{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:09:04Z","timestamp":1788307744435,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:04:10Z","timestamp":1645653850000},"page":"108958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A global survey in the developmental landscape of possible vaccination strategies for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Gasmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shvetha","family":"Srinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Dadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Pivina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Gasmi Benahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Chirumbolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Bj\u00f8rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics","author":"Dhama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Vacc. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2020.1727993","article-title":"Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)\u2014current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments","volume":"40","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0015","article-title":"Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management","volume":"108545","author":"Gasmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30763-7","article-title":"Ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"395","author":"Yamey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-01146-0","article-title":"China\u2019s COVID vaccines are going global\u2014But questions remain","volume":"593","author":"Mallapaty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2021.07.003","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"71","author":"Ndwandwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00073-5","article-title":"The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape","volume":"19","author":"Andreadakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00982-X","article-title":"The CEPI centralised laboratory network: supporting COVID-19 vaccine development","volume":"397","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00151-8","article-title":"Evolution of the COVID-19 vaccine development landscape","volume":"19","author":"Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4278","article-title":"mRNA-based therapeutics\u2014developing a new class of drugs","volume":"13","author":"Sahin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2639-4","article-title":"Phase I\/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults","volume":"586","author":"Mulligan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1143","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Peiris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2004.07.009","article-title":"The chronology of the 2002\u20132003 SARS mini pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Cherry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2004.07.011","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): adults and children","volume":"5","author":"Zhong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24810","article-title":"Overview: the history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: novel or just like SARS","volume":"55","author":"Hon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.050219","article-title":"SARS vaccine development","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1408.002","article-title":"The molecular biology of SARS coronavirus","volume":"1102","author":"Satija","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2005.18.327","article-title":"Vaccine design for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.07.022","article-title":"Vaccine development against coronavirus (2003 To present): An overview, recent advances, current scenario, opportunities and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Badgujar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00695-2","article-title":"Coronavirus vaccine development: from SARS and MERS to COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S288877","article-title":"Review on up-to-date status of candidate vaccines for COVID-19 disease","volume":"14","author":"Belete","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2020.5703","article-title":"The novel insight of SARS-CoV-2 molecular biology and pathogenesis and therapeutic options","volume":"39","author":"Asghari","year":"2020","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16638-2","article-title":"Two linear epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicit neutralising antibodies in COVID-19 patients","volume":"11","author":"Poh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0125","first-page":"1","article-title":"A COVID-19 vaccine candidate using SpyCatcher multimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain induces potent neutralising antibody responses, nature","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81579-0","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of two severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine candidates in mice challenged with SARS coronavirus","volume":"87","author":"See","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/2965cfae-b77d-4014-8b7b-236e01a35492","article-title":"Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus","volume":"7","author":"Tseng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2013.427","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a perpetual challenge","volume":"33","author":"Al Hajjar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/216507991406200707","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)","volume":"62","author":"Phillips","year":"2014","journal-title":"Workplace Health Safety"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba8399","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba8399","article-title":"A single dose of ChAdOx1 MERS provides broad protective immunity against a variety of MERS-CoV strains","volume":"6","author":"van Doremalen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01781","article-title":"Recent advances in the vaccine development against Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus","volume":"10","author":"Yong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2016.1167603","article-title":"Vaccines for the prevention against the threat of MERS-CoV","volume":"15","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.02.012","article-title":"MERS-CoV spike nanoparticles protect mice from MERS-CoV infection","volume":"35","author":"Coleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60859-5","article-title":"MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?","volume":"385","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00554-20","article-title":"Single-dose, intranasal immunization with recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 expressing Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike protein protects mice from fatal MERS-CoV infection","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.104","article-title":"MERS-CoV vaccine candidates in development: the current landscape","volume":"34","author":"Modjarrad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6491738","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): infection, immunological response, and vaccine development","volume":"2019","author":"Mubarak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30477-3","article-title":"Vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"19","author":"Zumla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110108","article-title":"Recombinant