{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T23:19:10Z","timestamp":1777072750539,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,28]],"date-time":"2010-10-28T08:17:04Z","timestamp":1288253824000},"page":"663-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Vitamin D and the skin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Shahriari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karren","family":"Slade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Grant-Kels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6281884","article-title":"Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin","volume":"216","author":"MacLaughlin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70302-V","article-title":"Treatment of psoriasis with calcipotriol and other vitamin D analogues","volume":"27","author":"Kragballe","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1995.tb01020.x","article-title":"Calcipotriol: a new drug for topical psoriasis treatment","volume":"77","author":"Kragballe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharm Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib4","series-title":"Psoriasis","first-page":"497","author":"Roenigk","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.03.021","article-title":"Vitamin D for cancer prevention: global perspective","volume":"19","author":"Garland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272307","article-title":"Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin","volume":"327","author":"Preston","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01804988","article-title":"Sun exposure and non-melanocytic skin cancer","volume":"5","author":"Kricker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19971009)73:2<198::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Melanoma and sun exposure: an overview of published studies","volume":"73","author":"Elwood","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00198-1","article-title":"The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer","volume":"63","author":"Armstrong","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910420303","article-title":"The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II Importance of UV-light exposure","volume":"42","author":"Osterlind","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.6.1108","article-title":"Sunlight, season, skin pigmentation, vitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D: integral components of the vitamin D endocrine system","volume":"67","author":"Norman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.127.4.536","article-title":"Racial pigmentation and the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D","volume":"127","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.11.1057","article-title":"The Vitamin D question: how much do you need and how should you get it?","volume":"54","author":"Wolpowitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Amer Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.003","article-title":"Vitamin D and skin cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Gandini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03373.x","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogue caciportriol on epidermal cells","volume":"130","author":"Bagot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb00710.x","article-title":"Biological activity of vitamin D analogues in the skin, with special reference to antipsoriatic mechanisms","volume":"132","author":"Van Der Kerkhof","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70077-5","article-title":"Topical calcipotriene for mophea\/linear scleroderma","volume":"39","author":"Cunningham","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.135.6.1351","article-title":"Connective tissue synthesis by scleroderma skin fibroblasts in cell cultures","volume":"135","author":"LeRoy","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1159\/000246550","article-title":"Effects of calcitriol on fibroblasts derived from skin of scleroderma patients","volume":"191","author":"Boelsma","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2340\/000155557575364366","article-title":"The effect of calcipotriol on lesional fibroblasts from patients with active morphoea","volume":"75","author":"Bottomly","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02127.x","article-title":"Localized scleroderma-response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"15","author":"Humbert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib23","first-page":"21","article-title":"Treatment of localized scleroderma with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"4","author":"Humbert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.130.10.1290","article-title":"Oral calcitriol as a new therapeutic modality for generalized morphea","volume":"130","author":"Hulshof","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06313.x","article-title":"Clinical significance of serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with localized scleroderma","volume":"134","author":"Ihn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.4.1748","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits antigen-induced T cell activation","volume":"133","author":"Bhalla","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.4653_3.x","article-title":"Extragenital lichen sclerosus successfully treated with topical calcipotriol: evaluation by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy","volume":"146","author":"Kreuter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.23.2832","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"296","author":"Munger","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2813","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes, and ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"27","author":"Scragg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806007175","article-title":"Epidemic influenza and vitamin D","volume":"134","author":"Cannell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7410.316","article-title":"Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype and risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study","volume":"327","author":"Van der Mei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib32","volume":"Vol 5","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib33","first-page":"4014","article-title":"Sunlight\u2014can it prevent as well as cause cancer?","volume":"55","author":"Studzinski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1586","article-title":"Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial","volume":"85","author":"Lappe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.11.004","article-title":"Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: a quantitative meta analysis","volume":"32","author":"Gorham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Prev Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055222","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer","volume":"354","author":"Wactawski-Wende","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc060753","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D and the risk of colorectal cancer","volume":"354","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib38","first-page":"708","article-title":"Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis","volume":"103","author":"Garland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.015","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation: effects on risks of prostate cancer and other internal cancers","volume":"571","author":"Moon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib40","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is common at breast cancer diagnosis and is associated with a significantly higher risk of distant recurrence and death in a prospective cohort study of T1-3, N0-1, M0 BC","volume":"26","author":"Goodwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.1027","article-title":"Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Ng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn360","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of breast cancer","volume":"100","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib43","series-title":"IARC CancerBase No. 5, Version 1.0","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2000: Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide","author":"Ferlay","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09332.x","article-title":"Does chronic sunscreen use reduce vitamin D production to insufficient levels?","volume":"161","author":"Norval","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-6-1165","article-title":"Sunscreens suppress cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis","volume":"64","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70107-S","article-title":"Use of topical sunscreen for the evaluation of regional synthesis of vit D3","volume":"22","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Amer Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.131.4.415","article-title":"The effect of regular sunscreen use on vitamin D levels in an Australian population","volume":"131","author":"Marks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7216.1066","article-title":"Use of sunscreens does not risk vitamin D deficiency","volume":"319","author":"Marks","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02405.x","article-title":"Clinically prescribed sunscreen (sun protection factor 15) does not decrease serum vitamin D concentration sufficiently either to induce changes in parathyroid function or in metabolic markers","volume":"139","author":"Farrerons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0547","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D-deficiency in renal transplant recipients: an underrecognized health problem","volume":"91","author":"Querings","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000019571.83095.97","article-title":"A plea for detection and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in patients under photoprotection, including patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and basal cell nevus syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Querings","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09450.x","article-title":"Skin cancer prevention and UV-protection: how to avoid vitamin D-deficiency?","volume":"161","author":"Reichrath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03560-1","article-title":"Sunlight \u201cD\u201d ilemma: risk of skin cancer or bone disease and muscle weakness","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.842","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety","volume":"69","author":"Vieth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X10000544?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X10000544?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T21:42:43Z","timestamp":1711921363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X10000544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X10000544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}}}