{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:24:14Z","timestamp":1794263054184,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T23:06:39Z","timestamp":1738451199000},"page":"110892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quantitative abnormalities in the \u03b2-region of the electrophoretic profile of serum proteins as predictive markers of monoclonality: Machine learning for monoclonality prediction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Cherkaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavka","family":"Penickova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18-5-391","article-title":"What is the significance of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance?","volume":"18","author":"Atkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Med (lond)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709974","article-title":"Longterm follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance","volume":"378","author":"Kyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-09-568899","article-title":"Smoldering multiple myeloma","volume":"125","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0020","first-page":"373","article-title":"Multiple Myeloma: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"95","author":"Michels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateos, M.; Landgren, O. MGUS and smoldering multiple myeloma: Diagnosis and epidemiology. In Plasma Cell Dyscrasias; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2016; Volume 169, pp. 3\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40320-5_1"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.152280","article-title":"Specificity of serum and urine protein electrophoresis for the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies","volume":"56","author":"Katzmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e394","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.28","article-title":"Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: Prognosis and management","volume":"5","author":"Oza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-04-839480","article-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance: a novel concept with therapeutic implications","volume":"132","author":"Fermand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung N, Bridoux F, Hutchison CA, Nasr SH, Cockwell P, Fermand JP, Dispenzieri A, Song KW, Kyle RA; International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: when MGUS is no longer undetermined or insignificant. Blood. 2012 Nov 22;120(22):4292-5. 10.1182\/blood-2012-07-445304. Epub 2012 Oct 9. PMID: 23047823.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-445304"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054494","article-title":"Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance","volume":"354","author":"Kyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0055","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiology, Staging, and Management of Multiple Myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Padala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci (basel)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","article-title":"Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"78","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0794-CP","article-title":"Laboratory Detection and Initial Diagnosis of Monoclonal Gammopathies","volume":"146","author":"Keren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1373\/49.4.676","article-title":"Measurement of beta1- and beta2-globulins improves detection of M-spikes on high-resolution electrophoresis","volume":"49","author":"Narayan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0862","article-title":"Challenges of measuring monoclonal proteinsin serum","volume":"54","author":"Keren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.01.021","article-title":"Diagnostic implications of enumerating and reporting beta fraction(s) for the detection of beta-migrating monoclonal immunoglobulins in serum protein electrophoresis","volume":"53","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab108","article-title":"Reflexing Suspicious \u03b2-Region Findings on Capillary Serum Protein Electrophoresis to Immunofixation or Immunosubtraction for Detecting Monoclonal Proteins","volume":"157","author":"Kitson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2023.105088","article-title":"Prediction of disease comorbidity using explainable artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques: A systematic review","volume":"175","author":"Alsaleh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-023-02383-1","article-title":"Machine learning for the prediction of sepsis-related death: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.07.006","article-title":"Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning: Potential resources for the infection clinician","volume":"87","author":"Theodosiou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0105","unstructured":"Val\u00e9riane B, Bruno P, Bertand E, Lo\u00efc P, Vincent S, Anne F; Establishment of reference ranges for serum protein capillary electrophoresis in the pediatric population; Mithras analysis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Durie BG, Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Blade J, Merlini G, Kr\u00f6ger N, Einsele H, Vesole DH, Dimopoulos M, San Miguel J, Avet-Loiseau H, Hajek R, Chen WM, Anderson KC, Ludwig H, Sonneveld P, Pavlovsky S, Palumbo A, Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Greipp P, Vescio R, Turesson I, Westin J, Boccadoro M; International Myeloma Working Group. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: IMWG consensus perspectives risk factors for progression and guidelines for monitoring and management. Leukemia. 2010 Jun;24(6):1121-7. 10.1038\/leu.2010.60. Epub 2010 Apr 22. PMID: 20410922; PMCID: PMC7020664.).","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.60"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0115","article-title":"A predictive model based on random forest for shoulder-hand syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563213518758","article-title":"Serum-free light-chain assay: clinical utility and limitations","volume":"51","author":"Bhole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0125","first-page":"36S","article-title":"Can Serum Free Light Chains Be Used for the Early Diagnosis of Monoclonal Immunoglobulin-Secreting B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Diseases?","volume":"33","author":"Kagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fed Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2019032260","article-title":"Evaluation of Serum Free Light Chain in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Plasma Cell Disorders","volume":"39","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.09.023","article-title":"Assessment of the diagnostic performances of IgA heavy and light chain pairs in patients with IgA monoclonal gammopathy","volume":"46","author":"Wolff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892_b0140","first-page":"191","article-title":"Assessment of an expert system for the automated validation of electrophoretic profiles","volume":"61","author":"Dorizzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Lab."}],"container-title":["Clinical Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009912025000219?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0009912025000219?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T00:11:30Z","timestamp":1741479090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0009912025000219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0009912025000219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantitative abnormalities in the \u03b2-region of the electrophoretic profile of serum proteins as predictive markers of monoclonality: Machine learning for monoclonality prediction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Biochemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2025.110892","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110892"}}