{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:08:19Z","timestamp":1792098499761,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T12:30:25Z","timestamp":1133440225000},"page":"555-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Syphilis: Uncommon presentations in adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lyubomir A.","family":"Dourmishev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assen L.","family":"Dourmishev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7356.153","article-title":"Syphilis: old problem, new strategy","volume":"325","author":"Doherty","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib2","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Syphilis: have we dropped the ball?","volume":"167","author":"Weir","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050426","article-title":"Anstieg der syphilis in der Alpen-, Donau-, Moldauregion","volume":"47","author":"Petzoldt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib4","article-title":"Syphilis","author":"Swan","year":"2001","journal-title":"eMedicine Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib5","series-title":"Infectology","first-page":"818","article-title":"Syphilis","author":"Dourmishev","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462961917122","article-title":"Syphilis makes a comeback","volume":"7","author":"Drusin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib7","series-title":"Syphilis","first-page":"84","article-title":"Clinic and morphological characteristics of syphilis","author":"Spirov","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib8","series-title":"Applied Venereology","first-page":"13","article-title":"Syphilis","author":"Spirov","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib9","first-page":"29","article-title":"Pathomorphosis of syphilis, its causes and genesis","volume":"11","author":"Zorin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Vestn Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib10","first-page":"43","article-title":"Significance of donor blood for serological control of the epidemiology of syphilis in our country","volume":"29","author":"Dourmishev","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dermatol Venereol (Sofia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.187","article-title":"Syphilis: review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiologic, and some biologic features","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib12","series-title":"Practical Venereology","first-page":"12","article-title":"Syphilis","author":"Petkov","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-197804000-00009","article-title":"The variability of syphilitic chancres","volume":"5","author":"Chapel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1086\/514548","article-title":"The clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in men","volume":"25","author":"DiCarlo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Primary and secondary syphilis, 20 years' experience. 2. Clinical features","volume":"65","author":"Mindel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710318","article-title":"Painful anal ulceration in homosexual men","volume":"71","author":"McMillan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90167-4","article-title":"The etiology of anorectal infections in homosexual men","volume":"71","author":"Quinn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Syphilis","volume":"1","author":"Thompson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib19","first-page":"23","article-title":"Analyse der von 1983 1991 an der Universit\u00e4ts-Hautklinik Leipzig beobachteten Syphilisf\u00e4lle","volume":"44","author":"Haustein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.2.184-a","article-title":"Genital lesions of primary syphilis","volume":"291","author":"Gunn","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib21","first-page":"243","article-title":"Fistula of the penile urethra caused by a phagedenic chancre","volume":"8","author":"Peyri","year":"1984","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib22","first-page":"63","article-title":"Phagedenic hard chancre","volume":"10","author":"Koliadenko","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vestn Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.3.262","article-title":"Perforating chancre: any cause-effect relation with HIV infection?","volume":"79","author":"Inamadar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib24","first-page":"71","article-title":"Case of a hypertrophied hard chancre","volume":"9","author":"Nureev","year":"1980","journal-title":"Vestn Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.115.2.227","article-title":"Multiple penile chancres. An atypical manifestation of primary syphilis","volume":"115","author":"Wade","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000247126","article-title":"Primary syphilis with multiple chancres and porphyria cutanea tarda in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"188","author":"Garcia-Silva","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70207-X","article-title":"Dermatoses of the glans penis and prepuce","volume":"37","author":"English","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib28","first-page":"138","article-title":"Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann developing after the appearance of the primary chancre","volume":"51","author":"Lejman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198010000-00002","article-title":"The signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis","volume":"7","author":"Chapel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-77-9-500","article-title":"Maculopapular rash in a 23-year-old patient","volume":"77","author":"Adam","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.118.3.205","article-title":"Nodular secondary syphilis","volume":"118","author":"Graham","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.125.12.1666","article-title":"Extensive nodular secondary syphilis","volume":"125","author":"Sapra","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02191.x","article-title":"Nodular secondary syphilis","volume":"138","author":"Papini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5070\/D330J0S529","article-title":"Nodular secondary syphilis","volume":"9","author":"Dave","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib35","first-page":"119","article-title":"Noduloulcerative or \u201cmalignant\u201d syphilis occurring in an otherwise healthy woman: report and review of a dramatic dermatosis","volume":"45","author":"Held","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00537.x","article-title":"Pustular