{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:12:30Z","timestamp":1791889950505,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,17]],"date-time":"2006-02-17T12:10:46Z","timestamp":1140178246000},"page":"122-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Oral and vulvar changes in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rochelle R.","family":"Torgerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary L.","family":"Marnach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Roy S.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114595","article-title":"Dermatoses of pregnancy","volume":"45","author":"Kroumpouzos","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OGX.0000083542.14439.CF","article-title":"Common oral manifestations during pregnancy: a review","volume":"58","author":"Barak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.02.002","article-title":"Pregnancy and lactation","volume":"97","author":"Suresh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.8.911","article-title":"Periodontal therapy may reduce the risk of preterm low birth weight in women with periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Lopez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.12.1764","article-title":"Associations between systemic status, periodontal status, serum cytokine levels, and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor","volume":"74","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)70071-9","article-title":"Melasma: a clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence study","volume":"4","author":"Sanchez","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00281.x","article-title":"Physiologic skin changes during pregnancy: a study of 140 cases","volume":"37","author":"Muzaffar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-14-12-1491","article-title":"Determination of melanocyte-stimulating hormone in urine and blood","volume":"14","author":"Shizume","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.131.12.1453","article-title":"Melasma. Etiologic and therapeutic considerations","volume":"131","author":"Grimes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03249.x","article-title":"Sebum excretion rates in mothers and neonates","volume":"142","author":"Henderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.02.012","article-title":"American Academy of Dermatology consensus conference on the safe and optimal use of isotretinoin: summary and recommendations","volume":"50","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib12","series-title":"Dermatology","author":"Bolognia","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70195-4","article-title":"Use of oral and topical agents for acne in pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Rothman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib14","first-page":"738","article-title":"Hirsutism in pregnancy","volume":"66","author":"Patterson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80305-9","article-title":"Physiologic skin changes in pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200001020-00003","article-title":"Management of hirsutism","volume":"1","author":"Falsetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90295-0","article-title":"Lobular capillary hemangiomas: an epidemiologic report, with emphasis on cutaneous lesions","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00027-6","article-title":"Vaginal cavernous hemangioma in pregnancy","volume":"89","author":"Rezvani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-0825.2003.00997.x","article-title":"The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 in the regression of pregnancy pyogenic granuloma","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.7.701","article-title":"Pathogenetic roles of angiogenic factors in pyogenic granulomas in pregnancy are modulated by female sex hormones","volume":"73","author":"Yuan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib21","first-page":"359","article-title":"Severe bleeding from a pregnancy tumor. A case report","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48382-3_61","article-title":"Complex aphthosis","volume":"528","author":"Rogers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(97)80017-X","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: clinical characteristics and associated systemic disorders","volume":"16","author":"Rogers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib24","first-page":"455","article-title":"The association of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause with recurrent oral aphthous stomatitis: a review and critique","volume":"80","author":"McCartan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000018066","article-title":"Generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy (impetigo herpetiformis)","volume":"198","author":"Breier-Maly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00065-7","article-title":"Oral Psoriasis","volume":"12","author":"Bruce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509008946","article-title":"Impetigo herpetiformis during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"74","author":"Wolf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70042-6","article-title":"Impetigo herpetiformis: a variant of pustular psoriasis or a separate entity?","volume":"20","author":"Lotem","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199510000-00023","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy","volume":"50","author":"Ruach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0904-2512.2001.00000.x","article-title":"Oral pemphigus vulgaris occurring during pregnancy","volume":"31","author":"Muhammad","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70161-1","article-title":"Making sense of antigens and antibodies in pemphigus","volume":"40","author":"Anhalt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70125-2","article-title":"Maternal pemphigus vulgaris with in vivo bound antibodies in the stillborn fetus","volume":"7","author":"Green","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1982.tb04542.x","article-title":"Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris: role of passively transferred pemphigus antibodies","volume":"106","author":"Moncada","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.115.3.316","article-title":"In vivo bound pemphigus antibodies in a stillborn infant. Passive intrauterine transfer of pemphigus vulgaris?","volume":"115","author":"Terpstra","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02418.x","article-title":"Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris associated with mild oral pemphigus vulgaris in the mother during