protein targeting and opsonizing spike glycoprotein for enhancing SARS-CoV-2 phagocytosis","volume":"143","author":"Khattabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0200","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic","volume":"38","author":"Prompetchara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0205","series-title":"Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"Ahn","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22507.2","article-title":"In silico identification of vaccine targets for 2019-nCoV","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/v12030254","article-title":"Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31605-6","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"396","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.01.014","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in advanced clinical trials: where do we stand","volume":"172","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072657","article-title":"A review of SARS-CoV-2 and the ongoing clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00396-0","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in adults: preliminary report of an open-label and randomised phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31866-3","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1\/2 studies from Russia","volume":"396","author":"Logunov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32617-4","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine in healthy adults in Sierra Leone: a single-Centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1\/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"396","author":"Folegatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0255","series-title":"Covid-19: Oxford Team Begins Vaccine Trials in Brazil and South Africa to Determine Efficacy","author":"Mahase","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0260","first-page":"e11","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine candidate in healthy middle eastern adults (MERS002): an open-label, non-randomised, dose-escalation, phase 1b trial, the lancet","volume":"3","author":"Bosaeed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0265","first-page":"1","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Tropical Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100689","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of INO-4800 DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of an open-label, phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Tebas","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0275","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of INO-4800 DNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Preliminary Report of a Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Clinical Trial in Adults at High Risk of Viral Exposure","volume":"preprint","author":"Mammen","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.04.061","article-title":"An overview of current COVID-19 vaccine platforms","volume":"19","author":"Nagy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0285","first-page":"jiac016","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine INO-4800 induces durable immune responses capable of being boosted in a Phase 1 open-label trial","volume":"Jan 25","author":"Kraynyak","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0290","series-title":"Background Document on the Inactivated Vaccine Sinovac-CoronaVac against COVID-19: Background Document to the WHO Interim Recommendations for Use of the Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine, CoronaVac, Developed by Sinovac, 24 May 2021","author":"W.H. Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3470-5","article-title":"Effects of mesenchymal stem cell and fibroblast coating on immunogenic potential of prosthetic meshes in vitro","volume":"28","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0300","series-title":"Covid-19: UK Approves Pfizer and BioNTech Vaccine with Rollout Due to Start Next Week","author":"Mahase","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0305","author":"Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2011.70","article-title":"Return of inactivated whole-virus vaccine for superior efficacy","volume":"90","author":"Furuya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0315","first-page":"e590","article-title":"An interactive website tracking COVID-19 vaccine development, the lancet","volume":"9","author":"Shrotri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00360-1","article-title":"Advances in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Military Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6551","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00087-13","article-title":"Complete protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-mediated lethal respiratory disease in aged mice by immunization with a mouse-adapted virus lacking E protein","volume":"87","author":"Fett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30235-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0335","article-title":"A systematic review of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease","volume":"preprint","author":"Higdon","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.10.019","article-title":"Status of the current COVID-19 vaccine candidates: implications in the Saudi population","volume":"28","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceut. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0345","series-title":"COVID-19: Insights into Potential Vaccines. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 605, s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published \u2026","author":"Loo","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2927","article-title":"The Johnson & Johnson Vaccine for COVID-19","volume":"325","author":"Livingston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7018e2","article-title":"Safety monitoring of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine\u2014United States, march\u2013April 2021","volume":"70","author":"Shay","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2020.1837867","article-title":"Deciphering vaccines for COVID-19: where do we stand today?","volume":"43","author":"Baviskar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 Novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0370","article-title":"AAV manufacturing for clinical use: insights on current challenges from the upstream process perspective","volume":"20","author":"Dobrowsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1089\/gen.40.05.06","article-title":"Race for a coronavirus vaccine: thanks in part to institutional support, CanSino biologics, Moderna therapeutics, and other developers are exploring diverse approaches against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"40","author":"Ricks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9091047","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, anti-Ad5 antibodies, and Reactogenicity in response to Ad5-nCoV (CanSino biologics) vaccine in individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2","volume":"9","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Bello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.52569","article-title":"Current advances in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines","volume":"17","author":"Awadasseid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0390","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recombinant vaccines for COVID-19","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Vacc. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0395","article-title":"Coronavirus vaccine tracker","volume":"5","author":"Corum","year":"2020","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21634-1","article-title":"S-trimer, a COVID-19 subunit vaccine candidate, induces protective immunity in nonhuman primates","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030296","article-title":"Potent neutralization antibodies induced by a recombinant trimeric spike protein vaccine candidate containing PIKA adjuvant for COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00241-5","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of S-trimer (SCB-2019), a protein subunit vaccine candidate for COVID-19 in healthy adults: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Richmond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0415","series-title":"Medical Sciences and Biotechnology Book","first-page":"65","article-title":"SARS-Cov-2 vaccine development strategies","volume":"7","author":"Baran","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3","article-title":"Immune activation by bacterial DNA: a new genetic code","volume":"5","author":"Pisetsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806901105","article-title":"A consensus\u2013hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccine that protects mice against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2020.01.006","article-title":"DNA vaccines: prime time is now","volume":"65","author":"Gary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0435","first-page":"9","article-title":"Development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2020.0119","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 Vaccine development: an overview","volume":"34","author":"Sumirtanurdin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.243","article-title":"mRNA vaccines\u2014a new era in vaccinology","volume":"17","author":"Pardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-0159-8","article-title":"The promise of mRNA vaccines: a biotech and industrial perspective","volume":"5","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00208-7","article-title":"Virus-like particles as immunogens","volume":"11","author":"Noad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1737580","article-title":"Timely development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microb. Infect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000775","article-title":"Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020138","article-title":"Plant-based vaccines in combat against coronavirus diseases","volume":"10","author":"Ortega-Berlanga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0475","first-page":"6","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine development, trials and tribulations","volume":"5","author":"Sebastian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0167521","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01675-21","article-title":"Virus-like particles containing the E2 Core domain of hepatitis C virus generate broadly neutralizing antibodies in Guinea pigs","volume":"96","author":"McGregor","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0485","first-page":"1","article-title":"Could BCG be used to protect against COVID-19?","author":"Redelman-Sidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000355628","article-title":"Long-lasting effects of BCG vaccination on both heterologous Th1\/Th17 responses and innate trained immunity","volume":"6","author":"Kleinnijenhuis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Innate Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.12.010","article-title":"BCG vaccination protects against experimental viral infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity","volume":"23","author":"Arts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc1463","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc1463","article-title":"Mandated Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination predicts flattened curves for the spread of COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(20)30836-8","article-title":"Trials of BCG vaccine will test for covid-19 protection","volume":"246","author":"Lawton","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Scientist (1971)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2720-9","article-title":"BCG vaccination policy and preventive chloroquine usage: do they have an impact on COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13365","article-title":"BCG vaccination early in life does not improve COVID-19 outcome of elderly populations, based on nationally reported data","volume":"71","author":"Wassenaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0520","article-title":"Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study","volume":"preprint","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jphp.3200008","article-title":"Preparing for pandemic vaccination: an international policy agenda for vaccine development","volume":"26","author":"Fedson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Public Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0530","series-title":"National Academies of Sciences, Medicine, a Spectrum of Considerations for Pandemic Vaccines, Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks: Readiness for 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop","author":"Nicholson","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00151-8","article-title":"The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape","volume":"19","author":"Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2005630","article-title":"Developing Covid-19 vaccines at pandemic speed","volume":"382","author":"Lurie","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0545","first-page":"1240","article-title":"RNA vaccines for COVID-19: 5 things every cardiologist should know, basic to translational","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0550","article-title":"Covid-19: Moderna vaccine is nearly 95% effective, trial involving high risk and elderly people shows","volume":"371","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0555","series-title":"Covid-19: FDA Panel Votes to Approve Pfizer BioNTech Vaccine","author":"Tanne","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-020-00040-7","article-title":"Global efforts on vaccines for COVID-19: since, sooner or later, we all will catch the coronavirus","volume":"45","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057755","article-title":"Risk in vaccine research and development quantified","volume":"8","author":"Pronker","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0570","article-title":"Report 9 - impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand","volume":"9","author":"Ferguson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Imperial College Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958_bb0575","author":"WHO"}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661622000389?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661622000389?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:07:41Z","timestamp":1761494861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661622000389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":115,"alternative-id":["S1521661622000389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A global survey in the developmental landscape of possible vaccination strategies for COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108958","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108958"}}