{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:22:35Z","timestamp":1792142555875,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,11]],"date-time":"2006-09-11T11:12:21Z","timestamp":1157973141000},"page":"363-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Dermatomyositis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Callen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Wortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05157-0","article-title":"Dermatomyositis","volume":"355","author":"Callen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00010","article-title":"Myositis: immunologic contributions to understanding cause, pathogenesis, and therapy","volume":"122","author":"Plotz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/1040-0486(91)90010-2","article-title":"Dermatomyositis and polymyositis","volume":"3","author":"Targoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. N Engl J Med 1975;292:344-7 and 403-7 [two part article].","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010051165","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor\u2013a expression in muscles of polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"99","author":"Kuru","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.1999.0261","article-title":"Nitric oxide production is increased in patient with inflammatory myositis","volume":"3","author":"Wanchu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670070027","article-title":"Elevation of serum soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"19","author":"Shimizu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6593","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6593","article-title":"Increased CD40 expression on muscle cells of polymyositis and dermatomyositis: role of CD40-CD40 ligand interaction in IL-6, IL-8, IL-5, and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20131 production","volume":"164","author":"Sugugiura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib9","first-page":"940","article-title":"Increased expression of interleukin 1a and MHC class I in muscle tissue of patients with chronic, inactive polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"27","author":"Nyberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01869.x","article-title":"Associations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and HLA polymorphisms with adult dermatomyositis: implications for a unique pathogenesis","volume":"119","author":"Werth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21198","article-title":"Seasonal influence on the onset of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in serologically defined groups","volume":"52","author":"Sarkar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21068","article-title":"History of infection before the onset of juvenile dermatomyositis: results from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Research Registry","volume":"53","author":"Pachman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197707000-00001","article-title":"A computer-assisted analysis of 153 patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"56","author":"Bohan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70153-S","article-title":"Amyopathic DM (DM sin\u00e9 myositis)","volume":"24","author":"Euwer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib15","first-page":"1385","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis: analysis of 32 cases","volume":"19","author":"Sayers","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00075-2","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis","volume":"20","author":"Calabrese","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4857-7_27","article-title":"Dermatomyositis and drugs","volume":"445","author":"Dourmishev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120621","article-title":"Would a new name hasten the acceptance of amyopathic dermatomyositis (dermatomyositis sine myositis) as a distinctive subset within the idiopathic inflammatory dermatomyopathies spectrum of clinical illness?","volume":"46","author":"Sontheimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000173991.74008.b0","article-title":"Novel classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on overlap syndrome features and autoantibodies. Analysis of 100 French Canadian patients","volume":"84","author":"Troyanov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.272.24.1939","article-title":"Scalp involvement in dermatomyositis. Often overlooked or misdiagnosed","volume":"272","author":"Kasteler","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.11.1370","article-title":"Gingival telangiectases. An underappreciated physical sign of juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"135","author":"Ghali","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.1999.00115.x","article-title":"Angiokeratomas in juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"16","author":"Shannon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70074-8","article-title":"Cutaneous changes of dermatomyositis precede muscle weakness","volume":"20","author":"Rockerbie","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70136-H","article-title":"Cutaneous changes of dermatomyositis in patients with normal muscle enzymes: DM sin\u00e9 myositis?","volume":"28","author":"Stonecipher","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.131.12.1381","article-title":"Dermatomyositis without muscle weakness. Long-term follow-up of 12 patients without systemic corticosteroids","volume":"131","author":"Cosnes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08492.x","article-title":"Cutaneous photosensitivity in dermatomyositis","volume":"131","author":"Cheong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1985.tb01054.x","article-title":"Recurrent photosensitive dermatitis preceding juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"2","author":"Woo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361022","article-title":"Photodermatitis in a 6-year-old child","volume":"36","author":"Callen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390822","article-title":"A young woman with a photosensitive pruritic rash on her face and upper trunk","volume":"39","author":"Zuber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(99)80028-5","article-title":"Photosensitivity in collagen vascular diseases","volume":"18","author":"Callen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199804000-00012","article-title":"Vesiculo-bullous dermatomyositis","volume":"20","author":"McCollough","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03668.x","article-title":"Dermatomyositis with a pityriasis rubra pilaris\u2013like eruption: a little-known distinctive cutaneous manifestation of dermatomyositis","volume":"136","author":"Requena","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02232.x","article-title":"Dermatomyositis presenting as plaque-like mucinosis","volume":"138","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000246346","article-title":"Low-dose methotrexate as an adjunctive therapy with surgery for ectropion complicating dermatomyositis","volume":"192","author":"Abernethy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04027.x","article-title":"Scleromyxedema (lichen myxedematosus) associated with