{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1792652203609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinical-genitourinary-cancer.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Genitourinary Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T01:46:04Z","timestamp":1621215964000},"page":"e409-e416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Treatment Is Inversely Associated With the Risk of Developing Alzheimer Disease or Other Dementia Among Patients With Non\u2013muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7563-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph I.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denzel","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8412-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Kovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Aboumohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilir","family":"Agalliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Sankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14506.1","article-title":"Current understanding of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Weller","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.02.001","article-title":"2017 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"13","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141134","article-title":"Epidemiological and economic burden of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic literature review of data across Europe and the United States of America","volume":"43","author":"Takizawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2019.85929","article-title":"Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"57","author":"AA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(05)70069-0","article-title":"An overview of common non-Alzheimer dementias","volume":"17","author":"Knopman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0006","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Disease International. Dementia in the Americas: Current and future cost and prevalence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias. ADI\/Bupa report. 2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0007","first-page":"803","article-title":"Gender difference in apolipoprotein E-associated risk for familial Alzheimer disease: A possible clue to the higher incidence of Alzheimer disease in women","volume":"58","author":"Payami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622312452387","article-title":"Management of patients with Alzheimer's disease: Pharmacological treatment and quality of life","volume":"3","author":"Mossello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7967","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8967","article-title":"Breaking immune tolerance by targeting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells mitigates Alzheimer's disease pathology","volume":"6","author":"Baruch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24770","article-title":"Reactive antibodies against bacillus Calmette-Guerin heat-shock protein-65 potentially predict the outcome of immunotherapy for high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"116","author":"Ardelt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00756.x","article-title":"Systemic immune response after intravesical instillation of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for superficial bladder cancer","volume":"115","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571847","article-title":"Effects of isoniazid (INH) on the BCG-induced local immune response after intravesical BCG therapy for superficial bladder cancer","volume":"22","author":"Stassar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1997.4141313.x","article-title":"Humoral response against heat shock proteins and other mycobacterial antigens after intravesical treatment with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients with superficial bladder cancer","volume":"109","author":"Zlotta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.02.001","article-title":"Immunization with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in APP\/PS1 mice via the recruitment of inflammation-resolving monocytes to the brain","volume":"101","author":"Zuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69347","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12469","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in a 3xTg-AD Alzheimer's disease model","volume":"7","author":"Baek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.01.007","article-title":"Can immunization with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) protect against Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"123","author":"Gofrit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224433","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy lowers the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in bladder cancer patients","volume":"14","author":"Gofrit","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181df0f3b","article-title":"Democratizing information creation from health care data for quality improvement, research, and education\u2014the Montefiore Medical Center experience","volume":"85","author":"Bellin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life-tables","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0020","series-title":"Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data","author":"Hosmer","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0021","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Version 25","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0022","series-title":"AJCC cancer staging manual","author":"Edge","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006148","article-title":"The clinical problem of symptomatic Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"2","author":"Tarawneh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6562","article-title":"Association between androgen deprivation therapy use and diagnosis of dementia in men with prostate cancer","volume":"2","author":"Jayadevappa","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3880","article-title":"Immune attack: The role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease","volume":"16","author":"Heppner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","article-title":"Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"577","author":"Gate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1159\/000452171","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Guerin confers neuroprotection in a murine model of Japanese encephalitis","volume":"23","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1588","article-title":"Use of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in multiple sclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Ristori","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5022-6","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of tumor necrosis factor for autoimmune disease: A mechanistically based hypothesis","volume":"62","author":"Kodama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.11.006","article-title":"BCG therapy for type 1 diabetes: Restoration of balanced immunity and metabolism","volume":"30","author":"Kuhtreiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170242","article-title":"Challenges and considerations related to studying dementia in blacks\/African Americans","volume":"60","author":"Ighodaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.10.751","article-title":"The APOE-epsilon4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer disease among African Americans, whites, and Hispanics","volume":"279","author":"Tang","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001_bib0033","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"}],"container-title":["Clinical Genitourinary Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1558767321000963?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1558767321000963?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T11:34:25Z","timestamp":1761564865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1558767321000963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1558767321000963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-7673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-7673","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Treatment Is Inversely Associated With the Risk of Developing Alzheimer Disease or Other Dementia Among Patients With Non\u2013muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Genitourinary Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2021.05.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}