{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:07:16Z","timestamp":1791094036432,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T15:11:57Z","timestamp":1360941117000},"page":"345-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Trials in type 1 diabetes: Antigen-specific therapies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Ken T.","family":"Coppieters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard C.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias G.","family":"von Herrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2010","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes: etiology, immunology, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"91","author":"van Belle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111187","article-title":"Demonstration of islet-autoreactive CD8 T cells in insulitic lesions from recent onset and long-term type 1 diabetes patients","volume":"209","author":"Coppieters","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0015","first-page":"3390","article-title":"CTLs are targeted to kill beta cells in patients with type 1 diabetes through recognition of a glucose-regulated preproinsulin epitope","volume":"118","author":"Skowera","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609193351205","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune diabetes mellitus in recipients of cadaveric pancreatic grafts","volume":"335","author":"Tyden","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.08.002","article-title":"A comprehensive review of interventions in the NOD mouse and implications for translation","volume":"23","author":"Shoda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91943-4","article-title":"Cyclosporin increases the rate and length of remissions in insulin-dependent diabetes of recent onset. Results of a multicentre double-blind trial","volume":"2","author":"Feutren","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.11.1574","article-title":"Cyclosporin-induced remission of IDDM after early intervention. Association of 1yr of cyclosporin treatment with enhanced insulin secretion. The Canadian\u2013European Randomized Control Trial Group","volume":"37","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.3.478","article-title":"Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in type 1 diabetic patients. A 7-year follow-up study","volume":"22","author":"Parving","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.14.1568","article-title":"Autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"297","author":"Voltarelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60886-6","article-title":"Co-stimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"378","author":"Orban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904452","article-title":"Rituximab, B-lymphocyte depletion, and preservation of beta-cell function","volume":"361","author":"Pescovitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012864","article-title":"Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"346","author":"Herold","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043980","article-title":"Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"352","author":"Keymeulen","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.1.123","article-title":"Anti-CD3 antibody induces long-term remission of overt autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"91","author":"Chatenoud","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.933","article-title":"Nonmitogenic CD3 antibody reverses virally induced (rat insulin promoter-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) autoimmune diabetes without impeding viral clearance","volume":"168","author":"von Herrath","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60931-8","article-title":"Teplizumab for treatment of type 1 diabetes (Protege study): 1-year results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"378","author":"Sherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0085","article-title":"Studies on the Chemistry of Anaphylaxis (III)","author":"Wells","year":"1911","journal-title":"Experiments with Isolated Proteins, Especially Those of the Hen's Egg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200435","article-title":"Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy in children","volume":"367","author":"Burks","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.19.7443","article-title":"Suppression of type II collagen-induced arthritis by intragastric administration of soluble type II collagen","volume":"83","author":"Nagler-Anderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.2.440","article-title":"Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral administration of myelin basic protein and its fragments","volume":"140","author":"Higgins","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10252","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10252","article-title":"Suppression of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by oral administration of porcine insulin","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.6.2167","article-title":"Aerosol insulin induces regulatory CD8 gamma delta T cells that prevent murine insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"184","author":"Harrison","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1561","article-title":"Nasal administration of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) peptides induces Th2 responses and prevents murine insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"183","author":"Tian","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.39.8.933","article-title":"Insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice reduced by prophylactic insulin therapy","volume":"39","author":"Atkinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker119","article-title":"Evidence for the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology. (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R180","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2870","article-title":"A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled phase III clinical trial of chicken type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7680493","article-title":"Double-blind pilot trial of oral tolerization with myelin antigens in multiple sclerosis","volume":"259","author":"Weiner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0525","series-title":"Human trials scientists, investors, and patients in the quest for a cure","author":"Quinn","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0630","article-title":"Antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: maximizing the potential","volume":"59","author":"Peakman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061412598","article-title":"Peyer's patches are required for oral tolerance to proteins","volume":"98","author":"Fujihashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6553","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.6553","article-title":"TCR gamma delta intraepithelial lymphocytes are required for self-tolerance","volume":"176","author":"Locke","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.10.3602","article-title":"T cell suppression in transplantation tolerance through linked recognition","volume":"156","author":"Davies","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04420.x","article-title":"Incidental CD8 T cell reactivity against caspase-cleaved apoptotic self-antigens from ubiquitously expressed proteins in islets from prediabetic human leucocyte antigen-A2 transgenic non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"165","author":"Coppieters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2451","article-title":"International