dermatomyositis","volume":"144","author":"Launay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib36","first-page":"692","article-title":"\u2018Centripetal flagellate erythema\u2019: a cutaneous manifestation associated with dermatomyositis","volume":"26","author":"Nousari","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib37","first-page":"610","article-title":"Lipodystrophy in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis\u2014evaluation of clinical and metabolic abnormalities","volume":"28","author":"Huemer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib38","series-title":"Treatment of the rheumatic diseases","first-page":"390","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory diseases of muscle","author":"Wortmann","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199811000-00008","article-title":"Extramuscular manifestations in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"10","author":"Spiera","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib40","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in polymyositis and in dermatomyositis","volume":"25","author":"Marie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2158oa","article-title":"Polymyositis\/dermatomyositis-associated lung disease: analysis of a series of 81 patients","volume":"14","author":"Selva-O'Callaghan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.006122","article-title":"Insterstitial lung disease, a common manifestation of newly diagnosed polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"63","author":"Fathi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh723","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis and amyopathic dermatomyositis","volume":"44","author":"Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.7.2103110","article-title":"Polymyositis-dermatomyositis\u2013associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"164","author":"Douglas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib45","first-page":"373","article-title":"Cardiac manifestations in dermato-polymyositis","volume":"14","author":"Gonzalez-Lopez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03540-6","article-title":"Frequency of specific cancer types in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a population-based study","volume":"357","author":"Hill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202063260602","article-title":"Risk of cancer in patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis","volume":"325","author":"Siguregeirsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051675","article-title":"Cancer risk following polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark","volume":"5","author":"Chow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib49","first-page":"1300","article-title":"Elevated cancer incidence in patients with dermatomyositis: a population based study","volume":"22","author":"Airio","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120620","article-title":"Amyopathic dermatomyositis: retrospective review of 37 cases","volume":"46","author":"El-Azhary","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199405000-00004","article-title":"Ovarian cancer in patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"73","author":"Whitmore","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1995.01890110072013","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with dermatomyositis. Analysis of 12 cases","volume":"121","author":"Peng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib53","first-page":"241","article-title":"Features of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in the elderly: a case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Pautas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199509000-00013","article-title":"An update on juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"7","author":"Pachman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.032","article-title":"Duration of illness is an important variable for untreated children with juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"148","author":"Pachman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib56","first-page":"610","article-title":"Lipodystrophy in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis\u2014evaluation of clinical and metabolic abnormalities","volume":"28","author":"Huemer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<541::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Medium- and long-tern functional outcomes in a multicenter cohort of children with juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"43","author":"Huber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200010)43:10<2368::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"TNFa-308A allele in juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"43","author":"Pachman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70276-7","article-title":"Hydroxyurea dermopathy. A unique lichenoid eruption complicating long-term therapy with hydroxyurea","volume":"36","author":"Daoud","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.74","article-title":"Hydroxyurea-induced dermatomyositis-like eruption","volume":"48","author":"Dacey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib61","first-page":"536","article-title":"Pseudo-dermatomyositis as a complication of hydroxyurea therapy","volume":"18","author":"Marie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R666","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1724","article-title":"Dermatological conditions during TNF-a\u2013blocking therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study","volume":"7","author":"Flendrie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560000238","article-title":"MRI in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"29","author":"Garcia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199111000-00002","article-title":"A new approach to the classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: myositis-specific autoantibodies define useful homogeneous patient groups","volume":"70","author":"Love","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib65","first-page":"S194A","article-title":"Autoantibodies to 155 kd and Se antigens in patients with clinically-amyopathic dermatomyositis","volume":"43","author":"Targoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-1027-z","article-title":"Clinical significance of vonWillebrand factor in patients with adult dermatomyositis","volume":"24","author":"Komiya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70018-0","article-title":"The value of malignancy evaluation in patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"6","author":"Callen","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.7.969","article-title":"When and how should the patient with dermatomyositis or amyopathic dermatomyositis be assessed for possible cancer?","volume":"138","author":"Callen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360305","article-title":"Chlorambucil: an effective corticosteroid-sparing agent for patients with recalcitrant dermatomyositis","volume":"36","author":"Sinoway","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199611000-00008","article-title":"Update on therapy for refractory dermatomyositis and polymyositis","volume":"8","author":"Villalba","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib71","first-page":"1542","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of