{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:39:28Z","timestamp":1789882768760,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","clinbiomech.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,8]],"date-time":"2017-07-08T18:00:47Z","timestamp":1499536847000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison of spinal stability following motor control and general exercises in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-7439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MohammadBagher","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Sarrafzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliashraf","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Arjmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Ghezelbash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0263-0","article-title":"Trunk biomechanical models based on equilibrium at a single-level violate equilibrium at other levels","volume":"16","author":"Arjmand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.011","article-title":"Constraining spine stability levels in an optimization model leads to the prediction of trunk muscle cocontraction and improved spine compression force estimates","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E350","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31828435fb","article-title":"Motor control exercises reduces pain and disability in chronic and recurrent low back pain: a meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Bystrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90282-8","article-title":"EMG assisted optimization: a hybrid approach for estimating muscle forces in an indeterminate biomechanical model","volume":"27","author":"Cholewicki","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)00035-6","article-title":"Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: implications for injury and chronic low back pain","volume":"11","author":"Cholewicki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00118-4","article-title":"Effects of external trunk loads on lumbar spine stability","volume":"33","author":"Cholewicki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.05.003","article-title":"A comparison of a maximum exertion method and a model-based, sub-maximum exertion method for normalizing trunk EMG","volume":"21","author":"Cholewicki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090218","article-title":"Motor control exercise for chronic low back pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Costa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.3.186","article-title":"Effects of three different training modalities on the cross sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"35","author":"Danneels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00041-5","article-title":"Trunk muscle activation in low-back pain patients, an analysis of the literature","volume":"13","author":"van Die\u00ebn","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000058939.51147.55","article-title":"Trunk muscle recruitment patterns in patients with low back pain enhance the stability of the lumbar spine","volume":"28","author":"van Die\u00ebn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.01.013","article-title":"An EMG-assisted model calibration technique that does not require MVCs","volume":"23","author":"Dufour","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(06)70043-5","article-title":"Specific stabilisation exercise for spinal and pelvic pain: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Ferreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. J. Physiother."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00064-X","article-title":"Trunk posture and spinal stability","volume":"16","author":"Granata","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.07.009","article-title":"A novel stability and kinematics-driven trunk biomechanical model to estimate muscle and spinal forces","volume":"36","author":"Hajihosseinali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1179\/108331907X222949","article-title":"Specific spinal stabilisation exercises in patients with low back pain-a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Hauggaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005644","article-title":"Feedforward contraction of transversus abdominis is not influenced by the direction of arm movement","volume":"114","author":"Hodges","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.2.132","article-title":"Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb","volume":"77","author":"Hodges","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.020","article-title":"Moving differently in pain: a new theory to explain the adaptation to pain","volume":"152","author":"Hodges","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0105","series-title":"Spinal Control: The Rehabilitation of Back Pain: State of the Art and Science","author":"Hodges","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2011.03.004","article-title":"An EMG-based model to estimate lumbar muscle forces and spinal loads during complex, high-effort tasks: development and application to residential construction using prefabricated walls","volume":"41","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.209","article-title":"Trunk muscle stabilization training plus general exercise versus general exercise only: randomized controlled trial of patients with recurrent low back pain","volume":"85","author":"Koumantakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2009.08.001","article-title":"The myth of core stability","volume":"14","author":"Lederman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-65","article-title":"Motor control or graded activity exercises for chronic low back pain? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Macedo","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080103","article-title":"Motor control exercise for persistent, nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Macedo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.05.018","article-title":"Comparison of trunk muscle forces, spinal loads and stability estimated by one stability-and three EMG-assisted optimization approaches","volume":"37","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E454","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000222141.61424.f7","article-title":"The Oswestry Disability Index, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: translation and validation studies of the Iranian versions","volume":"31","author":"Mousavi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00002","article-title":"The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis","volume":"5","author":"Panjabi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cr977oa","article-title":"Segmental stabilizing exercises and low back pain. What is the evidence? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Rackwitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0165","first-page":"73","article-title":"Modeling the human lumbar spine for assessing spinal loads, stability, and risk of injury","volume":"31","author":"Reeves","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016659","article-title":"Low back pain investigations and prognosis: a review","volume":"40","author":"Refshauge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1054\/math.1995.0243","article-title":"Muscle control\u2013pain control. What exercises would you prescribe?","volume":"1","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0180","series-title":"Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbopelvic Stabilization: A Motor Control Approach for the Treatment and Prevention of Low Back Pain","author":"Richardson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0185","series-title":"5th Interdisciplinary World Congress of Low Back and Pelvic Pain","article-title":"Reduced tonic activity of the deep trunk muscle during locomotion in people with low back pain","author":"Saunders","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2014.959144","article-title":"Comparing core stability and traditional trunk exercise on chronic low back pain patients using three functional lumbopelvic stability tests","volume":"31","author":"Shamsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00164-X","article-title":"Quantitative anatomy of the lumbar musculature","volume":"32","author":"Stokes","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00034-3","article-title":"Lumbar spinal muscle activation synergies predicted by multi-criteria cost function","volume":"34","author":"Stokes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0215","series-title":"Spinal Imaging","first-page":"111","article-title":"Evidence-based medicine for low back pain","author":"van Tulder","year":"2007"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011010-00011","article-title":"Exercise therapy for low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group","volume":"25","author":"van Tulder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0230","series-title":"WT Koiter's Elastic Stability of Solids and Structures","author":"Van der Heijden","year":"2009"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318241377c","article-title":"Effect of core stability exercises on feed-forward activation of deep abdominal muscles in chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Vasseljen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0240","article-title":"A meta-analysis of core stability exercise versus general exercise for chronic low back pain","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006_bb0245","first-page":"979","article-title":"Core stability training: applications to sports conditioning programs","volume":"21","author":"Willardson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."}],"container-title":["Clinical Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026800331730150X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026800331730150X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T21:16:19Z","timestamp":1602450979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S026800331730150X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S026800331730150X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-0033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-0033","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of spinal stability following motor control and general exercises in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Biomechanics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}