workshop on lessons from animal models for human type 1 diabetes: identification of insulin but not glutamic acid decarboxylase or IA-2 as specific autoantigens of humoral autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"50","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1304","article-title":"Preexisting autoantibodies predict efficacy of oral insulin to cure autoimmune diabetes in combination with anti-CD3","volume":"61","author":"Mamchak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03814.x","article-title":"Proinsulin peptide immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes: report of a first-in-man Phase I safety study","volume":"155","author":"Thrower","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.10.005","article-title":"Autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells induced in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus by insulin B-chain immunotherapy","volume":"34","author":"Orban","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03656.x","article-title":"Immunological efficacy of heat shock protein 60 peptide DiaPep277 therapy in clinical type I diabetes","volume":"152","author":"Huurman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1486","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of circulating autoreactive CD8+ T-cells specific for different islet cell-associated epitopes using combinatorial MHC multimers","volume":"59","author":"Velthuis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03523","article-title":"Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"435","author":"Nakayama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00009-0","article-title":"Proinsulin-a pathogenic autoantigen in type 1 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Narendran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.09.018","article-title":"GAD65- and proinsulin-specific CD4+ T-cells detected by MHC class II tetramers in peripheral blood of type 1 diabetes patients and at-risk subjects","volume":"25","author":"Oling","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508621102","article-title":"Autoreactive CD8 T cells associated with beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes","volume":"102","author":"Pinkse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-293","article-title":"The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Pugliese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118919","article-title":"Oral insulin treatment suppresses virus-induced antigen-specific destruction of beta cells and prevents autoimmune diabetes in transgenic mice","volume":"98","author":"von Herrath","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02255.x","article-title":"Coupling of oral human or porcine insulin to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) overcomes critical antigenic differences for prevention of type I diabetes","volume":"134","author":"Petersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1068","article-title":"Effects of oral insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes: the diabetes prevention trial \u2014 type 1","volume":"28","author":"Skyler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051482","article-title":"No effect of oral insulin on residual beta-cell function in recent-onset type I diabetes (the IMDIAB VII). IMDIAB Group","volume":"43","author":"Pozzilli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02579-4","article-title":"Oral insulin administration and residual beta-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Diabete Insuline Orale group","volume":"356","author":"Chaillous","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1309.057","article-title":"Oral insulin therapy to prevent progression of immune-mediated (type 1) diabetes","volume":"1029","author":"Ergun-Longmire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0561","article-title":"Virtual optimization of nasal insulin therapy predicts immunization frequency to be crucial for diabetes protection","volume":"59","author":"Fousteri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2348","article-title":"Pancreatic beta-cell function and immune responses to insulin after administration of intranasal insulin to humans at risk for type 1 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Harrison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100151","article-title":"Vaccination against self to prevent autoimmune disease: the type 1 diabetes model","volume":"86","author":"Harrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61309-4","article-title":"Nasal insulin to prevent type 1 diabetes in children with HLA genotypes and autoantibodies conferring increased risk of disease: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Nanto-Salonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1360","article-title":"Evidence that nasal insulin induces immune tolerance to insulin in adults with autoimmune diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Fourlanos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-008-0017-y","article-title":"Modulating the natural history of type 1 diabetes in children at high genetic risk by mucosal insulin immunization","volume":"8","author":"Achenbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91215-8","article-title":"Insulin prophylaxis in individuals at high risk of type I diabetes","volume":"341","author":"Keller","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012350","article-title":"Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"346","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0545","series-title":"One-Year Results from a Phase 1\/2 Clinical Trial of BHT-3021, a DNA Plasmid Vaccine for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), 70th Scientific Sessions, June 25\u201329, 2010","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/80516","article-title":"Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83\u201399) in multiple sclerosis: results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand","volume":"6","author":"Bielekova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/347151a0","article-title":"Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase","volume":"347","author":"Baekkeskov","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116431","article-title":"Demonstration of GAD-65 as the main immunogenic isoform of glutamate decarboxylase in type 1 diabetes and determination of autoantibodies using a radioligand produced by eukaryotic expression","volume":"91","author":"Velloso","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9841","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9841","article-title":"Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in preclinical insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"89","author":"De Aizpurua","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90940-I","article-title":"Inverse relation between humoral and cellular immunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase in subjects at risk of insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"341","author":"Harrison","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117822","article-title":"Glutamate decarboxylase-, insulin-, and islet cell-antibodies and HLA typing to detect diabetes in a general population-based study of Swedish children","volume":"95","author":"Hagopian","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005313222202","article-title":"Autoantibodies to GABA-ergic neurons and pancreatic beta cells in stiff-man syndrome","volume":"322","author":"Solimena","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02431-4","article-title":"Immune reactivity