{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:04:38Z","timestamp":1783652678609,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T15:30:24Z","timestamp":1748359824000},"page":"407-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Liver in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mia C.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5001-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal F.","family":"Abdelmalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.02.007","article-title":"Current status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD","volume":"35","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","article-title":"A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"78","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","article-title":"AASLD practice guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000670","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: update and impact of new nomenclature on the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases practice guidance on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"79","author":"Kanwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001180","article-title":"A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0616","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome in women","volume":"3","author":"Bentley-Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701","article-title":"Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Kleiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1912565","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.12565","article-title":"Association of histologic disease activity with progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Kleiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4354","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related liver fibrosis: mechanisms, treatment and prevention","volume":"9","author":"Tacke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.311","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrosis development in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"158","author":"Schwabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"716","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadi0759","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi0759","article-title":"Found in translation-fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1590\/2359-3997000000233","article-title":"Can FIB4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores help endocrinologists refer patients with non-alcoholic fat liver disease to a hepatologist?","volume":"61","author":"Nones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.11.022","article-title":"Accuracy of the enhanced liver fibrosis test in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its clinical implications","volume":"22","author":"Arai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.5301\/ijbm.5000292","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis test as a reliable tool for assessing fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a clinical setting","volume":"32","author":"Miele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Biol Markers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000843","article-title":"AASLD practice guideline on imaging-based noninvasive liver disease assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis","volume":"81","author":"Sterling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095776","article-title":"Liver stiffness by transient elastography predicts liver-related complications and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Pang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.06.045","article-title":"Monitoring occurrence of liver-related events and survival by transient elastography in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compensated advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Petta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.044","article-title":"Liver stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography predicts future cirrhosis, decompensation, and death in NAFLD","volume":"19","author":"Gidener","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32594","article-title":"Change in serial liver stiffness measurement by magnetic resonance elastography and outcomes in NAFLD","volume":"77","author":"Gidener","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu939","article-title":"Comparison of the prognostic value of liver biopsy and FIB-4 index in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus","volume":"60","author":"Berenguer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27389","article-title":"Risk assessment of clinical outcomes in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B using enhanced liver fibrosis test","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21665","article-title":"Liver stiffness measurement predicts severe portal hypertension in patients with HCV-Related cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Vizzutti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1085","article-title":"Impact of type 2 diabetes on the outcomes of solid organ transplantations in the U.S.: data from a National Registry","volume":"46","author":"Stepanova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000352","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of adult liver transplantation in the United States in 2013-2022: the dominance of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Younossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7764817","article-title":"Main risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2021","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00157-7","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.03.006","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Younossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.11.003","article-title":"Prevalence of steatotic liver disease (MASLD, MetALD, and ALD) in the United States: NHANES 2017-2020","volume":"22","author":"Kalligeros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32228","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and chronic liver disease among adolescents and young adults","volume":"75","author":"Paik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1997","article-title":"Advanced liver fibrosis is common in patients with type 2 diabetes followed in the outpatient setting: the need for systematic screening","volume":"44","author":"Lomonaco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1778","article-title":"High prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis assessed by transient elastography among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Ciardullo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330110","article-title":"Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"En Li Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155642","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, metabolically unhealthy, and metabolically healthy individuals in the United States","volume":"146","author":"Golabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-016-0420-z","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with impairment of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)","volume":"14","author":"Golabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111652","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease population","volume":"211","author":"Chew","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S237700","article-title":"Common and unique factors and the bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0174291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174291","article-title":"Bidirectional association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes in Chinese population: evidence from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib40","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional relationship","volume":"2020","author":"Muzica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12157","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.12.003","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity without fatty liver and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"12","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1956685","article-title":"Fatty liver index predicts incident risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"53","author":"Cuthbertson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000263","article-title":"Diabetes and cirrhosis: current concepts on diagnosis and management","volume":"77","author":"Castera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31806","article-title":"Glycemic control predicts severity of hepatocyte ballooning and hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"74","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31229","article-title":"Genetic pathways in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: insights from systems biology","volume":"72","author":"Sookoian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.029","article-title":"Food insecurity is associated with mortality among U.S. adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Kardashian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000251","article-title":"The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly growing in every region of the world from 1990 to 2019","volume":"7","author":"Paik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00100-X","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the USA","volume":"6","author":"Rich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000913","article-title":"Epidemiology, screening, and co-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101111","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic factors determining NAFLD risk","volume":"50","author":"Jonas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.11.007","article-title":"TM6SF2\/PNPLA3\/MBOAT7 loss-of-function genetic variants impact on NAFLD development and progression both in patients and in in vitro models","volume":"13","author":"Longo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12719","article-title":"Causal relationship of hepatic fat with liver damage and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"283","author":"Dongiovanni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.02.003","article-title":"Role of obesity and lipotoxicity in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"142","author":"Cusi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.07.002","article-title":"From NASH to diabetes and from diabetes to NASH: mechanisms and treatment options","volume":"1","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.01.002","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and