{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:08:03Z","timestamp":1779192483121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":232,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T17:52:00Z","timestamp":1773942720000},"page":"110701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A disorder of impaired innate immune resolution \u2013 A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Mahd","family":"Rauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahsan","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Umer","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01810-6","article-title":"Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes","volume":"28","author":"Choutka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-062570","article-title":"Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in children","volume":"153","author":"Rao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403211","article-title":"Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pre-delta, delta, and omicron eras","volume":"391","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105792","article-title":"Symptoms and pathophysiology of post-acute sequelae following COVID-19 (PASC): a cohort study","volume":"117","author":"Robineau","year":"2025","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00904-7","article-title":"The immunology of long COVID","volume":"23","author":"Altmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589231158041","article-title":"The role of immune activation and antigen persistence in acute and long COVID","volume":"71","author":"Opsteen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end","volume":"6","author":"Serhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1600149","article-title":"Molecular dynamics of inflammation resolution: therapeutic implications","volume":"13","author":"Soliman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01296-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201948478","article-title":"Manipulation of epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity by host and microbiota-derived metabolites","volume":"50","author":"Kayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.698169","article-title":"Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): an overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms","volume":"12","author":"Proal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092176","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expression and activation in COVID-19 and long COVID: from SARS-CoV-2 escape mechanisms to emerging PRR-targeted immunotherapies","volume":"13","author":"Maddaloni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/v17101310","article-title":"Insights into persistent SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs in chronic long COVID","volume":"17","author":"Prakash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0070","series-title":"Chronic Viral Reactivation and Associated Host Immune Response and Clinical Outcomes in Acute COVID-19 and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19","author":"Maguire","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071103","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a possible impact of LPS and (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan in blood from gut translocation","volume":"11","author":"Saithong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001952R","article-title":"Resolvin D1 and D2 reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses in cystic fibrosis macrophages","volume":"35","author":"Recchiuti","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0085","article-title":"Absence of type I interferon autoantibodies or significant interferon signature alterations in adults with post\u2013COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Achleitner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38682-4","article-title":"Persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Talla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg7942","article-title":"Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active long COVID","volume":"383","author":"Cervia-Hasler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0100","series-title":"Role of the Complement System in Long COVID","author":"Farztdinov","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0105","series-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Key Pathway in the Affective and Chronic Fatigue Symptoms of Long COVID","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01323-9","article-title":"Human herpesvirus reactivation and its potential role in the pathogenesis of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"47","author":"G\u00e1sp\u00e1r","year":"2024","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9141","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169141","article-title":"Plasma microbiome in COVID-19 subjects: an indicator of gut barrier defects and dysbiosis","volume":"23","author":"Prasad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121393","article-title":"DAMPs\/PAMPs induce monocytic TLR activation and tolerance in COVID-19 patients; nucleic acid binding scavengers can counteract such TLR agonists","volume":"283","author":"Naqvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2025.111249","article-title":"Convalescent COVID-19 monocytes exhibit altered steady-state gene expression and reduced TLR2, TLR4 and RIG-I induced cytokine expression","volume":"86","author":"Unterberger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01601-2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)","volume":"24","author":"Proal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00937-x","article-title":"TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02593-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 induces neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia","volume":"59","author":"Olajide","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1368946","article-title":"TLR2\/4 are novel activating receptors for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on NK cells","volume":"15","author":"Landolina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09410-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in mouse via non-cell autonomous hippocampal neuronal death","volume":"12","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.11.007","article-title":"Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meningesbrain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"32","author":"Rong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149633","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is driven by zonulin-dependent loss of gut mucosal barrier","volume":"131","author":"Yonker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300046","article-title":"Long-term dysfunction of taste papillae in SARS-CoV-2","volume":"2","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"NEJM