{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:47:44Z","timestamp":1789951664431,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,8]],"date-time":"2004-07-08T00:34:31Z","timestamp":1089246871000},"page":"801-809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Active stability of the glenohumeral joint decreases in the apprehension position"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Labriola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Jolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Debski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200207000-00007","article-title":"Interplay of the static and dynamic restraints in glenohumeral instability","author":"Abboud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB2","first-page":"33","article-title":"3-D joint reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint during active motion","volume":"39","author":"Apreleva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ad. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.106321","article-title":"Experimental investigation of reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint during active abduction","volume":"9","author":"Apreleva","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90295-E","article-title":"Glenohumeral muscle force and moment mechanics in a position of shoulder instability","volume":"23","author":"Bassett","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/1058-2746(92)90091-G","article-title":"Anterior shoulder stability: contributions of rotator cuff forces and the capsular ligaments in a cadaver model","volume":"1","author":"Blasier","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90164-8","article-title":"The sensitivity of muscle force predictions to changes in physiologic cross-sectional area","volume":"19","author":"Brand","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200207000-00005","article-title":"Anatomy and function of the glenohumeral ligaments in anterior shoulder instability","author":"Burkart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500209","article-title":"Anterior stability of the glenohumeral joint. A dynamic model","volume":"15","author":"Cain","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(00)90054-5","article-title":"Prediction of muscle force involved in shoulder internal rotation","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4687(200009)245:3<206::AID-JMOR3>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Morphometry of Macaca mulatta forelimb. I. Shoulder and elbow muscles and segment inertial parameters","volume":"245","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199609000-00030","article-title":"Influence of glenohumeral prosthesis geometry and placement on shoulder muscle forces","author":"De Leest","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.13.2.135","article-title":"The use of surface electromyography in biomechanics","volume":"13","author":"Deluca","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840008915251","article-title":"The obstacle-set method for representing muscle paths in musculoskeletal models","volume":"3","author":"Garner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840008908000","article-title":"Musculoskeletal model of the upper limb based on the visible human male dataset","volume":"4","author":"Garner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199907150-00016","article-title":"Difficulties in estimating muscle forces from muscle cross-sectional area. An example using the psoas major muscle","volume":"24","author":"Gatton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870020-00009","article-title":"Dynamic electromyographic analysis of the throwing shoulder with glenohumeral instability","volume":"70","author":"Glousman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072090-00009","article-title":"Translation of the humeral head on the glenoid with passive glenohumeral motion","volume":"72","author":"Harryman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00008","article-title":"The role of the rotator interval capsule in passive motion and stability of the shoulder","volume":"74","author":"Harryman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)00134-P","article-title":"Structure and internal consistency of a shoulder model","volume":"28","author":"Hogfors","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB20","first-page":"127","article-title":"Incidence of shoulder dislocation in Sweden","author":"Hovelius","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.117128","article-title":"Long-term results with the Bankart and Bristow\u2013Latarjet procedures: recurrent shoulder instability and arthropathy","volume":"10","author":"Hovelius","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870020-00010","article-title":"Normal and abnormal mechanics of the glenohumeral joint in the horizontal plane","volume":"70","author":"Howell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199609000-00010","article-title":"Force analysis of rotator cuff muscles","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB24","first-page":"26","article-title":"Calculation of muscle strength per unit cross-sectional area of human muscle by means of ultrasonic measurement","volume":"26","author":"Ikai","year":"1968","journal-title":"Int. Z. Angew Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000016784","article-title":"Muscle sizes and moment arms of rotator cuff muscles determined by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"167","author":"Juul-Kristensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell. Tissue. Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140620","article-title":"Kinematics of the glenohumeral joint: influences of muscle forces, ligamentous constraints, and articular geometry","volume":"14","author":"Karduna","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90275-6","article-title":"Towards a model for force predictions in the human shoulder","volume":"25","author":"Karlsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.111959","article-title":"Glenohumeral mechanics: a study of articular geometry, contact, and kinematics","volume":"10","author":"Kelkar","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB29","first-page":"230","article-title":"A study of rotator cuff force vectors across the glenohumeral joint using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"14","author":"Klein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Transcr. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB30","first-page":"181","article-title":"Differences in shoulder muscle activity between patients with generalized joint laxity and normal controls","author":"Kronberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB31","first-page":"76","article-title":"Muscle activity and coordination in the normal shoulder. An electromyographic study","author":"Kronberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(97)70049-1","article-title":"Shoulder muscle moment arms during horizontal flexion and elevation","volume":"6","author":"Kuechle","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00091-8","article-title":"A model predicting individual shoulder muscle forces based on relationship between electromyographic and 3D external forces in static position","volume":"31","author":"Laursen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199601000-00013","article-title":"Effect of a chondral\u2013labral defect on glenoid concavity and glenohumeral stability. A cadaveric model","volume":"78","author":"Lazarus","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200207000-00006","article-title":"Dynamic glenohumeral stability provided by three heads of the deltoid muscle","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200006000-00012","article-title":"Dynamic glenohumeral stability provided by the rotator cuff muscles in the mid-range and end-range of motion. A study in cadavera","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80134-1","article-title":"Glenohumeral stability from concavity-compression: a quantitative analysis","volume":"2","author":"Lippett","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199308000-00008","article-title":"Loss of external rotation following anterior capsulorrhaphy of the shoulder","volume":"75","author":"Lusardi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB39","series-title":"Practical Evaluation and Management of the Shoulder","author":"Matsen","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200210001-00003","article-title":"Muscles may contribute to shoulder dislocation and stability","author":"McMahon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(05)80052-7","article-title":"Shoulder muscle forces and tendon excursions during glenohumeral abduction in the scapular plane","volume":"4","author":"Mcmahon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B3.9153","article-title":"The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Assessment of its permanent deformation and the anatomy of its glenoid attachment","volume":"81","author":"Mcmahon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Br."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90196-3","article-title":"The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament: biomechanical properties from tensile testing in the position of apprehension","volume":"7","author":"Mcmahon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280042801","article-title":"Arthroscopic management of glenohumeral instability","volume":"28","author":"Nelson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00142-6","article-title":"Modeling the stability of the human glenohumeral joint during external rotation","volume":"33","author":"Novotny","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90013-1","article-title":"Normal kinematics of the unconstrained glenohumeral joint under coupled moment loads","volume":"7","author":"Novotny","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(05)80024-2","article-title":"Capsular restraints to anterior\u2013posterior motion of the abducted shoulder: a biomechanical study","volume":"4","author":"O'brien","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200205000-00002","article-title":"Surgical treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability in American football players","volume":"84-A","author":"Pagnani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00137-1","article-title":"The effect of rotator cuff tears on reaction forces at the glenohumeral joint","volume":"20","author":"Parsons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658020-00006","article-title":"Normal and abnormal motion of the shoulder","volume":"58","author":"Poppen","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Bone Jnt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB51","first-page":"165","article-title":"Forces at the glenohumeral joint in abduction","author":"Poppen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(85)90037-5","article-title":"EMG and force production of some human shoulder muscles during isometric abduction","volume":"18","author":"Ringelberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB53","series-title":"The Shoulder","author":"Rockwood","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200119","article-title":"The role of the long head of the biceps muscle and superior glenoid labrum in anterior stability of the shoulder","volume":"22","author":"Rodosky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200207000-00008","article-title":"Open surgical repair restores joint forces that resist glenohumeral dislocation","author":"Sciaroni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400307","article-title":"A biomechanical analysis of rotator cuff deficiency in a cadaveric model","volume":"24","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.109412","article-title":"Glenohumeral translation after arthroscopic thermal capsuloplasty with a radiofrequency probe","volume":"9","author":"Tibone","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90065-5","article-title":"A finite element musculoskeletal model of the shoulder mechanism","volume":"27","author":"Van Der Helm","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90270-B","article-title":"Geometry parameters for musculoskeletal modelling of the shoulder system","volume":"25","author":"Van Der Helm","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90007-A","article-title":"Modeling the mechanical effect of muscles with large attachment sites: application to the shoulder mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Van Der Helm","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90294-W","article-title":"Inertia and muscle contraction parameters for musculoskeletal modeling of the shoulder mechanism","volume":"24","author":"Veeger","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200207000-00015","article-title":"Recent advances in arthroscopic repair of traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability","author":"Weiss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB63","series-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"Winter","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)E0006-O","article-title":"A dynamic shoulder model: reliability testing and muscle force study","volume":"28","author":"Wuelker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biomech."}],"container-title":["Clinical Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0268003304001172?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0268003304001172?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T04:50:37Z","timestamp":1549428637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0268003304001172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0268003304001172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-0033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-0033","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}}}