":"Rocky Mountain spotted fever: clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological features of 262 cases","volume":"150","author":"Helmick","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199001000-00003","article-title":"Rocky Mountain spotted fever. A clinical review based on 48 confirmed cases, 1943-1986","volume":"69","author":"Kirk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/75.2.156","article-title":"The liver in Rocky Mountain spotted fever","volume":"75","author":"Adams","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010212","article-title":"Tick borne relapsing fever - a systematic review and analysis of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Jakab","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.006","article-title":"Pathogenicity and treatment of Bartonella infections","volume":"44","author":"Angelakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1086\/515197","article-title":"Hepatosplenic cat-scratch disease in children: selected clinical features and treatment","volume":"28","author":"Arisoy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.5.794","article-title":"Bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characteristics in a case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Mohle-Boetani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232302","article-title":"Clinical and pathological features of bacillary peliosis hepatis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"323","author":"Perkocha","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib61","first-page":"52","article-title":"Systemic Bartonella henselae infection with hepatosplenic involvement","volume":"29","author":"Ventura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(02)00403-1","article-title":"Clinical manifestations, complications and treatment of brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation of 480 patients","volume":"32","author":"Aygen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Maladies Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.06.031","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and complications in 1028 cases of brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Buzgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.03.003","article-title":"Pathogenesis and immunobiology of brucellosis: review of Brucella-host interactions","volume":"185","author":"de Figueiredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v10.i2.54","article-title":"Osteoarticular manifestations of human brucellosis: a review","volume":"10","author":"Esmaeilnejad-Ganji","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Orthoped"},{"issue":"249","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib66","first-page":"39","article-title":"Human brucellosis in Kuwait: a prospective study of 400 cases","volume":"66","author":"Lulu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2011.1793","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features, complications and treatment outcome of brucellosis in childhood and review of the literature","volume":"53","author":"Ulu\u011f","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12598","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of 496 children with brucellosis in Van, Turkey","volume":"57","author":"Parlak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.07.007","article-title":"Liver histology of acute brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis","volume":"45","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.08.010","article-title":"The liver in brucellosis","volume":"5","author":"Akritidis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00135-13","article-title":"A literature review of laboratory-acquired brucellosis","volume":"51","author":"Traxler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1988.tb99430.x","article-title":"Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases","volume":"148","author":"Yung","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(90)93909-C","article-title":"Psittacosis: a clinical review","volume":"21","author":"Crosse","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.932","article-title":"Postmortem diagnosis of gestational psittacosis: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/001578-0","article-title":"Two fatal cases of psittacosis caused by Chlamydophila psittaci","volume":"57","author":"Petrovay","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879901100611","article-title":"Review of techniques for the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci infection in psittacine birds","volume":"11","author":"Elder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.10.003","article-title":"Psittacosis","volume":"24","author":"Stewardson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/153567601201700206","article-title":"Chlamydia psittaci, causative agent of avian chlamydiosis and human psittacosis: risk assessment and biosafety recommendations for laboratory use","volume":"17","author":"Dickx","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Biosafety"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"12","author":"Maurin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1580","article-title":"Clinical features and complications of Coxiella burnetii infections from the French National Reference Center for Q Fever","volume":"1","author":"Melenotte","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib81","first-page":"337","article-title":"Acute Q fever in Israel: clinical and laboratory study of 100 hospitalized patients","volume":"8","author":"Ergas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"RR-03","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Q fever--United States, 2013: recommendations from CDC and the Q Fever Working Group","volume":"62","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-1-12-1007","article-title":"Tularemia (Francis' disease)","volume":"1","author":"Simpson","year":"1928","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03230020019005","article-title":"Tularemia epidemic associated with the deerfly","volume":"226","author":"Klock","year":"1973","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.631-646.2002","article-title":"Tularemia","volume":"15","author":"Ellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198507000-00006","article-title":"Tularemia: a 30-year experience with 88 cases","volume":"64","author":"Evans","year":"1985","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa440","article-title":"Tularemia: a case series of patients diagnosed at the National Reference Center for Rickettsioses from 2008 to 2017","volume":"7","author":"Darmon-Curti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370020083041","article-title":"Factors associated with a poor outcome in tularemia","volume":"147","author":"Penn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1937.00180010025002","article-title":"Cause