Evid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00171-3","article-title":"The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues and its association with long COVID symptoms: a cross-sectional cohort study in China","volume":"24","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.04.001","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest prolonged gastrointestinal infection","volume":"3","author":"Natarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108628","article-title":"MDA5 governs the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cells","volume":"34","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1066456","article-title":"Distinct SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments activate toll-like receptors 7 and 8 and induce cytokine release from human macrophages and microglia","volume":"13","author":"Wallach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2543","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: the trinity of oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"34","author":"Schwartz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.687513","article-title":"Oral microbiome dysbiosis is associated with symptoms severity and local immune\/inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Soffritti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1517154","article-title":"Microbial dysbiosis in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: pathogenesis, immune responses, and therapeutic","volume":"15","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.158193","article-title":"EBV\/HHV-6A dUTPases contribute to myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome pathophysiology by enhancing TFH cell differentiation and extrafollicular activities","volume":"7","author":"Cox","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163669","article-title":"Chronic viral coinfections differentially affect the likelihood of developing long COVID","volume":"133","author":"Peluso","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29864","article-title":"From human herpes virus-6 reactivation to autoimmune reactivity against tight junctions and neuronal antigens, to inflammation, depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome due to long COVID","volume":"96","author":"Maes","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.2.851","article-title":"The EBV-encoded dUTPase activates NF-\u03baB through the TLR2 and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway1","volume":"182","author":"Ariza","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.009","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus dUTPase induces neuroinflammatory mediators: implications for myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0230","series-title":"An HERV-W ENV Transcription in Atypical Memory B Cells Linked to COVID-19 Evolution and Risk for Long COVID can Express the Encoded Protein from a Ribosome Read through of mRNA from Chromosome X","author":"Brunel","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050996","article-title":"High expression of HERV-K (HML-2) might stimulate interferon in COVID-19 patients","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106604","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 awakens ancient retroviral genes and the expression of proinflammatory HERV-W envelope protein in COVID-19 patients","volume":"26","author":"Charvet","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein triggers gut impairment since mucosal barrier to innermost layers: from basic science to clinical relevance","volume":"17","author":"Nascimento","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0250","article-title":"Plasma markers of disrupted gut permeability in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Giron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0255","first-page":"32","article-title":"Characterization of oral and gut microbiome and plasma metabolomics in COVID-19 patients after 1-year follow-up","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05672","article-title":"HMGB1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for severe COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-024-00740-4","article-title":"Increasing plasma calprotectin (S100A8\/A9) is associated with 12-month mortality and unfavourable functional outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Didriksson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.996637","article-title":"Dok3 restrains neutrophil production of calprotectin during TLR4 sensing of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein","volume":"13","author":"Loh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9080956","article-title":"Calprotectin and SARS-CoV-2: a brief-report of the current literature","volume":"9","author":"Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13623","article-title":"The role of HMGB1 in COVID-19-induced cytokine storm and its potential therapeutic targets: a review","volume":"169","author":"Wulandari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122650","article-title":"High mobility group box-1 and blood\u2013brain barrier disruption","volume":"9","author":"Nishibori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno2030033","article-title":"Long COVID (PASC) is maintained by a self-sustaining pro-inflammatory TLR4\/RAGE-loop of S100A8\/A9 > TLR4\/RAGE signalling, inducing chronic expression of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa: anti-inflammatory Ezrin peptides as potential therapy","volume":"2","author":"Holms","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immuno"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00800-3","article-title":"Sensing of cytoplasmic chromatin by cGAS activates innate immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04421-w","article-title":"The cGAS\u2013STING pathway drives type I IFN immunopathology in COVID-19","volume":"603","author":"Domizio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0305","first-page":"C57","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolic manipulation by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with COVID-19","volume":"320","author":"Ajaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Cell Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.780768","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy impairment","volume":"12","author":"Shang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52803-7","article-title":"A basally active cGAS-STING pathway limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a subset of ACE2 positive airway cell models","volume":"15","author":"Puray-Chavez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2021.106946","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA and TLR9 activation contribute to SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial cell damage","volume":"142","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02983-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a pro-inflammatory cytokine response through cGAS-STING and