{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:38:16Z","timestamp":1771004296433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]],"date-time":"2007-08-14T11:23:36Z","timestamp":1187090616000},"page":"398-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The hole picture: risks, decision making, purpose, regulations, and the future of body piercing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Myrna L.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana C.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alden E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna C.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Body piercing: promoting informed decision making","volume":"11","author":"Armstrong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib2","first-page":"236","article-title":"You pierced what?","volume":"22","author":"Armstrong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03320.x","article-title":"Self-reported characteristics of women and men with intimate body piercings","volume":"49","author":"Caliendo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib4","first-page":"173","article-title":"Genital piercings: what is known and what people with genital piercings tell us","volume":"26","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6356.2006.00034.x","article-title":"Pregnancy, lactation, and intimate body piercings","volume":"10","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"AHWONN Lifelines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.026","article-title":"Tattoos and body piercing in the United States: a national data set","volume":"55","author":"Laumann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib7","first-page":"238","article-title":"Tattooing and body piercing: body art practices among college students","volume":"8","author":"Grief","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2003.08.012","article-title":"Contemporary college students and body piercing","volume":"35","author":"Armstrong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.11.01.00591-en","article-title":"Tattooing, permanent makeup and piercing in Amsterdam; guidelines, legislation and monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Worp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib10","unstructured":"Rabinerson D, Horowitz E. Genital piercing. Harefuah 2005;144:736-8, 749."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2003.11.002","article-title":"Body piercing: a patient safety issue","volume":"19","author":"Marenzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib12","author":"Reuters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-3938.2005.tb00014.x","article-title":"Body piercing: issues and challenges for nurses","volume":"1","author":"Halliday","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Forens Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gold MA, Schorzman CM, Murray PJ. et al. Body piercing practices and attitudes among urban adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2005;36:352.e15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2004.07.012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/01460860490884183","article-title":"Toward building a composite of college student influences with body art","volume":"27","author":"Armstrong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib16","first-page":"67","article-title":"Prevalence of tattooing and body piercing in the Australian community","volume":"25","author":"Makkai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib17","author":"Gardyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.2001.89.3.774","article-title":"College students with tattoos and piercings: motives, family experiences, personality factors, and perception by others","volume":"89","author":"Forbes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773806298506","article-title":"Investigating the removal of body piercings","volume":"16","author":"Armstrong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4065\/77.1.29","article-title":"Prevalence of body art (body piercing and tattooing) in university undergraduates and incidence of medical complications","volume":"77","author":"Mayers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib21","first-page":"38","article-title":"Tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics: a historical and current view of state regulations, with continuing concerns","volume":"67","author":"Armstrong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1086\/514586","article-title":"Infectious complications of body piercing","volume":"26","author":"Tweetman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1999.00357.x","article-title":"Body piercing: medical concerns with cutting-edge fashion","volume":"14","author":"Koenig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib24","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.114402","article-title":"Body piercing as a risk factor for viral hepatitis: an integrative research review","volume":"29","author":"Hayes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0808.010458","article-title":"Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis after tongue piercing","volume":"8","author":"Akhondi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cursur.2004.02.003","article-title":"Victim of fashion: endocarditis after oral piercing","volume":"61","author":"Dubose","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/01.crd.0000086227.46088.fd","article-title":"Infective endocarditis after oral body piercing","volume":"11","author":"Friedel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540500276088","article-title":"A case of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis after ear piercing in a patient with normal cardiac valve and a questionnaire survey on adverse events of body piercing in college students of Korea","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.01.007","article-title":"Streptococcus viridans endocarditis from tongue piercing","volume":"29","author":"Lick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02273-6","volume":"71","author":"Ochsenfahrt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.74.876.637","article-title":"Native tricuspid valve endocarditis in a young woman","volume":"74","author":"Papapanagiotou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib33","first-page":"854","article-title":"Body piercing: a rare cause of mitral valve endocarditis","volume":"13","author":"Raja","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.77.2.183j","article-title":"Fashion victim: infective endocarditis after