its association with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"27","author":"Bril","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31238","article-title":"Combined effect of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13 variants on risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the general population","volume":"72","author":"Gellert-Kristensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3855","article-title":"Adiposity amplifies the genetic risk of fatty liver disease conferred by multiple loci","volume":"49","author":"Stender","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.009","article-title":"A new perspective on NAFLD: focusing on lipid droplets","volume":"76","author":"Scorletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14484","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related risk of cardiovascular disease and other cardiac complications","volume":"24","author":"Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1876","article-title":"Metabolic impact of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Lomonaco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.01.019","article-title":"Fructose and sugar: a major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"68","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28985","article-title":"Metabolic and histological implications of intrahepatic triglyceride content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Bril","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012615-044224","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and disease spectrum","volume":"11","author":"Hardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.026","article-title":"Targeting hepatic macrophages to treat liver diseases","volume":"66","author":"Tacke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23719","article-title":"Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites","volume":"52","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00372-7","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression","volume":"18","author":"Kisseleva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.09.006","article-title":"Latin American Association for the study of the liver (ALEH) practice guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Arab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10094-2","article-title":"The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic associated fatty liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.049","article-title":"Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"161","author":"Kanwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.03.010","volume":"28","author":"Cusi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50229","article-title":"Clinical and histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with normal ALT values","volume":"37","author":"Mofrad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.216077","article-title":"Simple non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"McPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.12.031","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive fibrosis models to detect change in fibrosis stage","volume":"17","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29113","article-title":"Liver fibrosis scores predict liver disease mortality in the United States population","volume":"66","author":"Unalp-Arida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.10.035","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in fibrosis markers are associated with risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"78","author":"Cholankeril","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.007","article-title":"Repeated FIB-4 measurements can help identify individuals at risk of severe liver disease","volume":"73","author":"Hagstrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010066","article-title":"The FIB-4 index predicts the development of liver-related events, extrahepatic cancers, and coronary vascular disease in patients with NAFLD","volume":"15","author":"Kamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.02.024","article-title":"Validation of a clinical risk-based classification system in a large nonalcoholic fatty liver disease real-world cohort","volume":"21","author":"Sanyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib82","article-title":"Prognostic utility of Fibrosis-4 index for risk of subsequent liver and cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in individuals with obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Anstee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.031","article-title":"Non-invasive tests accurately stratify patients with NAFLD based on their risk of liver-related events","volume":"76","author":"Boursier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15914","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests to screen for at-risk MASH-An individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Mozes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1447","article-title":"Vibration-controlled transient elastography scores to predict liver-related events in steatotic liver disease","volume":"331","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.016","article-title":"The enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score: normal values, influence factors and proposed cut-off values","volume":"59","author":"Lichtinghagen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib87","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score predicts hepatic decompensation and mortality","volume":"6","author":"Pearson","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.036","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis test for the non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Vali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30664","article-title":"The natural history of advanced fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: data from the simtuzumab trials","volume":"70","author":"Sanyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.003","article-title":"The association of histologic and noninvasive tests with adverse clinical and patient-reported outcomes in patients with advanced fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"160","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1208","article-title":"A pragmatic approach identifies a high rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with advanced fibrosis in diabetes clinics and at-risk populations in primary care","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15209","article-title":"Knowledge of liver fibrosis stage among adults with NAFLD\/NASH improves adherence to lifestyle changes","volume":"42","author":"Carrieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i10.1881","article-title":"Role of illness perception and self-efficacy in lifestyle modification among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients","volume":"23","author":"Zelber-Sagi","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S167","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S008","article-title":"8. Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025","volume":"48","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005","article-title":"Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.051","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on lifestyle modification using diet and exercise to achieve weight loss in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: expert review","volume":"160","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2337\/dsi23-0009","article-title":"Practical lifestyle management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease for busy clinicians","volume":"37","author":"Zelber-Sagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25741","article-title":"Higher dietary fructose is associated with impaired hepatic adenosine triphosphate homeostasis in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Abdelmalek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23535","article-title":"Increased fructose consumption is associated with fibrosis severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Abdelmalek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib100","first-page":"S77","article-title":"5. Facilitating positive health behaviors and well-being to improve health outcomes: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0014","article-title":"Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report","volume":"42","author":"Evert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154439","article-title":"Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and shows a synergistic effect with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"Blomdahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12719","article-title":"The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Sargeant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.006","article-title":"Bariatric surgery provides long-term resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and regression of fibrosis","volume":"159","author":"Lassailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.12.013","article-title":"Effect of exercise-based interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Nam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002098","article-title":"Exercise training is associated with treatment response in liver fat content by magnetic resonance imaging independent of clinically significant body weight loss in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Stine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.04.036","article-title":"Exercise-based interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"14","author":"Orci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.488","article-title":"Physical activity recommendations, exercise intensity, and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"106","author":"Kistler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib109","first-page":"10","article-title":"Exercise benefits people with fatty liver disease and pre-diabetes. Cleveland clinic study finds that treadmill walking slows the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improves your fat-burning ability","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Advis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.05.033","article-title":"Volume-dependent effect of supervised exercise training on fatty liver and visceral adiposity index in subjects with type 2 diabetes the Italian Diabetes Exercise Study (IDES)","volume":"109","author":"Balducci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002662","article-title":"Effect