NF-\u03baB","volume":"5","author":"Neufeldt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00409-z","article-title":"HMGB1 orchestrates STING-mediated senescence via TRIM30\u03b1 modulation in cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23890","article-title":"cGAS senses long and HMGB\/TFAM-bound U-turn DNA by forming protein\u2013DNA ladders","volume":"549","author":"Andreeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102295","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and HIV-1 derived ssRNA sequences activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages through a non-classical pathway","volume":"24","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E22-02-0045","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 down-regulates ACE2 through lysosomal degradation","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072096","article-title":"ACE2 as a therapeutic target for COVID-19; its role in infectious processes and regulation by modulators of the RAAS system","volume":"9","author":"Michaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01831-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein","volume":"28","author":"Albornoz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-10010-z","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 is expressed on very small CD45\u2212 precursors of hematopoietic and endothelial cells and in response to virus spike protein activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome","volume":"17","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25015-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 N protein promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation to induce hyperinflammation","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1064293","article-title":"SARS-COV-2 viroporins activate the NLRP3-inflammasome by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore","volume":"14","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00916-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 6 triggers NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis by targeting ATP6AP1","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2797-4","article-title":"Cells of the adult human heart","volume":"588","author":"Litvi\u0148ukov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.05.055","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects human cardiomyocytes promoted by inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"362","author":"Tangos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi114","article-title":"Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans","volume":"26","author":"Burrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa078","article-title":"The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.570251","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome: the stormy link between obesity and COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"L\u00f3pez-Reyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20201348","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory state in type 1 diabetes: triggered by NLRP3\/iNOS pathway and attenuated by docosahexaenoic acid","volume":"135","author":"Davanso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091880","article-title":"Myocardial damage by SARS-CoV-2: emerging mechanisms and therapies","volume":"13","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112178","article-title":"Macrophages and monocytes: \u201cTrojan horses\u201d in COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Percivalle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050785","article-title":"Modulation of paracellular permeability in SARS-CoV-2 blood-to-brain transcytosis","volume":"16","author":"Martinez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-022-00510-2","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles mediate antibody-resistant transmission of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"9","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00612-6","article-title":"The cellular and molecular cardiac tissue responses in human inflammatory cardiomyopathies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"4","author":"Maatz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13161331","article-title":"Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 activates cardiac fibrogenesis through NLRP3 inflammasomes and NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"13","author":"Van Tin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.02.008","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, impairing electrical and mechanical function","volume":"16","author":"Marchiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1413-8","article-title":"Recent advances in the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.41970","article-title":"Body mass index and postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young adults","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.013","article-title":"Western diet triggers NLRP3-dependent innate immune reprogramming","volume":"172","author":"Christ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.934264","article-title":"Activation of the AIM2 receptor in circulating cells of post-COVID-19 patients with signs of lung fibrosis is associated with the release of IL-1\u03b1, IFN-\u03b1 and TGF-\u03b2","volume":"13","author":"Colarusso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113033","article-title":"Lung inflammasome activation in SARS-CoV-2 post-mortem biopsies","volume":"23","author":"Baena Carstens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04802-1","article-title":"Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology","volume":"606","author":"Sefik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.212.supp.1084.4940","article-title":"Proximal immune-epithelial progenitor interactions drive chronic tissue sequelae post-COVID-19","volume":"212","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.02.003","article-title":"Specialized pro-resolving mediators in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"58","author":"Fredman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0485","article-title":"Acute severe SARS COVID-19 patients produce pro-resolving lipids mediators and eicosanoids","volume":"25","author":"Regidor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20200018","article-title":"Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: an update on production and actions","volume":"64","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2022.101605","article-title":"Specialized pro-resolving mediators as modulators of immune responses","volume":"59","author":"Julliard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74443","article-title":"Efferocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected dying cells impairs macrophage anti-inflammatory functions and clearance of apoptotic cells","volume":"11","author":"Salina","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.80699","article-title":"Locked in a pro-inflammatory state","volume":"11","author":"Wang Chau","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0510","article-title":"Persistent immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations following SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"Lage","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedRxiv Prepr. Serv. