{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T20:20:22Z","timestamp":1785788422550,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,31]],"date-time":"2005-01-31T18:49:44Z","timestamp":1107197384000},"page":"419-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Acne: Hormonal concepts and therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Diane","family":"Thiboutot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1330467","article-title":"Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry","volume":"133","author":"Choudhry","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12472330","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of androgen receptors in human skin using monoclonal antibodies against the androgen receptor","volume":"100","author":"Liang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.130.3.308","article-title":"Acne vulgaris in premenarchal girls","volume":"130","author":"Lucky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.128.10.1345","article-title":"Sebaceous gland activity and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in boys and girls","volume":"128","author":"Stewart","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.76.2.524","article-title":"The androgen control of sebum production. Studies of subjects with dihydrotestosterone deficiency and complete androgen insensitivity","volume":"76","author":"Imperato-McGinley","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1969.4","article-title":"Sebaceous gland response in man to the administration of testosterone, D4- androstenedione, and dehydroisoandrosterone","volume":"52","author":"Pochi","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198304283081701","article-title":"Androgen excess in cystic acne","volume":"308","author":"Marynick","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12539043","article-title":"Plasma androgens in women with acne vulgaris","volume":"81","author":"Lucky","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.00613.x","article-title":"Cutaneous androgen metabolism","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000053264","article-title":"Intracrinology and the skin","volume":"54","author":"Labrie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14591.x","article-title":"Histochemical distribution of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human skin","volume":"7","author":"Baillie","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12463393","article-title":"D5-3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in sebaceous glands of scalp in male-pattern baldness","volume":"91","author":"Sawaya","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12543363","article-title":"The relationship between the in vitro activity of 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta4-5-isomerase in human sebaceous glands and their secretory activityin vivo","volume":"81","author":"Simpson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(93)90117-W","article-title":"The 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene family of enzymes","volume":"4","author":"Mason","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrin and Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-221030","article-title":"17 b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type XI localizes to human steroidogenic cells","volume":"144","author":"Chai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(96)00173-0","article-title":"Physiology and molecular genetics of 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases","volume":"62","author":"Andersson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0930403","article-title":"Human skin androgen metabolism and preliminary evidence for its control by two forms of 17 \u03b2-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase","volume":"93","author":"Hay","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00322.x","article-title":"Oxidative activity of the type 2 isozyme of 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17b-HSD) predominates in human sebaceous glands","volume":"111","author":"Thiboutot","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115574","article-title":"Genetic and pharmacological evidence for more than one human steroid 5a-reductase","volume":"89","author":"Jenkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12317162","article-title":"Activity of the type 1 5a-reductase exhibits regional differences in isolated sebaceous glands and whole skin","volume":"105","author":"Thiboutot","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01312.x","article-title":"Sebocytes are the key regulators of androgen homeostasis in human skin","volume":"116","author":"Fritsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(86)80533-6","article-title":"Lipogenesis in isolated human sebaceous glands","volume":"200","author":"Cassidy","year":"1986","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12650440","article-title":"Epidermal HMG CoA reductase activity in essential fatty acid deficiency","volume":"99","author":"Proksch","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00246.x","article-title":"The activity of HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl- CoA carboxylase in human apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles is regulated by phosphorylation and by exogenous cholesterol","volume":"111","author":"Smythe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12506","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00039a004","article-title":"Structure of the human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene","volume":"34","author":"Sugawara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8462","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.16.8462","article-title":"MLN64 contains a domain with homology to the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) that stimulates steroidogenesis","volume":"94","author":"Watari","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1210\/en.132.2.539","article-title":"Regulation of proteins in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage system in JEG-3 and Y-1 cells","volume":"132","author":"Black","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53510-9","article-title":"Dysregulation of cytochrome P450c17 as the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1210\/er.18.3.361","article-title":"Steroidogenic factor 1","volume":"18","author":"Parker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01587.x","article-title":"Transcriptional regulators of steroidogenesis, DAX-1 and SF-1 are expressed in human skin","volume":"117","author":"Patel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12244.x","article-title":"Human skin is a steroidogenic tissue","volume":"120","author":"Thiboutot","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(05)80261-7","article-title":"Structure, regulation and role of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase enzymes in the formation of sex steroids in classical and peripheral intracrine tissues","volume":"8","author":"Labrie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000053265","article-title":"Human skin","volume":"54","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03070220021004","article-title":"Effect of cyclic progestin-estrogen therapy on sebum and acne in women","volume":"190","author":"Strauss","year":"1964","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12335779","article-title":"Different levels of 5a-reductase type I and II, aromatase, and androgen receptor in hair follicles of women and men with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"109","author":"Sawaya","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1A","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB36","first-page":"1A80S, 1A88S","article-title":"Role of androgens in the developmental biology of the pilosebaceous unit","volume":"98","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02631010","article-title":"Growth