{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:36:39Z","timestamp":1791192999635,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T12:22:32Z","timestamp":1169122952000},"page":"40-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Differential dysfunction in dendritic cell subsets during chronic HCV infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Lynn","family":"Averill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin J.","family":"Karandikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.05.008","article-title":"T cell response in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"32","author":"Neumann-Haefelin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360703","article-title":"National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: management of hepatitis C: 2002\u2013June 10\u201312, 2002","volume":"36","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118842","article-title":"Different clinical behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated with different vigor of the anti-viral cell-mediated immune response","volume":"98","author":"Missale","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.9.1499","article-title":"Analysis of successful immune responses in persons infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"191","author":"Lechner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1395","article-title":"Determinants of viral clearance and persistence during acute hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"194","author":"Thimme","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.21162","article-title":"Differential CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responsiveness in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2479::AID-IMMU2479>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"CD8+ T lymphocyte responses are induced during acute hepatitis C virus infection but are not sustained","volume":"30","author":"Lechner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70353-7","article-title":"Recurrence of hepatitis C virus after loss of virus-specific CD4(+) T-cell response in acute hepatitis C","volume":"117","author":"Gerlach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib9","unstructured":"V. Pillai, W.M. Lee, D.L. Thiele, N.J. Karandikar, Clinical responders to antiviral therapy of chronic HCV infection show elevated antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. J. Viral. Hepat. (in press)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70217-4","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-specific T-cell reactivity during interferon and ribavirin treatment in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"118","author":"Cramp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.35344","article-title":"The dynamics of T-lymphocyte responses during combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"36","author":"Barnes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.001415","article-title":"The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity","volume":"9","author":"Steinman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21212","article-title":"Impaired allostimulatory function of dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection","volume":"120","author":"Bain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50194","article-title":"Detection of functionally altered hepatitis C virus-specific CD4 T cells in acute and chronic hepatitis C","volume":"37","author":"Ulsenheimer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1385-3","article-title":"Infection and dysfunction of circulating blood dendritic cells and their subsets in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"39","author":"Tsubouchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02544.x","article-title":"Isolation and functional analysis of circulating dendritic cells from hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-positive and HCV RNA-negative patients with chronic hepatitis C: role of antiviral therapy","volume":"137","author":"Tsubouchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02550.x","article-title":"Decreased interferon-alpha production and impaired T helper 1 polarization by dendritic cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"137","author":"Murakami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.09.014","article-title":"Comparable functions of plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C patients and healthy donors","volume":"42","author":"Piccioli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4907","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.4907","article-title":"Selective impairments in dendritic cell-associated function distinguish hepatitis C virus and HIV infection","volume":"172","author":"Anthony","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6151","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.12.6151-6161.2004","article-title":"Lack of phenotypic and functional impairment in dendritic cells from chimpanzees chronically infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"78","author":"Larsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib21","first-page":"261","article-title":"Different subsets of peripheral blood dendritic cells show distinct phenotypic and functional abnormalities in HIV-1 infection","volume":"19","author":"Almeida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1086\/425425","article-title":"Reduced numbers and impaired ability of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells to polarize T helper cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"190","author":"Kanto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000087264","article-title":"Impaired function of dendritic cells circulating in patients infected with hepatitis C virus who have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels","volume":"49","author":"Kanto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1086\/431523","article-title":"Normal functional capacity in circulating myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"192","author":"Longman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290226","article-title":"Studies on the allostimulatory function of dendritic cells from HCV-HIV-1 co-infected patients","volume":"14","author":"Stebbing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.05.018","article-title":"Subversion of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cell functions in chronic HCV infection","volume":"210","author":"Szabo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200214380","article-title":"Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) therapy induces CD8(+) T cell responses in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"109","author":"Karandikar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1086\/375350","article-title":"Evidence of viral replication in circulating dendritic cells during hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"187","author":"Goutagny","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5584","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5584","article-title":"Impaired allostimulatory capacity of peripheral blood dendritic cells recovered from hepatitis C virus-infected individuals","volume":"162","author":"Kanto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5062","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.5062-5070.2002","article-title":"Abnormal priming of CD4(+) T cells by dendritic cells expressing hepatitis C virus core and E1 