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.019","article-title":"Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors","volume":"186","author":"Cheong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0520","series-title":"Identification of a Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Subset that Retains Memory of Inflammatory Stress","author":"Zeng","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0525","article-title":"Epigenome-wide association study of COVID-19 severity with respiratory failure","volume":"66","author":"de Moura","year":"2021","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05282-z","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 disrupts host epigenetic regulation via histone mimicry","volume":"610","author":"Kee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297262","article-title":"Epigenetic repression of antiviral genes by SARS-CoV-2 NSP1","volume":"19","author":"Anastasakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01344-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 restructures host chromatin architecture","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.07.007","article-title":"Elevated glucose levels favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and monocyte response through a HIF-1\u03b1\/glycolysis-dependent axis","volume":"32","author":"Codo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.799558","article-title":"Persistent oxidative stress and inflammasome activation in CD14 high CD16\u2212 monocytes from COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Lage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01015-8","article-title":"Metabolic regulation in the induction of trained immunity","volume":"46","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0560","article-title":"Transcriptome changes of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients by scRNA-seq","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01416-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus dysregulates hematopoiesis and induces inflammaging of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells","volume":"57","author":"Chae","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1159\/000535120","article-title":"Human monocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 display features of innate immune memory producing high levels of CXCL10 upon restimulation","volume":"15","author":"Cvetkovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04702-4","article-title":"Fc\u03b3R-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation","volume":"606","author":"Junqueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1460089","article-title":"Cyclophilin\u2013CD147 interaction enables SARS-CoV-2 infection of human monocytes and their activation via toll-like receptors 7 and 8","volume":"16","author":"Tajti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.06.25.449905","article-title":"Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 protein in CD16+ monocytes in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 months post-infection","volume":"12","author":"Patterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0590","series-title":"The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Persistence in Inducing Chronic Type I Interferon and Mitochondrial Dysfunction","author":"Koenig","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.831763","article-title":"The S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates human monocytes to produce cytokines linked to COVID-19: relevance to galectin-3","volume":"13","author":"Schroeder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.700782","article-title":"Immune-based prediction of COVID-19 severity and chronicity decoded using machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Patterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9091253","article-title":"Alterations in circulating monocytes predict COVID-19 severity and include chromatin modifications still detectable six months after recovery","volume":"9","author":"Utrero-Rico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0610","article-title":"The IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Schulthei\u00df","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1329026","article-title":"Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients","volume":"14","author":"Ravkov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1502937","article-title":"Identification of an immunological signature of long COVID syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Guerrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1151780","article-title":"Elevated circulating monocytes and monocyte activation in COVID-19 convalescent individuals","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.07.011","article-title":"Longitudinal landscape of immune reconstitution after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection at single-cell resolution","volume":"70","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1254899","article-title":"Immunological profiling in long COVID: overall low grade inflammation and T-lymphocyte senescence and increased monocyte activation correlating with increasing fatigue severity","volume":"14","author":"Berentschot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02226-2022","article-title":"Monocyte migration profiles define disease severity in acute COVID-19 and unique features of long COVID","volume":"61","author":"Scott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01754-8","article-title":"Iron dysregulation and inflammatory stress erythropoiesis associates with long-term outcome of COVID-19","volume":"25","author":"Hanson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.682871","article-title":"The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Kosyreva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01661-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in lung alveolar macrophages is controlled by IFN-\u03b3 and NK cells","volume":"24","author":"Huot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114150","article-title":"Long-lived macrophage reprogramming drives spike protein-mediated inflammasome activation in COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Theobald","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.08.018","article-title":"Antiviral innate immune memory in alveolar macrophages following SARS-CoV-2 infection ameliorates secondary influenza A virus disease","volume":"57","author":"Lercher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1044662","article-title":"MyD88-dependent signaling drives toll-like receptor-induced trained immunity in macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Owen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd6832","article-title":"Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity","volume":"5","author":"Maucourant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2361019","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection induces adaptive NK cell responses by spike protein-mediated induction of HLA-E expression","volume":"13","author":"Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05677-3","article-title":"Changes in the cytotoxic and regulatory functions of NK cells in patients with long-COVID under the influence of the human herpesvirus 6 (pilot study)","volume":"44","author":"Zubchenko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0690","series-title":"Unveiling the Immune Landscape of COVID-19 and Prolonged Long-COVID through Single-Cell RNA Sequencing","author":"Spri\u0146\u0123e","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107634","article-title":"\u03b2-glucan induces protective trained immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a key role for IL-1","volume":"31","author":"Moorlag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0700","article-title":"The oral microbiota and cardiometabolic health: a comprehensive review and emerging insights","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653208","article-title":"Amino acid Trp: the far out impacts of host and commensal tryptophan metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Grifka-Walk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152296","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites maintain gut and systemic homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-025-00461-x","article-title":"Beyond energy: how TCA cycle-derived metabolites regulate gene expression and inflammation in the nucleus","volume":"22","author":"Randhawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1384939","article-title":"COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens","volume":"14","author":"Raj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202500802R","article-title":"Trained immunity induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein is dependent on glutaminolysis","volume":"39","author":"Scarpa","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1182544","article-title":"Increase in gut permeability and oxidized ldl is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"14","author":"Mouchati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048651","article-title":"Palmitate-TLR4 signaling regulates the histone demethylase, JMJD3, in macrophages and impairs diabetic wound healing","volume":"50","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2025.100774","article-title":"Palmitic acid alters enhancers\/super-enhancers near inflammatory and efferocytosis-associated genes in human monocytes","volume":"66","author":"Tanwar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0745","article-title":"Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation regulates monocytic type I interferon signaling via histone acetylation","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00881-3","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 drive a CXCL10+ CCL2+ macrophage phenotype expanded in severe COVID-19 lungs and inflammatory diseases with tissue inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab437","article-title":"Increased peripheral blood neutrophil activation phenotypes and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a case series and review of the literature","volume":"74","author":"Masso-Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.152291","article-title":"A functionally distinct neutrophil landscape in severe COVID-19 reveals opportunities for adjunctive therapies","volume":"7","author":"Panda","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.02.033","article-title":"NETosis induction reflects COVID-19 severity and long COVID: insights from a 2-center patient cohort study in Israel","volume":"21","author":"Krinsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201129","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2\u2013triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology","volume":"217","author":"Veras","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28209","article-title":"Persistence of neutrophil extracellular traps and anticardiolipin auto-antibodies in post-acute phase COVID-19 patients","volume":"95","author":"Pisareva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2021.21.e16","article-title":"Nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 drive neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"21","author":"Youn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00845-6","article-title":"Histones released by NETosis enhance the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 by bridging the spike protein subunit 2 and sialic acid on host cells","volume":"19","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04062-5","article-title":"Gasdermin-D activation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers NET and mediate COVID-19 immunopathology","volume":"26","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001180","article-title":"Neutrophils activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells by releasing self-DNA-peptide complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"3","author":"Lande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05273-0","article-title":"Dysregulated naive B cells and de novo autoreactivity in severe COVID-19","volume":"611","author":"Woodruff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0805","article-title":"Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long COVID symptoms","volume":"61","author":"Son","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150111","article-title":"Autoantibodies stabilize neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02536","article-title":"DAMPs and NETs in sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Denning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007008","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Middleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120180","article-title":"Circulating levels of PADs and citrullinated histone H3 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: influence of genetic polymorphisms","volume":"569","author":"Adriana Guti\u00e9rrez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.04.006","article-title":"PAD4 inhibition impacts immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"18","author":"Bonilha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqac002","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 S protein subunit 1 elicits Ca2+ influx \u2013 dependent Ca2+ signals in pancreatic stellate cells and macrophages in situ","volume":"3","author":"Gerasimenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01556-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain perturbates intracellular calcium homeostasis and