to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 in stiffman syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"356","author":"Lohmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1994.1049","article-title":"Natural history of humoral immunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice","volume":"7","author":"De Aizpurua","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/366072a0","article-title":"Immune response to glutamic acid decarboxylase correlates with insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"366","author":"Tisch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/366069a0","article-title":"Spontaneous loss of T-cell tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase in murine insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"366","author":"Kaufman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030215","article-title":"Normal incidence of diabetes in NOD mice tolerant to glutamic acid decarboxylase","volume":"197","author":"Jaeckel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.12.1478","article-title":"Neonatal tolerization with glutamic acid decarboxylase but not with bovine serum albumin delays the onset of diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"43","author":"Petersen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.2122","article-title":"Antigen-specific mediated suppression of beta cell autoimmunity by plasmid DNA vaccination","volume":"166","author":"Tisch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.941","article-title":"Therapy with GAD in diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2004.12.003","article-title":"Clinical evidence for the safety of GAD65 immunomodulation in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Agardh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0390","first-page":"S230","article-title":"GAD65 vaccination significantly reduces insulin dependence at five years follow-up in a dose escalating study in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes patients","volume":"51","author":"Agardh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804328","article-title":"GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1988-1","article-title":"Extended evaluation of the safety and efficacy of GAD treatment of children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.10.004","article-title":"GAD-alum treatment induces GAD65-specific CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ cells in type 1 diabetic patients","volume":"138","author":"Hjorth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03710.x","article-title":"Decreased GAD(65)-specific Th1\/Tc1 phenotype in children with Type 1 diabetes treated with GAD-alum","volume":"29","author":"Axelsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29008","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029008","article-title":"Long-lasting immune responses 4years after GAD-alum treatment in children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Axelsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60895-7","article-title":"Antigen-based therapy with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) vaccine in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised double-blind trial","volume":"378","author":"Wherrett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107096","article-title":"GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"366","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1576","article-title":"Induction and therapy of autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD\/Lt) mouse by a 65-kDa heat shock protein","volume":"87","author":"Elias","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3088","article-title":"Vaccination against autoimmune mouse diabetes with a T-cell epitope of the human 65-kDa heat shock protein","volume":"88","author":"Elias","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91582-2","article-title":"Peptide therapy for diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"343","author":"Elias","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251021","article-title":"Induction of diabetes in standard mice by immunization with the p277 peptide of a 60-kDa heat shock protein","volume":"25","author":"Elias","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1998.0262","article-title":"T cell proliferative responses of type 1 diabetes patients and healthy individuals to human hsp60 and its peptides","volume":"12","author":"Abulafia-Lapid","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06801-5","article-title":"Beta-cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes and immunomodulation with a heat-shock protein peptide (DiaPep277): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial","volume":"358","author":"Raz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28423","article-title":"Heat shock protein 60 enhances CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell function via innate TLR2 signaling","volume":"116","author":"Zanin-Zhorov","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.691","article-title":"Therapy with the hsp60 peptide DiaPep277 in C-peptide positive type 1 diabetes patients","volume":"23","author":"Huurman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.711","article-title":"Heat-shock protein peptide DiaPep277 treatment in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind phase II study","volume":"23","author":"Lazar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.707","article-title":"Effect of heat shock protein peptide DiaPep277 on beta-cell function in paediatric and adult patients with recent-onset diabetes mellitus type 1: two prospective, randomized, double-blind phase II trials","volume":"23","author":"Schloot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0560","article-title":"C-peptide response and HLA genotypes in subjects with recent-onset type 1 diabetes after immunotherapy with DiaPep277: an exploratory study","volume":"60","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27191","article-title":"Anti-CD3 and nasal proinsulin combination therapy enhances remission from recent-onset autoimmune diabetes by inducing Tregs","volume":"116","author":"Bresson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2434","article-title":"Microparticles bearing encephalitogenic peptides induce T-cell tolerance and ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"30","author":"Getts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0757-z","article-title":"Peptide-MHC-based nanovaccines for the treatment of autoimmunity: a \u201cone size fits all\u201d approach?","volume":"89","author":"Clemente-Casares","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14527","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805204105","article-title":"ECDI-fixed allogeneic splenocytes induce donor-specific tolerance for long-term survival of islet transplants via two distinct mechanisms","volume":"105","author":"Luo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2009.02.005","article-title":"Insulin treatment in IA-2A-positive relatives of type 1 diabetic patients","volume":"35","author":"Vandemeulebroucke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661613000284?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661613000284?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T11:28:35Z","timestamp":1688038115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661613000284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521661613000284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trials in type 1 diabetes: Antigen-specific therapies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2013.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}