proteins","volume":"76","author":"Sarobe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3447","article-title":"Impaired effector function of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"169","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5550","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.12.5550-5558.2001","article-title":"Sustained dysfunction of antiviral CD8+ T lymphocytes after infection with hepatitis C virus","volume":"75","author":"Gruener","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-379","article-title":"Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections","volume":"8","author":"Appay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.339","article-title":"The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies","volume":"288","author":"Farci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420515","article-title":"Hepatic expansion of a virus-specific regulatory CD8(+) T cell population in chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"113","author":"Accapezzato","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib36","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Suppression of HCV-specific T cells without differential hierarchy demonstrated ex vivo in persistent HCV infection","volume":"38","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20454","article-title":"An immunomodulatory role for CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"40","author":"Cabrera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7860","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7860-7867.2005","article-title":"T cells with a CD4+CD25+ regulatory phenotype suppress in vitro proliferation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells during chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"79","author":"Boettler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7852","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7852-7859.2005","article-title":"Regulatory T cells suppress in vitro proliferation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells during persistent hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"79","author":"Rushbrook","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20592","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"41","author":"Ulsenheimer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80882-0","article-title":"Continuous release of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and B-lymphoblastoid cell-line cultures derived from HCV-infected patients","volume":"86","author":"Bare","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70114-6","article-title":"Is hepatitis C virus infection of dendritic cells a mechanism facilitating viral persistence?","volume":"5","author":"Pachiadakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet, Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.039","article-title":"Productive replication of hepatitis C virus in perihepatic lymph nodes in vivo: implications of HCV lymphotropism","volume":"130","author":"Pal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1086\/430949","article-title":"Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in serum and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from HCV-monoinfected and HIV\/HCV-coinfected persons","volume":"192","author":"Blackard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.057281","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with occult hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"54","author":"Castillo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(01)00399-8","article-title":"A novel strand-specific RT-PCR for detection of hepatitis C virus negative-strand RNA (replicative intermediate): evidence of absence or very low level of HCV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"100","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"issue":"Pt. 11","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-11-2747","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus negative strand RNA is not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and viral sequences are identical to those in serum: a case against extrahepatic replication","volume":"78","author":"Laskus","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i7.925","article-title":"DC-SIGN: binding receptor for HCV?","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10862","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.20.10862-10871.2003","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus structural proteins impair dendritic cell maturation and inhibit in vivo induction of cellular immune responses","volume":"77","author":"Sarobe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6037","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6037","article-title":"BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: three markers for distinct subsets of dendritic cells in human peripheral blood","volume":"165","author":"Dzionek","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1136","article-title":"Bone marrow plasmacytoid dendritic cells can differentiate into myeloid dendritic cells upon virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Zuniga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03650.x","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of type C hepatitis: dendritic cells in HCV infection","volume":"19","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1744","article-title":"Pervasive influence of hepatitis C virus on the phenotype of antiviral CD8+ T cells","volume":"172","author":"Lucas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200205000-00004","article-title":"The antibody response to hepatitis B virus vaccination is negatively influenced by the hepatitis C virus viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Leroy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib55","first-page":"113","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection decreases the effective antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients","volume":"41","author":"Navarro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8079","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8079-8089.2005","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus E2-CD81 interaction induces hypermutation of the immunoglobulin gene in B cells","volume":"79","author":"Machida","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18544","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509402102","article-title":"Activation of naive B lymphocytes via CD81, a pathogenetic mechanism for hepatitis C virus-associated B lymphocyte disorders","volume":"102","author":"Rosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.2.866-874.2006","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus induces toll-like receptor 4 expression, leading to enhanced production of beta interferon and interleukin-6","volume":"80","author":"Machida","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199512000-00007","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis\u2014an update on terminology and reporting","volume":"19","author":"Batts","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661606009661?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661606009661?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T12:43:57Z","timestamp":1683722637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661606009661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521661606009661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}