severe skin manifestations of dermatomyositis: a series of 4 cases","volume":"27","author":"Gelber","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/030097400750001897","article-title":"Cyclosporine A versus methotrexate in the treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"29","author":"Vencovsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208416.32471.c0","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in dermatomyositis: is it safe?","volume":"66","author":"Rowin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3570","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21378","article-title":"The effectiveness of treating juvenile dermatomyositis with methotrexate and aggressively tapered corticosteroids","volume":"52","author":"Ramanan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib75","first-page":"R10A","article-title":"Intermittent high dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IV pulse) prevents calcinosis and shortens disease course in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDMS)","volume":"37","author":"Callen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"Abstract Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib76","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) in childhood: a 2 year follow up","volume":"43","author":"Sawhney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib77","first-page":"2498","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for juvenile dermatomyositis: efficacy and safety","volume":"27","author":"Al-Mayouf","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199803)41:3<392::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Treatment of refractory myositis. A randomized crossover study of two new cytotoxic regimens","volume":"41","author":"Villalba","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib79","first-page":"S193A","article-title":"Etanercept is effective in the treatment of polymyositis\/dermatomyositis which is refractory to conventional therapy including steroids and other disease modifying agents","volume":"43","author":"Saadeh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000079547","article-title":"Treatment of dermatomyositis and polymyositis with anti\u2013tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1: long-term follow-up","volume":"52","author":"Hengstman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20849","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis. An open-label pilot study","volume":"52","author":"Levine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205213262102","article-title":"Controlled trial of plasma exchange and leukapheresis in polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"326","author":"Miller","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292704","article-title":"A controlled trial of high-dose intravenous immune globulin infusions as treatment for dermatomyositis","volume":"329","author":"Dalakas","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10053","article-title":"Results and long-term followup of intravenous immunoglobulin infusions in chronic, refractory polymyositis","volume":"46","author":"Cherin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20913","article-title":"Pregnant patient with dermatomyositis successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy","volume":"53","author":"Mosca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21240","article-title":"Treatment of antisynthetase-associated interstitial lung disease with tacrolimus","volume":"52","author":"Wilkes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib87","first-page":"1719","article-title":"Combination therapy with corticosteroids, cyclosporin A, and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide for acute\/subacute pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"32","author":"Kameda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-1109-6","article-title":"Successful treatment of rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in a patient with dermatomyositis","volume":"24","author":"Oryoji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630310018509","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment for refractory skin disease in dermatomyositis: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Hollar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80263-7","article-title":"Cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis are improved by hydroxychloroquine","volume":"10","author":"Woo","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.9.1231","article-title":"Adverse cutaneous reactions to hydroxychloroquine are more common in patients with dermatomyositis than in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"138","author":"Pelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91455-2","article-title":"Treatment of dermatomyositis with methotrexate","volume":"32","author":"Zieglschmid-Adams","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70327-X","article-title":"Low-dose methotrexate administered weekly in an effective corticosteroid-sparing agent for the treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis","volume":"36","author":"Kasteler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.1.65","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil as an effective corticosteroid-sparing therapy for recalcitrant dermatomyositis","volume":"142","author":"Edge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.11.1090","article-title":"Case reports of etanercept in inflammatory dermatoses","volume":"54","author":"Norman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib96","unstructured":"Chung L, Genovese MC, Fiorentino D. Rituximab in the treatment of patients with dermatomyositis: 12 week interim analysis of a pilot project. (Abstract 555\/F61\u2014American College of Rheumatology, San Diego, CA, Nov. 15, 2005)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.032","article-title":"Duration of illness is an important variable for untreated children with juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"148","author":"Pachman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050032","article-title":"Efficacy of early treatment of severe juvenile dermatomyositis with intravenous methylprednisolone and methotrexate","volume":"19","author":"Al-Mayouf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib99","first-page":"2152","article-title":"Regression of calcinosis during diltiazem treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"23","author":"Oliveri","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib100","first-page":"1837","article-title":"Rapid improvement of calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis with alendronate therapy","volume":"32","author":"Ambler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00001","article-title":"Influence of age on characteristics of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in adults","volume":"78","author":"Marie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X06000940?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X06000940?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T06:10:16Z","timestamp":1627798216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X06000940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X06000940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}