{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:14:03Z","timestamp":1786986843599,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T08:28:31Z","timestamp":1163752111000},"page":"509-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of erythema migrans and Lyme arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Henry","family":"M. Feder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha","family":"Abeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Whitaker-Worth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane M.","family":"Grant-Kels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200102","article-title":"Lyme arthritis: an epidemic of oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticut communities","volume":"20","author":"Steere","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.30.010185.002255","article-title":"Ecology of Ixodes dammini\u2013borne human babesiosis and Lyme disease","volume":"30","author":"Spielman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450207","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"345","author":"Steere","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737","article-title":"Lyme disease\u2014a tick-borne spirochetosis?","volume":"216","author":"Burgdorfer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303313081301","article-title":"The spirochetal etiology of Lyme disease","volume":"308","author":"Steere","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450202","article-title":"Two controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme disease","volume":"345","author":"Klempner","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/314053","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the treatment of Lyme disease: the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"31","author":"Wormser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00701-4","article-title":"Intralaboratory reliability of serologic and urine testing for Lyme disease","volume":"110","author":"Klempner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.1.142","article-title":"Erythema migrans: a chronicle","volume":"11","author":"Dammin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-195004000-00009","article-title":"Erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius with meningitis","volume":"43","author":"Hellerstrom","year":"1950","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.102.1.104","article-title":"Erythema chronicum migrans","volume":"102","author":"Scrimenti","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.236.7.859","article-title":"Erythema chronicum migrans in the United States","volume":"236","author":"Mast","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib13","first-page":"51475","article-title":"Dermatologic manifestations of Lyme disease","volume":"2","author":"Berger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-6-490","article-title":"Diagnosis of Lyme disease based on dermatologic manifestations","volume":"114","author":"Malane","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390401","article-title":"Vaccination against Lyme disease with recombinant. Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface lipoprotein A with adjuvant","volume":"339","author":"Steere","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-6-200203190-00005","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of early Lyme disease in patients with microbiologically confirmed erythema migrans","volume":"136","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1086\/514009","article-title":"Duration of tick attachment as a predictor of risk of Lyme disease in an area in which Lyme disease is endemic","volume":"175","author":"Sood","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.1.136","article-title":"A prospective study of tick bites in an endemic area for Lyme disease","volume":"159","author":"Costello","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212173272501","article-title":"A controlled trial of antimicrobial prophylaxis for Lyme disease after deer tick bites","volume":"327","author":"Shapiro","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib20","first-page":"945","article-title":"The value of early treatment of deer tick bites for the prevention of Lyme disease","volume":"147","author":"Agre","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450201","article-title":"Prophylaxis with single dose doxycycline for the prevention of Lyme disease after an Ixodes scapularis tick bite","volume":"345","author":"Nadelamn","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.6.1367","article-title":"Management of tick bites and early Lyme disease: a survey of Connecticut physician","volume":"108","author":"Murray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1086\/432935","article-title":"Prospective clinical evaluation of patients from Missouri and New York with erythema migrans\u2013like skin lesions","volume":"41","author":"Wormser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.5.944","article-title":"Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from two patients in Michigan","volume":"19","author":"Stobierski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.274.1.66","article-title":"Pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in children","volume":"274","author":"Feder","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.5.788","article-title":"Persistence of serum antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in patients treated for Lyme disease","volume":"15","author":"Feder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.150.4.761","article-title":"Serologic tests for Lyme disease","volume":"150","author":"Luger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2660","article-title":"Coevolution of markers of innate and adaptive immunity in skin and peripheral blood of patients with erythema migrans","volume":"171","author":"Salazar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib29","first-page":"125","article-title":"Notice to readers: caution regarding testing for Lyme disease","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93103-V","article-title":"Amoxicillin plus probenecid versus doxycycline for treatment of erythema migrans borreliosis","volume":"336","author":"Dattwyler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-4-273","article-title":"Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in the treatment of early Lyme disease","volume":"117","author":"Nadelman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-9-199605010-00002","article-title":"Azithromycin compared with amoxicillin in the treatment of erythema migrans","volume":"124","author":"Luft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.133.1.93","article-title":"The truth about erythema migrans","volume":"133","author":"Feder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Deramatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-1-22","article-title":"Treatment of the early manifestations of Lyme disease","volume":"99","author":"Steere","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00005","article-title":"Duration of antibiotic therapy for early Lyme disease. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"138","author":"Wormser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00014","article-title":"Duration of antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease","volume":"138","author":"Steere","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610243351703","article-title":"Lyme Disease Study Group. Lyme disease in children in southern Connecticut","volume":"335","author":"Gerber","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000164801.23223.8c","article-title":"Inaccurate information about Lyme disease on the internet and reply Feder HM Jr","volume":"24","author":"Stricker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ped Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.855","article-title":"Differences are voiced by two \u201cLyme camps\u201d at a Connecticut public hearing on insurance coverage of Lyme disease","volume":"105","author":"Feder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000145411.57449.f3","article-title":"Inaccurate information about Lyme disease on the Internet","volume":"23","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31833.x","article-title":"Early and late cutaneous manifestations in Ixodes-borne borreliosis (erythema migrans borreliosis, Lyme borreliosis)","volume":"539","author":"Asbrink","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib42","first-page":"98","article-title":"Demographic features, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings in children with multiple erythema migrans lesions in Slovenia","volume":"113","author":"Arnez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02033059","article-title":"Solitary borrelial lymphocytoma: report of 36 cases","volume":"20","author":"Strle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555566479484","article-title":"The spirochetal etiology of lymphadenosis benigna cutis solitaria","volume":"66","author":"Hovmark","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib45","first-page":"463","article-title":"European erythema migrans disease and related disorders","volume":"57","author":"Weber","year":"1984","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib46","series-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of rheumatic diseases","first-page":"294","article-title":"Infectious diseases that affect the skin and joints: Lyme disease","author":"Werth","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31839.x","article-title":"Clinical pathologic correlations of Lyme disease by stage","volume":"539","author":"Duray","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 77","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib48","first-page":"44","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Clinical definitions and differential diagnoses","author":"Asbrink","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00264.x","article-title":"Cutaneous fibroses induced by Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"128","author":"Marsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib50","first-page":"262","article-title":"Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans with antecedent Lyme disease in a Californian. A case report","volume":"263","author":"Lavoie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1979.tb04672.x","article-title":"Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans","volume":"18","author":"Burgdorf","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00222.x","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans\u2014a late Borrelia manifestation","volume":"95","author":"Kindstrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.165","article-title":"Anetoderma: another facet of Lyme disease?","volume":"48","author":"Bauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.272.16.1283","article-title":"Identification of Borrelia burgdorferi in diffuse fasciitis with peripheral eosinophilia: borrelial fasciitis","volume":"272","author":"Granter","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000246339","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction of Borrelia burgdorferi flagellin gene in Shulman syndrome","volume":"192","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000063916","article-title":"Eosinophilic fasciits (Shulman syndrome)","volume":"205","author":"Mosconi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80402-1","article-title":"Progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) and borreliosis","volume":"22","author":"Abele","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00862.x","article-title":"Parry-Romberg syndrome: a possible association with borreliosis","volume":"18","author":"Sahin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70239-X","article-title":"Neuroborreliosis in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus","volume":"19","author":"Aberer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07615.x","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in circumscribed scleroderma","volume":"134","author":"Breier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555577299304","article-title":"No evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi infection in lesions of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in Spain. A prospective study and literature review","volume":"77","author":"Alonso-Llamazares","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00117.x","article-title":"No evidence for a spirochetal origin of localized scleroderma","volume":"127","author":"Raguin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12472369","article-title":"Further evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi infection in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus confirmed by DNA amplification","volume":"100","author":"Schempp","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03775.x","article-title":"Moprhoea is neither associated with features of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, nor is this agent detectable in lesion skin by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"143","author":"Weide","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70229-1","article-title":"Localized scleroderma (morphea) and antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"17","author":"Hoesly","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib66","first-page":"573","article-title":"The absence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in the sera of Japanese patients with localized scleroderma","volume":"23","author":"Akimoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00912.x","article-title":"Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi in morphea and lichen sclerosus","volume":"39","author":"Ozkan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)80273-7","article-title":"Benign lymphocytic infiltration (Jessner-Kanof): another manifestation of borreliosis?","volume":"21","author":"Abele","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1985.tb00441.x","article-title":"Benign cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates","volume":"12","author":"Cerio","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.281002.x","article-title":"Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas from the United States","volume":"28","author":"Wood","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70088-J","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi\u2013associated cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: clinical and immunohistologic characterization of four cases","volume":"24","author":"Garbe","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1997.tb01318.x","article-title":"Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Cerroni","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib73","first-page":"147","article-title":"B-cell lymphoma associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Duray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(93)90089-U","article-title":"Classification, geographic variations, and epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"11","author":"Asbrink","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib75","first-page":"357","article-title":"Catching the bug: how scientists found the cause of Lyme disease","volume":"53","author":"Lang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76956-9","article-title":"Orbital myositis with Lyme disease","volume":"110","author":"Seidenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-5-725","article-title":"The