of death in tularemia","volume":"60","author":"Foshay","year":"1937","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90583-4","article-title":"Tularemic hepatitis presenting as obstructive jaundice","volume":"91","author":"Ortego","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib91","first-page":"114","article-title":"Tularemia: a perusal of three hundred thirty-nine cases","volume":"115","author":"Dienst","year":"1963","journal-title":"J La State Med Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1932.02730380019006","article-title":"Tularemia: report of a case, with postmortem observations and a note on the staining of bactrium tularense in tissue section","volume":"98","author":"Foulger","year":"1932","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-7-7-837","article-title":"Gardner. Fatal tularemia","volume":"7","author":"Gundry","year":"1934","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.12.110","article-title":"Leptospirosis: current situation and trends of specific laboratory tests","volume":"9","author":"Schreier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expet Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-51-5-861","article-title":"The pathogenesis of leptospiral jaundice","volume":"51","author":"Ramos-Morales","year":"1959","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib97","first-page":"393","article-title":"The pathologic anatomy and pathogenesis of fatal human leptospirosis (Weil's disease)","volume":"40","author":"Arean","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100741","article-title":"A short review on leptospirosis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Chacko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Global Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972201","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia","volume":"297","author":"Fraser","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-509","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of the epidemic in Philadelphia","volume":"90","author":"Tsai","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(87)90130-6","article-title":"Comparative clinical and laboratory features of legionella with pneumococcal and mycoplasma pneumonias","volume":"81","author":"Woodhead","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Dis Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib102","article-title":"Legionella-induced hepatitis: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-2-186","article-title":"Fatal pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 3: demonstration of the bacilli in extrathoracic organs","volume":"92","author":"Watts","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/76.6.813","article-title":"Extrathoracic localization of Legionella pneumophila in Legionnaires' pneumonia","volume":"76","author":"Evans","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-007-6006-2","article-title":"Clinical features of liver involvement in adult patients with listeriosis. Review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Scholing","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S334929","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients infected by Listeria monocytogenes at a tertiary hospital in Hefei City, China","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90423-5","article-title":"Disseminated listeriosis presenting as acute hepatitis. Case reports and review of hepatic involvement in listeriosis","volume":"73","author":"Yu","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30521-7","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Charlier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020201","article-title":"Typhoid fever","volume":"347","author":"Parry","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240308","article-title":"Salmonella hepatitis: analysis of 27 cases and comparison with acute viral hepatitis","volume":"24","author":"El-Newihi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib113","first-page":"41","article-title":"Salmonella hepatitis (analysis of hepatic involvement in 107 patients with typhoid fever)","author":"Rasoolinejad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03240020026016","article-title":"Typhoid hepatitis","volume":"230","author":"Ramachandran","year":"1974","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00726.x","article-title":"Salmonella hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Pramoolsinsap","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.2.373","article-title":"Salmonella hepatitis: detection of salmonella antigens in the liver of patients with typhoid fever","volume":"154","author":"Calva","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9487","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67181-4","article-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever","volume":"366","author":"Bhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7941","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92129-7","article-title":"Early syphilitic hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Feh\u00e9r","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472316","article-title":"Liver involvement in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis","volume":"24","author":"Palacios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0440-5","article-title":"Liver dysfunction in patients with early syphilis: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Adachi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2018.00003","article-title":"A systematic literature review of syphilitic hepatitis in adults","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1086\/425501","article-title":"Syphilitic hepatitis in HIV-infected patients: a report of 7 cases and review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Mullick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1920.02350020022003","article-title":"Syphilis of the liver","volume":"1","author":"Wile","year":"1920","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syphilol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-511063","article-title":"Multiple \u201cdoughnut\u201d granulomas in Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever)","volume":"122","author":"Herndon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326125000182?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326125000182?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T14:30:30Z","timestamp":1752676230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326125000182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326125000182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bacterial Infections Involving the Liver","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2025.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}