of exercise intervention on clinical parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.10338","article-title":"Obesity and weight management for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"328","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17734","article-title":"Design of the phase 3 MAESTRO clinical program to evaluate resmetirom for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309000","article-title":"A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in NASH with liver fibrosis","volume":"390","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"362","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1774","article-title":"Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial","volume":"165","author":"Cusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060326","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Belfort","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28960","article-title":"Pioglitazone for advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: new evidence, new challenges","volume":"65","author":"Musso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.152","article-title":"Effects of combined exenatide and pioglitazone therapy on hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Sathyanarayana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14153","article-title":"Combination therapy with pioglitazone\/exenatide improves beta-cell function and produces superior glycaemic control compared with basal\/bolus insulin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a 3-year follow-up of the Qatar study","volume":"22","author":"Abdul-Ghani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164118825376","article-title":"Pioglitazone: the forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"121","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib122","first-page":"27","article-title":"Safety profile of pioglitazone","author":"Hanefeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30092-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both, in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 2): a 56-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomised trial","volume":"5","author":"Ahren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12188","article-title":"Empagliflozin improves glycaemic and weight control as add-on therapy to pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Kovacs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14650","article-title":"Combination therapy with pioglitazone\/exenatide\/metformin reduces the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis: the efficacy and durability of initial combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (EDICT)","volume":"24","author":"Lavynenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S004","article-title":"4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: standards of care in diabetes-2025","volume":"48","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib127","first-page":"S179","article-title":"10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00308-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"384","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18331","article-title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg in participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: baseline characteristics and design of the phase 3 ESSENCE trial","volume":"60","author":"Newsome","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2413258","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","author":"Sanyal","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00070-5","article-title":"Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): a substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial","volume":"10","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18042","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: design of the SYNERGY-NASH phase 2b trial to evaluate tirzepatide as a treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and modification of screening strategy to reduce screen failures","volume":"60","author":"Vuppalanchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401943","article-title":"Tirzepatide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis","volume":"391","author":"Loomba","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404881","article-title":"Tirzepatide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity","volume":"391","author":"Malhotra","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410027","article-title":"Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity","volume":"392","author":"Packer","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410819","article-title":"Tirzepatide for obesity treatment and diabetes prevention","volume":"392","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110779","article-title":"Perspectives in weight control in diabetes - survodutide","volume":"207","author":"Klein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01501-x","article-title":"Effect of survodutide, a glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, on weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24184","article-title":"Survodutide for treatment of obesity: rationale and design of two randomized phase 3 clinical trials (SYNCHRONIZE-1 and -2)","volume":"33","author":"Wharton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401755","article-title":"A phase 2 randomized trial of survodutide in MASH and fibrosis","volume":"391","author":"Sanyal","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2310645","article-title":"Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity","volume":"389","author":"Bisson","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2025.2450254","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for the management of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Tewari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib145","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity","volume":"389","author":"Elfeki","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100321","article-title":"Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2023.2283020","article-title":"Retatrutide showing promise in obesity (and type 2 diabetes)","volume":"32","author":"Doggrell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expet Opin Invest Drugs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03018-2","article-title":"Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial","volume":"30","author":"Sanyal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.756","article-title":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 perceptions and management of obesity & knowledge of glucagon, GLP-1, GIP receptor agonists, and dual agonists","volume":"10","author":"Garvey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"10295","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01324-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"398","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02597-w","article-title":"Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial","volume":"29","author":"Wadden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15524","article-title":"The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","volume":"26","author":"Abdelmalek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib153","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Triple-Hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity. Reply","volume":"389","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10019","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0318","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of medical management vs bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes","volume":"331","author":"Courcoulas","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2023.101495","article-title":"French national authority for health assessment of metabolic surgery for type 2 diabetes remission-A meta-analysis in patients with class I to III obesity","volume":"50","author":"Lafarge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2018.12.002","article-title":"Bariatric surgery improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Fakhry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1916-z","article-title":"Routine liver biopsy during bariatric surgery: an analysis of evidence base","volume":"26","author":"Mahawar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16335","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: bariatric surgery reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"53","author":"Ramai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.014","article-title":"Bariatric surgery reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese patients","volume":"149","author":"Lassailly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19569","article-title":"Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"326","author":"Aminian","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10390","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00634-7","article-title":"Bariatric-metabolic surgery versus lifestyle intervention plus best medical care in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (BRAVES): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial","volume":"401","author":"Verrastro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2020.11.004","article-title":"Safety of metabolic and bariatric surgery in obese patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18022","article-title":"Letter: boosting non-invasive tests-opportunities and challenges from resmetirom","volume":"60","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3562-8","article-title":"Outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"29","author":"Minambres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07498-4","article-title":"Impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on fibrosis stage in patients with child-A NASH-related cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Salman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Liver Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326125000297?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089326125000297?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T14:30:16Z","timestamp":1752676216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089326125000297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089326125000297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-3261","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Liver in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Liver Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2025.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}