{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:58:53Z","timestamp":1789981133847,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AI058190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AI058190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI069848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI069848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,27]],"date-time":"2009-01-27T05:34:10Z","timestamp":1233034450000},"page":"260-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Modulation of dendritic cells using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) delays type 1 diabetes by enhancing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Donald","family":"Cheatem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji B.","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eryn","family":"Gangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenthamarakshan","family":"Vasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bellur S.","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000178767.67857.63","article-title":"Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells","volume":"12","author":"Yoon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011353","article-title":"Pancreatic lymph nodes are required for priming of beta cell reactive T cells in NOD mice","volume":"196","author":"Gagnerault","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1994.0025","article-title":"Pancreatic lymph nodes are early targets of T cells during adoptive transfer of diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"8","author":"Fabien","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9966-8_47","article-title":"Dendritic cells in the autoimmune insulitis in NOD mouse models of diabetes","volume":"417","author":"Rosmalen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80392-1","article-title":"The nonobese diabetic mouse as a model of autoimmune diabetes: immune dysregulation gets the NOD","volume":"7","author":"Delovitch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.6.2534","article-title":"Defects in the differentiation and function of antigen presenting cells in NOD\/Lt mice","volume":"150","author":"Serreze","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231606698","article-title":"Avoiding horror autotoxicus: the importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance","volume":"99","author":"Steinman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0369-8114(03)00096-8","article-title":"The control of immunity and tolerance by dendritic cell","volume":"51","author":"Steinman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1288.032","article-title":"Characterization of dendritic cells in humans with type 1 diabetes","volume":"1005","author":"Summers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-006403","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells: cytokine modulation comes of age","volume":"108","author":"Rutella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.12.004","article-title":"Role of dendritic cells in the generation of regulatory T cells","volume":"16","author":"Groux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141040","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells","volume":"21","author":"Steinman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.03.002","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: a two-way relationship","volume":"46","author":"Mahnke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.2741\/2840","article-title":"The characterization and role of regulatory T cells in immune reactions","volume":"13","author":"Wilczynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2444","article-title":"Low CD86 expression in the nonobese diabetic mouse results in the impairment of both T cell activation and CTLA-4 up-regulation","volume":"164","author":"Dahlen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-0810","article-title":"Deficiency in NOD antigen-presenting cell function may be responsible for suboptimal CD4+CD25+ T-cell-mediated regulation and type 1 diabetes development in NOD mice","volume":"55","author":"Alard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90586-3","article-title":"Defective maturation and function of antigen-presenting cells in type 1 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Jansen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.92","article-title":"Defective suppressor function in CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells from patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Lindley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib19","first-page":"29","article-title":"Altered dendritic cells (DC) might be responsible for regulatory T cell imbalance and autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice","volume":"13","author":"Boudaly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6335","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701171104","article-title":"Adaptive TGF-beta-dependent regulatory T cells control autoimmune diabetes and are a privileged target of anti-CD3 antibody treatment","volume":"104","author":"You","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00421.x","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell physiology and application to treat autoimmunity","volume":"212","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5511","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5511","article-title":"Selective induction of dendritic cells using granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, but not fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3-ligand, activates thyroglobulin-specific CD4+\/CD25+ T cells and suppresses experimental autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"170","author":"Vasu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5296","article-title":"Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is associated with an expansion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"177","author":"Sheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7006","article-title":"IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells play a critical role in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced suppression of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"174","author":"Gangi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.2195","article-title":"Absence of IL-4, and not suppression of the Th2 response, prevents development of experimental autoimmune Graves' disease","volume":"170","author":"Dogan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh210","article-title":"Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand administration overcomes a genetically determined dendritic cell deficiency in NOD mice and protects against diabetes development","volume":"17","author":"O'Keeffe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3638","article-title":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor prevents diabetes development in NOD mice by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells that sustain the suppressive function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"179","author":"Gaudreau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2003.02308.x","article-title":"Passive transfer of flt-3L-derived dendritic cells delays diabetes development in NOD mice and associates with early production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in the spleen of recipient mice","volume":"134","author":"Morin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.8.1995","article-title":"Flt3-ligand treatment prevents diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"53","author":"Chilton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.6.2122","article-title":"Effects of administration of progenipoietin 1, Flt-3 ligand, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and pegylated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on dendritic cell subsets in mice","volume":"99","author":"O'Keeffe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.848","article-title":"Stem cell factor and FLT3-ligand are strictly required to sustain the long-term expansion of primitive CD34+DR\u2212 dendritic cell precursors","volume":"166","author":"Curti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930310001603073","article-title":"Modulation of dendritic cell function and cytokine production to prevent thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"36","author":"Vasu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1288.023","article-title":"Defective maturation of myeloid dendritic cell (DC) in NOD mice is controlled by IDD10\/17\/18","volume":"1005","author":"Peng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.01.011","article-title":"Dendritic cells in tolerance induction","volume":"99","author":"Enk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.09.003","article-title":"Interference with CD4+CD25+ T-cell-mediated tolerance to experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor monoclonal antibody","volume":"26","author":"Morris","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7278","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7278","article-title":"IL-1 beta breaks tolerance through expansion of CD25+ effector T cells","volume":"176","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4218","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.12.4218","article-title":"Production of IL-1 receptor antagonist by human in vitro-derived macrophages. Effects of lipopolysaccharide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"147","author":"Janson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.5.1275.1275","article-title":"Production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-1 beta by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is differentially regulated","volume":"78","author":"Poutsiaka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.B. Ganesh, D. Cheatem, J.R. Sheng, C. Vasu, B.S. Prabhakar, GM-CSF-induced CD11c+8a- dendritic cells facilitate Foxp3+ and IL-10+ regulatory T cell expansion resulting in suppression of autoimmune thyroiditis, Int. Immunol. (in press). doi:10.1093\/intimm\/dxn147.","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn147"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200007)30:7<1813::AID-IMMU1813>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Immature dendritic cells generated with low doses of GM-CSF in the absence of IL-4 are maturation resistant and prolong allograft survival in vivo","volume":"30","author":"Lutz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661608009170?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661608009170?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:43:00Z","timestamp":1778816580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661608009170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521661608009170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modulation of dendritic cells using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) delays type 1 diabetes by enhancing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}