secondary syphilis","volume":"26","author":"Noppakun","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00133.x","article-title":"Alopecia syphilitica, a simulator of alopecia areata: Histopathology and differential diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib38","first-page":"59","article-title":"Lesion of the nail plates in a patient with secondary fresh syphilis","volume":"12","author":"Danielian","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vestn Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib39","first-page":"69","article-title":"Disorders of skin pigmentation","author":"Dourmishev","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890440109015","article-title":"Papular and nodular lesions of the scalp, face, and neck. Secondary syphilis","volume":"133","author":"Harden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib41","first-page":"180","article-title":"Syphilis psoriasiformis et psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"230","author":"Savova","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dermatol Venereol (Sofia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib42","first-page":"48","article-title":"Lues tertiaria perniformis et psoriasiformis","volume":"27","author":"Penev","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dermatol Venereol (Sofia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04910.x","article-title":"Secondary syphilis and Sweet's syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Sugathan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04911.x","article-title":"Secondary syphilis and Sweet's syndrome. Reply","volume":"116","author":"Jordaan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06244.x","article-title":"Secondary syphilis mimicking Sweet's syndrome","volume":"115","author":"Jordaan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80960-2","article-title":"The Sweet syndrome in children","volume":"99","author":"Levin","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33495","article-title":"Lues maligna ohne. Immunsuppression","volume":"28","author":"Tappeiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Akt Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib48","first-page":"25","article-title":"Rarely observed form of syphilis\u2014lues maligna","volume":"22","author":"Spirov","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dermatol Venereol (Sofia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.111.1.76","article-title":"Precocious noduloulcerative cutaneous syphilis","volume":"111","author":"Pariser","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib50","first-page":"69","article-title":"Pustular acneiform secondary syphilis","volume":"37","author":"Lambert","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib51","first-page":"134","article-title":"Frequency and localization of syphilic lesions in oral cavity","volume":"3","author":"Bonev","year":"1980","journal-title":"Stomatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib52","first-page":"69","article-title":"Syphilitic laryngitis with condylomata lata of vocal fold","volume":"2","author":"Golemanov","year":"1979","journal-title":"Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890310111020","article-title":"A nodule on the lip. Nodular secondary syphilis","volume":"132","author":"Vibhagool","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib54","first-page":"683","article-title":"Secondary syphilis-related oral ulcers: report of four cases","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib55","first-page":"397","article-title":"Secondary syphilis with ocular manifestations and oral ulceration","volume":"92","author":"Christen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)00484-5","article-title":"Secondary syphilis simulating oral hairy leukoplakia","volume":"49","author":"Aquilina","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib57","series-title":"A text atlas of nail disorders","author":"Baran","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib58","first-page":"134","article-title":"Acquired ocular syphilis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Deschenes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(92)90138-J","article-title":"Ocular syphilis","volume":"37","author":"Margo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90129-5","article-title":"A review (1970-1980) of 28 presumptive cases of syphilitic uveitis","volume":"93","author":"Schlaegel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib61","first-page":"197","article-title":"Ocular syphilis. Acute and chronic","volume":"3","author":"Spoor","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Neuro-ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-003-0011-5","article-title":"Retinal vasculitis due to secondary syphilis","volume":"48","author":"Yokoi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib63","article-title":"Syphilis, ocular manifestations of","author":"Roque","year":"2003","journal-title":"eMedicine Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib64","first-page":"420","article-title":"On syphilis and the ear\u2014an otologist's view","volume":"68","author":"Morrison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00939.x","article-title":"Otosyphilis: report on six cases","volume":"18","author":"Klemm","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib66","series-title":"Syphilis","first-page":"145","article-title":"Visceral syphilis","author":"Spirov","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib67","first-page":"1673","article-title":"Neurosyphilis as a cause of facial and vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction: MR imaging features","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.10.019","article-title":"Oculomotor nerve root enhancement in meningo vascular syphilis","volume":"59","author":"Corr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00193-9","article-title":"Syphilitic arthritis and osteitis","volume":"19","author":"Reginato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00010097","article-title":"Syphilitic spinal arthropathy","volume":"143","author":"Natale","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.139.3.365","article-title":"Liver disease in early syphilis","volume":"139","author":"Campisi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91183-X","article-title":"Unusual manifestations of secondary syphilis occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"75","author":"Petersen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib73","first-page":"552","article-title":"Syphilitic hepatitis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Schlossberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V371351","article-title":"Secondary