pregnancy","volume":"139","author":"Chowdhury","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70216-G","article-title":"Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris in a child born to a woman in remission","volume":"29","author":"Tope","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1998.00370.x","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy with favourable foetal prognosis","volume":"23","author":"Hern","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(86)90071-2","article-title":"Pemphigus in pregnancy: a reevaluation of fetal risk","volume":"155","author":"Ross","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.249.11.1480","article-title":"Transplacental transmission of pemphigus","volume":"249","author":"Wasserstrum","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib40","first-page":"327","article-title":"Pemphigus, pregnancy, and plasmapheresis","volume":"73","author":"Shieh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00423.x","article-title":"The clinical course of Behcet's disease in pregnancy: a retrospective analysis and review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Uzun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.2.234","article-title":"Behcet's disease and pregnancy relationship study","volume":"36","author":"Marsal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.47.4.350-a","article-title":"Behcet's disease and pregnancy","volume":"47","author":"Hamza","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh117","article-title":"Transgenic mice which overproduce TH2 cytokines develop spontaneous atopic dermatitis and asthma","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90235-D","article-title":"Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon?","volume":"14","author":"Wegmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02923.x","article-title":"A prospective study of 200 women with dermatoses of pregnancy correlating clinical findings with hormonal and immunopathological profiles","volume":"141","author":"Vaughan Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06041.x","article-title":"The influence of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy on atopic dermatitis","volume":"125","author":"Kemmett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000074300","article-title":"TH1\/TH2 paradigm in pregnancy: paradigm lost? Cytokines in pregnancy\/early abortion: reexamining the TH1\/TH2 paradigm","volume":"134","author":"Chaouat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338475","article-title":"Analysis of familial aggregation of atopic eczema and other atopic diseases by ODDS RATIO regression models","volume":"106","author":"Diepgen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib50","series-title":"Maternal-fetal medicine","first-page":"91","author":"Creasy","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1992.tb02662.x","article-title":"Physiologic skin changes associated with pregnancy","volume":"31","author":"Martin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib52","series-title":"Skin changes and diseases in pregnancy","first-page":"37","article-title":"Physiologic skin changes in pregnancy","author":"Wong","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib53","series-title":"Obstetric and gynecologic dermatology","first-page":"54","author":"Black","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07942.x","article-title":"Endocrine factors in pre- and postmenopausal women with hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"134","author":"Barth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800740535","article-title":"Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with the carbon dioxide laser","volume":"74","author":"Dalrymple","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1956.01550010040004","article-title":"Apocrine sweat retention in man. II Fox-Fordyce disease (apocrine miliaria)","volume":"73","author":"Shelley","year":"1956","journal-title":"AMA Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib57","series-title":"Maternal-fetal medicine","first-page":"709","author":"Creasy","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib58","article-title":"NIH C. trachomatis trial","author":"Cotch","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.2.336","article-title":"Fluconazole-induced congenital anomalies in three infants","volume":"22","author":"Pursley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib60","first-page":"115","article-title":"Safety of fluconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. A prescription-event monitoring study, with special reference to the outcome of pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"Inman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70119-9","article-title":"Prospective assessment of pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to fluconazole","volume":"175","author":"Mastroiacovo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19971031)72:3<253::AID-AJMG1>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Multiple malformation syndrome following fluconazole use in pregnancy: report of an additional patient","volume":"72","author":"Aleck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00989.x","article-title":"Risk of malformations and other outcomes in children exposed to fluconazole in utero","volume":"48","author":"Sorensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.19.3.221.30919","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes after maternal exposure to fluconazole","volume":"19","author":"Jick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809703100119","article-title":"Fluconazole treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis during pregnancy","volume":"31","author":"Campomori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332604","article-title":"Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group","volume":"333","author":"Hillier","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9","article-title":"Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations","volume":"74","author":"Amsel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib68","first-page":"173","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcome","volume":"80","author":"Kurki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1086\/514725","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis: review of treatment options and potential clinical indications for therapy","volume":"8","author":"Joesoef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002243420802","article-title":"Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units","volume":"342","author":"Carey","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib71","first-page":"CD000262","article-title":"Interventions