clinical evolution of Lyme arthritis","volume":"107","author":"Steere","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.4.905","article-title":"Lyme arthritis in children: clinical epidemiology and long-term outcomes","volume":"102","author":"Gerber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-6-685","article-title":"Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis. The enlarging clinical spectrum","volume":"86","author":"Steere","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"S34","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib80","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lyme disease\u2014a pediatric perspective","volume":"19","author":"Zemel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199107183250304","article-title":"The long-term course of Lyme arthritis in children","volume":"325","author":"Szer","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib82","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Lyme arthritis in children and adolescents: outcome 12 months after initiation of antibiotic therapy","volume":"27","author":"Bentas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0495","article-title":"Autoimmune mechanisms in antibiotic treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Steere","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5377.703","article-title":"Identification of LFA-1 as a candidate autoantigen in treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis","volume":"281","author":"Gross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10772","article-title":"Binding of outer surface protein A and human lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 peptides to HLA-DR molecules associated with antibiotic treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Steere","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401273300401","article-title":"Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis","volume":"330","author":"Nocton","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2705::AID-ANR29>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Lack of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in synovial samples in patients with antibiotic treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Carlson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200002)30:2<448::AID-IMMU448>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Multiple cross-reactive self ligands for Borrelia burgdorferi\u2013specific HLA-DR4 restricted T cells","volume":"30","author":"Maier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.484-509.2005","article-title":"Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"18","author":"Aguero-Rosenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib90","first-page":"4","article-title":"Microbiological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"10","author":"Ruzic-Sabljic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Dermatoven APA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<151::AID-ANR19>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Insights from a novel three-dimensional in vitro model of Lyme arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Franz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib92","first-page":"26","article-title":"Lyme arthritis. Spirochetes found in synovial microangiopathic lesions","volume":"118","author":"Johnston","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1500-3","article-title":"Persistent synovitis in children with Lyme arthritis: two unusual cases. An immunogenetic approach","volume":"163","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390505","article-title":"Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi by DNA amplification in synovial tissue samples from patients with Lyme arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Jaulhac","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668070-00012","article-title":"Chronic arthritis of the knee in Lyme disease. Review of the literature and report of two cases treated by synovectomy","volume":"68A","author":"Mclaughlin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340817","article-title":"Treatment of refractory chronic Lyme arthritis with arthroscopic synovectomy","volume":"34","author":"Schoen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthrits Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib97","first-page":"F104","article-title":"Radiosynovectomy for recurrent Lyme arthropathy","author":"Traverse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2191-2199.2000","article-title":"PCR-based quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi organisms in canine tissues over a 500 day postinfection period","volume":"38","author":"Straubinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.3.799","article-title":"Antibody-resistant mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi: in vitro selection and characterization","volume":"176","author":"Saldziene","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib100","first-page":"S172","article-title":"Patients with antibiotic resistant Lyme arthritis have elevated synovial levels of TNF alpha","author":"Fawcett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00838161","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi myositis: report of eight patients","volume":"240","author":"Reimers","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-3-245","article-title":"Lyme myositis: muscle invasion by Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"109","author":"Atlas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.2.166","article-title":"Dermatomyositis associated with Lyme disease: case report and review of Lyme myositis","volume":"18","author":"Horowitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1086\/314053","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the treatment of Lyme disease","volume":"31","author":"Wormser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90068-X","article-title":"Persisting complaints attributed to chronic Lyme disease: possible mechanisms and implications for management","volume":"96","author":"Sigal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-4-281","article-title":"Lyme disease associated with fibromyalgia","volume":"117","author":"Dinerman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00024","article-title":"Misconceptions about Lyme disease: confusions hiding behind ill-chosen terminology","volume":"136","author":"Sigal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450202","article-title":"Two controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme disease","volume":"345","author":"Klempner","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000068030.26992.25","article-title":"Cognitive function in post-treatment Lyme disease: do additional antibiotics help?","volume":"60","author":"Kaplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000071227.23769.9E","article-title":"Study and treatment of post Lyme disease (STOP-LD). A randomized double masked clinical trial","volume":"60","author":"Krupp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1086\/432736","article-title":"Posttreatment chronic Lyme disease\u2014what it is not","volume":"192","author":"Radolf","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000077046.67754.60","article-title":"Treating post Lyme disease: trying to solve one equation with too many unknowns","volume":"60","author":"Steiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X06001052?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X06001052?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T04:53:49Z","timestamp":1707368029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X06001052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X06001052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}