nasal piercing","volume":"77","author":"Ramage","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2001.00241.x","article-title":"Endocarditis due to Neisseria mucosa after tongue piercing","volume":"7","author":"Tronel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200301000-00025","article-title":"Case report of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis after naval piercing","volume":"22","author":"Weinberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20060101-06","article-title":"Infective endocarditis presenting with Parinaud's dorsal midbrain syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Fergusion","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.1.11","article-title":"Bacterial endocarditis following repeated tattooing","volume":"85","author":"Satchithananda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1991.tb00674.x","article-title":"Career-oriented women with tattoos","volume":"23","author":"Armstrong","year":"1991","journal-title":"Image J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib40","first-page":"22","article-title":"Tattooing in adolescents: more common than you think: the phenomenon and risks","volume":"10","author":"Armstrong","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0897-1897(97)80560-5","article-title":"Tattooing: another risk-behavior in adolescents warranting national health teaching","volume":"10","author":"Armstrong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.1021","article-title":"Tattoos and body piercings as indicators of adolescent risk-taking behaviors","volume":"109","author":"Carroll","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(01)00061-X","article-title":"Tattooing and body piercing among adolescent detainees: relationship to alcohol and other drug use","volume":"13","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00446-9","article-title":"Body modification and substance use in adolescents: is there a link?","volume":"32","author":"Brooks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2003.06.005","article-title":"Body piercing and high-risk behavior in adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib47","series-title":"Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior","author":"Ajzen","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib48","series-title":"The Health Belief Model and personal health behavior","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2307\/3348967","article-title":"Why people use health services","volume":"44","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1966","journal-title":"Milbank Mem Fund Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500203","article-title":"Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model","volume":"15","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Educ Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib51","series-title":"The sociology of health, illness, and health care: a critical approach","author":"Weitz","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/027321790500121","article-title":"College students, tattooing, and the Health Belief Model","volume":"25","author":"Koch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sociol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.86.2.475-481","article-title":"Behavioral and self-concept: differences on tattooed and non-tattooed college students","volume":"86","author":"Drews","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.97.7.887-890","article-title":"College students, tattoos, and sexual activity","volume":"97","author":"Koch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2307\/3711259","article-title":"Fire and brimstone, lager and pot: religious involvement and substance use","volume":"43","author":"Nelson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Soc Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2307\/1387148","article-title":"The influence of religion on attitudes toward nonmarital sexuality: a preliminary assessment of reference group theory","volume":"30","author":"Cochran","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Sci Study Relig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.696","article-title":"The role of religion in predicting adolescent alcohol use and problem drinking","volume":"62","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5840\/jis2001131\/23","article-title":"Religious commitment and adolescent behavior","volume":"13","author":"Jaynes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Interdiscip Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016089229972","article-title":"Between sacral belief and moral community: a multidimensional approach to the relationship between religion and alcohol among blacks and whites","volume":"17","author":"Ford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.94.2.425-430","article-title":"Correlations of religious belief and practice on college students' tattoo-related behavior","volume":"94","author":"Koch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.95.6.583-586","article-title":"Religious belief and practice in attitudes toward individuals with body piercing","volume":"95","author":"Koch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib62","first-page":"19","article-title":"Twenty years of student sexual behavior: subcultural adaptations to a changing health environment","volume":"39","author":"Netting","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1525\/si.2001.24.1.49","article-title":"Legitimating the first tattoo: moral passage through informal interaction","volume":"24","author":"Irwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Symb Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib64","first-page":"25","article-title":"Body art: regulatory issues and the NEHA body art model code","volume":"62","author":"Armstrong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019_bib65","unstructured":"Papameletiou D, Zenie A, Sschwela D. et al. Risks and health effects from tattoos, body piercing and related practices. European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Center: Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit. 2003, Final Draft May 05."}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X07001010?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X07001010?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T18:34:28Z","timestamp":1629570868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X07001010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X07001010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.05.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}}}