for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy","author":"Brocklehurst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00257-4","article-title":"Screening for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: recommendations and rationale","volume":"20","author":"Berg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332603","article-title":"Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"333","author":"Hauth","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib74","series-title":"Maternal-fetal medicine","first-page":"712","author":"Creasy","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group","volume":"24","author":"Cotch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib76","first-page":"S13","article-title":"Network ftNM. Metronidazole treatment increased the risk of preterm birth in asymptomatic women with trichomonas","volume":"182","author":"Carey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)90420-0","article-title":"Genital human papillomavirus infections. Number 193\u2013June 1994 (Replaces No. 105, June 1987). ACOG technical bulletin","volume":"46","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(03)00102-5","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections: diagnosis, treatment, and hope for a vaccine","volume":"30","author":"Ault","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib79","series-title":"Principles and practices of infectious diseases","first-page":"1630","article-title":"Papillomaviruses","author":"Bonnez","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.1.25","article-title":"Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts. HPV Study Group. Human papilloma virus","volume":"134","author":"Edwards","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib81","first-page":"283","article-title":"Intravenous imiquimod metabolism in pregnant rabbits after single and multiple doses","volume":"13","author":"Myhre","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(84)80024-1","article-title":"Treating genital condyloma during pregnancy with the carbon dioxide laser","volume":"148","author":"Ferenczy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00459-1","article-title":"Perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus from gravidas with latent infections","volume":"93","author":"Tenti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)03081-8","article-title":"Condyloma in pregnancy is strongly predictive of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis","volume":"101","author":"Silverberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib85","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant","first-page":"354","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus infections","author":"Whitley","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7261.619","article-title":"Improving the care of patients with genital herpes","volume":"321","author":"Drake","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911043411904","article-title":"A prospective study of new infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Chiron HSV Vaccine Study Group","volume":"341","author":"Langenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710163371601","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994","volume":"337","author":"Fleming","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.299","article-title":"Epidemiology of genital herpes in Pittsburgh: serologic, sexual, and racial correlates of apparent and inapparent herpes simplex infections","volume":"162","author":"Breinig","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)80015-6","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin. Management of herpes in pregnancy. Number 8 October 1999. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists","volume":"68","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00004","article-title":"Recurrence rates in genital herpes after symptomatic first-episode infection","volume":"121","author":"Benedetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421203","article-title":"Reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in asymptomatic seropositive persons","volume":"342","author":"Wald","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105023241804","article-title":"Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor","volume":"324","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.109","article-title":"Changing presentation of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates","volume":"158","author":"Whitley","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.5.1031","article-title":"Use of polymerase chain reaction for successful identification of asymptomatic genital infection with herpes simplex virus in pregnant women at delivery","volume":"162","author":"Hardy","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.2.289","article-title":"Detection of viral DNA in neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: frequent and prolonged presence in serum and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"164","author":"Kimura","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70513-1","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 2 detection by culture and polymerase chain reaction and relationship to genital symptoms and cervical antibody status during the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"176","author":"Boggess","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib98","first-page":"7","article-title":"Acyclovir in pregnancy registry: six years' experience. The Acyclovir in Pregnancy Registry Advisory Committee","volume":"79","author":"Andrews","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib99","first-page":"806","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes following systemic prenatal acyclovir exposure\u2014June 1, 1984-June 30, 1993","volume":"42","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)80023-2","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in the term human pregnancy and neonate","volume":"164","author":"Frenkel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.185","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acyclovir in late pregnancy for the reduction of herpes simplex virus shedding and cesarean delivery","volume":"188","author":"Watts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004_bib102","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X05001240?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X05001240?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T00:19:21Z","timestamp":1555460361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X05001240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X05001240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}}}