of sebaceous cells in monolayer culture in vitro","volume":"28A","author":"Laurent","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.9.4089","article-title":"Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors have different effects on sebaceous cell growth and differentiation","volume":"140","author":"Deplewski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12344044","article-title":"The insulin-like growth factor I receptor is expressed by epithelial cells with proliferative potential in human epidermis and skin appendages","volume":"106","author":"Hodak","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB40","first-page":"145","article-title":"Keratinocyte growth factor is an important endogenous mediator of hair follicle growth, development and differentiation","volume":"147","author":"Danilenko","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.3.831","article-title":"Stimulation of all epithelial elements during skin regeneration by keratinocyte growth factor","volume":"179","author":"Pierce","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000051828","article-title":"Cell proliferation and lipid formation in hamster sebaceous gland cells","volume":"204","author":"Akimoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80467-5","article-title":"Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R\u2013deficient mice","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1210\/en.139.5.2348","article-title":"Expression of melanocortin-5 receptor in secretory epithelia supports a functional role in exocrine and endocrine glands","volume":"139","author":"van der Kraan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00094.x","article-title":"The melanocortin 5 receptor is expressed in human sebaceous glands and rat preputial cells","volume":"115","author":"Thiboutot","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01286.x","article-title":"Expression, candidate gene, and population studies of the melanocortin 5 receptor","volume":"116","author":"Hatta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2002.110105.x","article-title":"Expression of melanocortin-1 receptor in normal, malformed and neoplastic skin glands and hair follicles","volume":"11","author":"Stander","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01090-2","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone and corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor genes are expressed in human skin","volume":"374","author":"Slominski","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102180999","article-title":"Corticotrophin-releasing hormone","volume":"99","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.9.1041","article-title":"Androgen metabolism in sebaceous glands from subjects with and without acne","volume":"135","author":"Thiboutot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70034-Y","article-title":"Spironolactone in dermatologic therapy","volume":"24","author":"Shaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.9.1162-a","article-title":"Adverse effects of spironolactone therapy in women with acne [letter]","volume":"134","author":"Lubbos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00455168","article-title":"Effect of cyproterone acetate\u2013ethinyl estradiol treatment on the proportions of linoleic and sebaleic acids in various skin surface lipid classes","volume":"278","author":"Stewart","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02922.x","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose flutamide alone and combined with an oral contraceptive for the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism","volume":"43","author":"Dodin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00006","article-title":"Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide","volume":"118","author":"Wysowski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00093-1","article-title":"Effect of low-dose oral contraceptives on androgenic markers and acne","volume":"60","author":"Thorneycroft","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361607","article-title":"Therapy for acne vulgaris","volume":"336","author":"Leyden","year":"1997","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB58","first-page":"975","article-title":"Evolution of progestins. Focus on the novel progestin drospirenone","volume":"47","author":"Thorneycroft","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB59","first-page":"2","article-title":"The effect of 2 combined oral contraceptives containing either drospirenone or cyproterone acetate on acne and seborrhea","volume":"69","author":"van Vloten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6504.1231","article-title":"Acne","volume":"291","author":"Greenwood","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-1-8","article-title":"Attenuation of mild hyperandrogenic activity in postpubertal acne by a triphasic oral contraceptive containing low doses of ethynyl estradiol and d,l-norgestrel","volume":"71","author":"Lemay","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70112-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in treating moderate acne vulgaris","volume":"37","author":"Lucky","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00059-8","article-title":"Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"89","author":"Redmond","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01938-0","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of a low-dose contraceptive containing 20 mg of ethinylestradiol and 100 mg of levonorgestrel for acne treatment","volume":"76","author":"Thiboutot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.122192","article-title":"Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 mg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne","volume":"47","author":"Leyden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB66","first-page":"124","article-title":"Use of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris","volume":"1","author":"Maloney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120448","article-title":"Oral contraceptive efficacy and antibiotic interaction","volume":"46","author":"Archer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00009-8","article-title":"Interaction between broad-spectrum antibiotics and the combined oral contraceptive pill. A literature review","volume":"59","author":"Weaver","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80322-2","article-title":"Oral contraceptive failure rates and oral antibiotics","volume":"36","author":"Helms","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.130.3.392","article-title":"Frequency of pregnancy in acne patients taking oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives [letter]","volume":"130","author":"London","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.118844","article-title":"Transdermal contraception","volume":"186","author":"Dittrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.121103","article-title":"Comparison of cycle control with a combined contraceptive vaginal ring and oral levonorgestrel\/ethinyl estradiol","volume":"186","author":"Bjarnadottir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00083-9","article-title":"Comparative safety, efficacy, and cycle control of Lunelle monthly contraceptive injection (medroxyprogesterone acetate and estradiol cypionate injectable suspension) and Ortho Novum 7\/7\/7 oral contraceptive (norethindrone\/ethinyl estradiol triphasic). Lunelle Study Group","volume":"60","author":"Kaunitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X04000434?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X04000434?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T01:23:44Z","timestamp":1548811424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X04000434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X04000434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}