impairs pulmonary vascular endothelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2024.107458","article-title":"Targeting the Ca2+ signaling toolkit as an alternative strategy to mitigate SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiovascular adverse events","volume":"158","author":"Scorza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb799","article-title":"Structural basis for Ca2+\u2212induced activation of human PAD4","volume":"11","author":"Arita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05560-6","article-title":"Multi-omics landscapes reveal heterogeneity in long COVID patients characterized with enhanced neutrophil activity","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40012-7","article-title":"Chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, and autoreactivity splits long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Woodruff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01459-x","article-title":"Neutrophil activation and immune thrombosis profiles persist in convalescent COVID-19","volume":"43","author":"Hocini","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0870","series-title":"Blood Pro-Thrombotic Analytes and Platelet Activation Predict Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19","author":"Whitcomb","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo5795","article-title":"A persistent neutrophil-associated immune signature characterizes post\u2013COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae","volume":"14","author":"George","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.7308","article-title":"Assessment of neutrophil extracellular traps in coronary thrombus of a case series of patients with COVID-19 and myocardial infarction","volume":"6","author":"Blasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102545","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to COVID-19 hyperinflammation and humoral autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Torres-Ruiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20220016","article-title":"A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID\/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications","volume":"479","author":"Kell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0895","series-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Amyloid Fibrils Impair Fibrin Formation and Fibrinolysis","author":"Westman","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01623-4","article-title":"Proteomics of fibrin amyloid microclots in long COVID\/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) shows many entrapped pro-inflammatory molecules that may also contribute to a failed fibrinolytic system","volume":"21","author":"Kruger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0905","series-title":"Circulating Microclots are Structurally Associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and their Amounts are Strongly Elevated in Long COVID Patients","author":"Pretorius","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20230241","article-title":"Are fibrinaloid microclots a cause of autoimmunity in long COVID and other post-infection diseases?","volume":"480","author":"Kell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.663303","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition: implications in post-COVID-19 fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01114-w","article-title":"Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules","volume":"23","author":"Stravalaci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01133-5","article-title":"Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates inflammation by MASP-2-mediated lectin complement pathway overactivation","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00061-0","article-title":"Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies","volume":"43","author":"Bermejo-Jambrina","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.767981","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 antibodies mediate complement and cellular driven inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Jarlhelt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102560","article-title":"Complement activation and endothelial perturbation parallel COVID-19 severity and activity","volume":"116","author":"Cugno","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051371","article-title":"The role of NETosis and complement activation in COVID-19-associated coagulopathies","volume":"11","author":"Ghanbari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0950","series-title":"Complement Activation was not Increased in Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae After Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study","author":"Holmqvist","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13783","article-title":"Escalated complement activation during hospitalization is associated with higher risk of 60-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients","volume":"296","author":"Barratt-Due","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.01.011","article-title":"Complement dysregulation is a prevalent and therapeutically amenable feature of long COVID","volume":"5","author":"Baillie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.11.008","article-title":"The role of the lectin pathway of the complement system in SARS-CoV-2 lung injury","volume":"231","author":"Malaquias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abg0833","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 drives JAK1\/2-dependent local complement hyperactivation","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01113-x","article-title":"Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"23","author":"Phetsouphanh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2024.2389481","article-title":"Interferon gene expression declines over time post-COVID infection and in long COVID patients","volume":"57","author":"G\u00f3mez-Carballa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaf008","article-title":"Correlation of interferons and autoimmune aspects in long COVID-19 patients","volume":"37","author":"Hattori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4585","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Bastard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27318-0","article-title":"Delayed induction of type I and III interferons mediates nasal epithelial cell permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"12","author":"Hatton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi9379","article-title":"Spontaneous, persistent, T cell\u2013dependent IFN-\u03b3 release in patients who progress to long COVID","volume":"10","author":"Krishna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adn0136","article-title":"Comparative single-cell analysis reveals IFN-\u03b3 as a driver of respiratory sequelae after acute COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112189","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces TLR4-mediated