{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:18:08Z","timestamp":1791249488439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T10:29:25Z","timestamp":1269599365000},"page":"151-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Oliverio","family":"Welsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Vera-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.133.9.1172","article-title":"Prevalence of onychomycosis in patients attending a dermatology clinic in northeastern Ohio for other conditions","volume":"133","author":"Elewski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.415","article-title":"Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"11","author":"Elewski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01283.x","article-title":"Genetic predisposition\u2014understanding underlying mechanisms of onychomycosis","volume":"19","author":"Faergemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02741.x","article-title":"The prevalence of onychomycosis in Finland","volume":"133","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2003.20502.x","article-title":"Two hundred ninety-six cases of onychomycosis in children and teenagers: a 10-year laboratory survey","volume":"20","author":"Lateur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01281.x","article-title":"European Onychomycosis Observatory. Epidemiology and clinical classification of onychomycosis","volume":"19","author":"Effendy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01288.x","article-title":"Literature review. Onychomycosis","volume":"19","author":"Hay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2006.01199.x","article-title":"Dermatophytoses in Monterrey, M\u00e9xico","volume":"49","author":"Welsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-008-9100-9","article-title":"Updates on the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections","volume":"166","author":"Seebacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia 2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.40522","article-title":"Onychomycosis\u2014epidemiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"26","author":"Kaur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib11","first-page":"51","article-title":"Onychomycosis: classification and diagnosis","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90129-4","article-title":"Onychomycosis caused by nondermatophytic molds: clinical features and response to treatment of 59 cases","volume":"42","author":"Tosti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2006.03.008","article-title":"Diagnosing onychomycosis","volume":"24","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib14","first-page":"52","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of onychomycosis","volume":"14","author":"Arca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)01480-4","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic methods in the evaluation of onychomycosis","volume":"49","author":"Weinberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00667.x","article-title":"Comparative study of nail sampling techniques in onychomycosis","volume":"36","author":"Shemer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08805.x","article-title":"New criteria for the laboratory diagnosis of nondermatophyte moulds in onychomycosis","volume":"160","author":"Shemer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2006.03.013","article-title":"Spotlight on nail histomycology","volume":"24","author":"Pi\u00e9rard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.10.1279","article-title":"Onychomycosis Epidemiology Study Group. Factors influencing coexistence of toenail onychomycosis with tinea pedis and other dermatomycoses: a survey of 2761 patients","volume":"142","author":"Szepietowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03225.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis and diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Cathcart","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630701243418","article-title":"Review of antifungal therapy and the severity index for assessing onychomycosis: part I","volume":"19","author":"Baran","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630701657187","article-title":"Review of antifungal therapy, part II: treatment rationale, including specific patient populations","volume":"19","author":"Baran","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1517\/13543780902810352","article-title":"New antifungal therapies for the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"18","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21711","article-title":"Ungual and trans-ungual iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine for the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"98","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00988.x","article-title":"Topical antifungal drugs for the treatment of onychomycosis: an overview of current strategies for monotherapy and combination therapy","volume":"19","author":"Baran","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2007.17","article-title":"Successful treatment of toenail onychomycosis with photodynamic therapy","volume":"144","author":"Watanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.06.015","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum","volume":"59","author":"Piraccini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.6.614","article-title":"Itraconazole pulse therapy for dermatophyte onychomycosis in children","volume":"154","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(03)00033-0","article-title":"The use of fluconazole to treat superficial fungal infections in children","volume":"21","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000227528.89030.a6","article-title":"Systemic antifungal therapy for cutaneous infections in children","volume":"25","author":"Sethi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-008-9109-0","article-title":"Update in antifungal therapy of dermatophytosis","volume":"166","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(03)00030-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of itraconazole use in children","volume":"21","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(03)00034-2","article-title":"Management of onychomycosis in children","volume":"21","author":"Tosti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2000.01761.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis in children: treatment with bifonazole-urea","volume":"17","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19980301-12","article-title":"Antifungal therapy in children: an update","volume":"27","author":"Suarez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib36","first-page":"302","article-title":"The use of terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis in adults and special populations: a review of the evidence","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i19","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm428","article-title":"New and emerging treatments for fungal infections","volume":"61","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1517\/13543780903176407","article-title":"New generation azole antifungals in clinical investigation","volume":"18","author":"Girmenia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00937-08","article-title":"Trends in species distribution and susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida collected in Monterrey, Mexico, to seven antifungal agents: results of a 3-year (2004 to 2007) surveillance study","volume":"46","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01212.x","article-title":"A phase I\/II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study evaluating the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of ravuconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"19","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib41","first-page":"661","article-title":"Pramiconazole, a triazole compound for the treatment of fungal infections","volume":"11","author":"Geria","year":"2008","journal-title":"IDrugs"},{"issue":"Suppl 60","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.145s60021.x","article-title":"Amorolfine and itraconazole combination for severe toenail onychomycosis; results of an open randomized trial in Spain","volume":"145","author":"Lecha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib43","first-page":"68","article-title":"Pulsed combination therapy: a new option for onychomycosis","volume":"44","author":"Sergeev","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.110644","article-title":"Single-blind, randomized, prospective study of sequential itraconazole and terbinafine pulse compared with terbinafine pulse for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000247588","article-title":"Preclinical data and mode of action of amorolfine","volume":"184","author":"Polak","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ciclopirox nail lacquer 8% for the treatment of onychomycosis: a Canadian perspective","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib47","first-page":"662","article-title":"A novel antifungal for the topical treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"8","author":"Barak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.12.019","article-title":"Onychomycosis: diagnosis and definition of cure","volume":"56","author":"Scher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X0900248X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X0900248X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T13:20:40Z","timestamp":1558963240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X0900248X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X0900248X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}