syphilis and the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Hunte","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib75","first-page":"277","article-title":"Acute nephrotic syndrome associated with secondary syphilis","volume":"59","author":"Baudagna","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib76","first-page":"1850","article-title":"Patient with rapidly progressing renal failure, florid syphilis and positive HIV serology","volume":"128","author":"Raz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199401000-00003","article-title":"Gastric syphilis: report of seven cases and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Greenstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-4-314","article-title":"Gastric syphilis: five recent cases and a review of the literature","volume":"116","author":"Winters","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)33448-4","article-title":"Late benign syphilis","volume":"48","author":"Olansky","year":"1964","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)33449-6","article-title":"The late manifestations of syphilis: skeletal, visceral and cardiovascular","volume":"48","author":"Kampmeier","year":"1964","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)33445-9","article-title":"The Oslo Study of the natural course of untreated syphilis. An epidemiologic investigation based on a re-study of the Boeck-Bruusgaard material","volume":"48","author":"Clark","year":"1964","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70126-M","article-title":"Tertiary syphilis of the face","volume":"24","author":"Chung","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90117-8","article-title":"Nodular tertiary syphilis mimicking granuloma annulare","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.29.3.346","article-title":"Syphilitic aortitis. A clinicopathologic autopsy study of 100 cases, 1950 to 1960","volume":"29","author":"Heggtveit","year":"1964","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80826-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular syphilis","volume":"87","author":"Jackman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib86","series-title":"Practical venereology","first-page":"57","article-title":"Syphilis of nervous system","author":"Bojinov","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib87","series-title":"Syphilis","first-page":"145","article-title":"Syphilis of central nervous system","author":"Shotekov","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.219.6.726","article-title":"Neurosyphilis. A study of 241 patients","volume":"219","author":"Hooshmand","year":"1972","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib89","first-page":"191","article-title":"Modern neurosyphilis: a partially treated chronic meningitis","volume":"135","author":"Hotson","year":"1981","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-11-855","article-title":"Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"109","author":"Lukehart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060060112021","article-title":"Neurosyphilis","volume":"42","author":"Simon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520020031012","article-title":"Acute syphilitic meningitis: its occurrence after clinical and serologic cure of secondary syphilis with penicillin G","volume":"43","author":"Bayne","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.4.553","article-title":"Clinical features of meningovascular syphilis","volume":"34","author":"Holmes","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib94","first-page":"199","article-title":"The Argyll Robertson pupil 1869-1969. A critical survey of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Loewenfeld","year":"1969","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib95","first-page":"228","article-title":"Surgically treated syphilitic gumma of the brain. Computerized tomography findings","volume":"142","author":"Goulon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00335028","article-title":"Angiographic findings with an intracranial gumma","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"1977","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib97","first-page":"251","article-title":"Two cases of cerebral gummata","volume":"4","author":"Kunicki","year":"1970","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03941.x","article-title":"Unusual skin ulceration in an HIV-positive patient who had cutaneous syphilis and neurosyphilis","volume":"136","author":"Tucker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib99","first-page":"493","article-title":"Syphilis and HIV infection","volume":"vol 9","author":"Hicks","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(93)90431-3","article-title":"Early oral presentation of lues maligna in a patient with HIV infection. A case report","volume":"75","author":"Ficarra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.3.530","article-title":"Syphilis and HIV infection","volume":"160","author":"Hook","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70153-9","article-title":"The spectrum of syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Gregory","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-4-492","article-title":"Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"107","author":"Hicks","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706183162507","article-title":"Neurologic relapse after benzathine penicillin therapy for secondary syphilis in a patient with HIV infection","volume":"316","author":"Berry","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706183162503","article-title":"Alteration in the natural history of neurosyphilis by concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"316","author":"Johns","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540030009006","article-title":"Neurosyphilis. A comparative study of the effects of infection with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"50","author":"Katz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-872","article-title":"Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the course of syphilis and on the response to treatment","volume":"113","author":"Musher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X05000295?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X05000295?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T20:56:56Z","timestamp":1626814616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X05000295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X05000295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.01.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}