long-term cognitive dysfunction recapitulating post-COVID-19 syndrome in mice","volume":"42","author":"Fontes-Dantas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26350","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins in neural-derived exosomes of COVID-19","volume":"91","author":"Peluso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111027","article-title":"TLR2\/NF-\u03baB signaling in macrophage\/microglia mediated COVID-pain induced by SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein","volume":"27","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.12.012","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection causes dopaminergic neuron senescence","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01091-22","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of microglia elicits proinflammatory activation and apoptotic cell death","volume":"10","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg2248","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral fusogens cause neuronal and glial fusion that compromises neuronal activity","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00ednez-M\u00e1rmol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1158460","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters microglial purinergic signaling","volume":"14","author":"Alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115020","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein induces microglial NLRP3-dependent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice","volume":"383","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105131","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"146","author":"Buzhdygan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00719-9","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood\u2013brain barrier accompanied with basement membrane disruption without tight junctions alteration","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac151","article-title":"Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2023.10.016","article-title":"Relevance of complement immunity with brain fog in patients with long COVID","volume":"30","author":"Hagiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520970536","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 detection in gingival crevicular fluid","volume":"100","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9081068","article-title":"Oral mucosa could be an infectious target of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"9","author":"Okui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00232-5","article-title":"Altered oral and gut microbiota and its association with SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127055","article-title":"Oral dysbiosis and its linkage with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"261","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01417-4","article-title":"Alterations of the oral and gut mycobiome and cytokines during long-term follow-up of COVID-19 convalescents","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02872-3","article-title":"Characterization of oral bacterial and fungal microbiome in recovered COVID-19 patients","volume":"23","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2024.07.030","article-title":"Adult outpatients with long COVID infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Part 1: oral microbiota alterations","volume":"138","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1105","article-title":"Dynamic alterations of oral fungal microbiota in omicron infected patients","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.10.032","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants mediated tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming determines the disease pathophysiology in a hamster model","volume":"123","author":"Sardarni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.04015-24","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infectivity can be modulated through bacterial grooming of the glycocalyx","volume":"16","author":"Martino","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.152346","article-title":"Inflammation-type dysbiosis of the oral microbiome associates with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms and long COVID","volume":"6","author":"Haran","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050708","article-title":"Could SARS-CoV-2 have bacteriophage behavior or induce the activity of other bacteriophages?","volume":"10","author":"Brogna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.109236.2","article-title":"Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 bacteriophage potential in human gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Petrillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2073131","article-title":"A high-risk gut microbiota configuration associates with fatal hyperinflammatory immune and metabolic responses to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"14","author":"Albrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104729","article-title":"Prolonged indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2 activity and associated cellular stress in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"94","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-023-00489-4","article-title":"Epigenetic modifier alpha-ketoglutarate modulates aberrant gene body methylation and hydroxymethylation marks in diabetic heart","volume":"16","author":"Dhat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6877","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.512269","article-title":"Modulation of ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) expression, \u03b1-ketoglutarate (\u03b1-KG), and DNA hydroxymethylation levels by interleukin-1\u03b2 in primary human chondrocytes *","volume":"289","author":"Haseeb","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1155","series-title":"Lower Airway and Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis in Patients with Long COVID Post-Hospitalisation: A UK Multicentre, Prospective Cohort Study","author":"de Lima Headley","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701_bb1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1208181","article-title":"Post-COVID sequelae effect in chronic fatigue syndrome: SARS-CoV-2 triggers latent adenovirus in the oral mucosa","volume":"10","author":"Hannestad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661626000392?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661626000392?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:38:59Z","timestamp":1779190739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661626000392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":232,"alternative-id":["S1521661626000392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A disorder of impaired innate immune resolution \u2013 A narrative review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110701","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110701"}}