{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:03:41Z","timestamp":1790517821874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T05:28:25Z","timestamp":1339133305000},"page":"372-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Actinomycetoma and advances in its treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Oliverio","family":"Welsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Vera-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Cesar","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0005","first-page":"19","article-title":"Micetomas por Actinomadura madurae en M\u00e9xico","volume":"9","author":"Lavalle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Cent Dermatol Pascua"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000247108.86199.64","article-title":"Mycetoma in children: experience with 15 cases","volume":"26","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0015","first-page":"477","article-title":"Epidemiology of mycetoma in Mexico: study of 2105 cases","volume":"128","author":"Lopez Martinez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0020","first-page":"211","article-title":"Mycetomas in Africa","volume":"5","author":"Develoux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sante"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0025","series-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","first-page":"379","article-title":"Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, Oerskovia, and other aerobic actinomycetes of medical importance","author":"Beaman","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.12.3240-3243.1997","article-title":"Use of the BioMerieux ID 32C yeast identification system for identification of aerobic actinomycetes of medical importance","volume":"35","author":"Muir","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.11.2126-2131.1987","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mycolic acids as an aid in laboratory identification of Rhodococcus and Nocardia species","volume":"25","author":"Butler","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2530-2540.2004","article-title":"Sequence-based identification of aerobic actinomycetes","volume":"42","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02713.x","article-title":"The first isolation of Nocardia veterana from a human mycetoma","volume":"46","author":"Kano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(97)80029-1","article-title":"Polyphasic taxonomic study of clinically significant actinomadurae including the description of Actinomadura latina sp. nov","volume":"285","author":"Trujillo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.11.2901-2906.1993","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of Nocardia brasiliensis and clinical correlation with mycetoma infections","volume":"31","author":"Salinas-Carmona","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0060","first-page":"897","article-title":"Structure histologique des myc\u00e9tomes","volume":"44","author":"Destombes","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belge M\u00e9d Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0065","series-title":"Actinomicetoma","article-title":"Patolog\u00eda del Actinomicetoma","author":"Mej\u00eda","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0070","first-page":"197","article-title":"Les myc\u00e9tomes","volume":"9","author":"Develoux","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1586\/edm.09.67","article-title":"Management of mycetoma","volume":"5","author":"Fahal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199904000-00020","article-title":"Bone scintigraphy of Madura foot","volume":"24","author":"Ganguli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med [Case Reports]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/028418501127346413","article-title":"MR and other imaging methods in the investigation of mycetomas","volume":"42","author":"Czechowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.22.3.867-877.1978","article-title":"Lung response to congenitally athymic (nude), heterozygous, and Swiss Webster mice to aerogenic and intranasal infection by Nocardia asteroides","volume":"22","author":"Beaman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0095","first-page":"183","article-title":"Experimental mycetoma by Nocardia brasiliensis in rats","volume":"8","author":"Vera-Cabrera","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9d"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.001021","article-title":"Immunity to intracellular bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.5.2401","article-title":"Immunologically specific direct T lymphocyte-mediated killing of Nocardia asteroides","volume":"130","author":"Deem","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0110","first-page":"189","article-title":"A cutaneous test for diagnosis of actinomycotic mycetoma caused by Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"13","author":"Gonzalez Ochoa","year":"1953","journal-title":"Rev Inst Salubr Enferm Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5597","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5597-5604.2004","article-title":"Humoral immunity through immunoglobulin M protects mice from an experimental actinomycetoma infection by Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"72","author":"Salinas-Carmona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.35.1.111-116.1982","article-title":"Response of CBA\/N x DBA2\/F1 mice to Nocardia asteroides","volume":"35","author":"Beaman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.2.292","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of nocardiosis with an enzyme immunoassay","volume":"155","author":"Angeles","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.12.2278-2280.1987","article-title":"Identification of a common immunodominant protein in culture filtrates of three Nocardia species and use in etiologic diagnosis of mycetoma","volume":"25","author":"Angeles","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0135","first-page":"225","article-title":"Delayed skin reactions to cytoplasmic extracts of Nocardia organisms as a means of diagnosis and epidemiological study of Nocardia infection","volume":"12","author":"Ortiz-Ortiz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.108.5.1409","article-title":"Delayed hypersensitivity to polysaccharides from Nocardia","volume":"108","author":"Ortiz-Ortiz","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0145","first-page":"281","article-title":"Sulfanilamide therapy in Madura foot","volume":"68","author":"Dixon","year":"1941","journal-title":"Virg Med Month"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1945.s1-25.363","article-title":"A clinical cure of Madura foot","volume":"1","author":"Peters","year":"1945","journal-title":"Am J Tropical Med Hygi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb03892.x","article-title":"Mycetoma: current concepts in treatment","volume":"30","author":"Welsh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0160","first-page":"303","article-title":"Medical management of mycetoma","volume":"54","author":"Mahgoub","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organiz (WHO)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.12.1776","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Nocardia asteroides","volume":"32","author":"Wallace","year":"1988","journal-title":"Antimicrob Ag Chemo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0170","first-page":"517","article-title":"Micetomas con diseminaci\u00f3n pulmonar","volume":"13","author":"Welsh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Cut Ibero Lat Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70227-8","article-title":"Amikacin alone and in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of actinomycotic mycetoma","volume":"17","author":"Welsh","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb02800.x","article-title":"Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the treatment of actinomycetoma","volume":"32","author":"Gomez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07557.x","article-title":"Treatment of actinomycetoma due to Nocardia spp. with amoxicillin-clavulanate","volume":"156","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0190","unstructured":"Pham PA, Bartlett JG. Amikacin. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Medicine [updated Sept. 20, 2010; cited Jan 28, 2011]. Available at: http:\/\/prod.hopkins-abxguide.org\/antibiotics\/antibacterial\/aminoglycosides\/amikacin.html?&contentInstanceId=254710."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.9.12.2077","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic regimes for the management of mycetomas","volume":"9","author":"Ameen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.043","article-title":"Efficacy of imipenem therapy for Nocardia actinomycetomas refractory to sulfonamides","volume":"62","author":"Ameen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198733030-00001","article-title":"Imipenem\/cilastatin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy","volume":"33","author":"Clissold","year":"1987","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0210","article-title":"AHFS drug information 2006","author":"McEvoy","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0215","series-title":"Mosby's drug consult 2006","author":"Maheswaran","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3629-3630.2001","article-title":"In vitro activity of PNU-100766 (linezolid), a new oxazolidinone antimicrobial, against Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"45","author":"Vera-Cabrera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0225","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Zyvox (Linezolid). Rx List; 2010 [updated Aug 6, 2010; cited Jan 29, 2011]. Available at: http:\/\/www.rxlist.com\/zyvox-drug.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00571-06","article-title":"In vitro activities of DA-7157 and DA-7218 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"50","author":"Vera-Cabrera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0235","first-page":"853","article-title":"Modified Welsh regimen: a promising therapy for actinomycetoma","volume":"7","author":"Damle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.3.832-837.2004","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activities of antimicrobials against Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"48","author":"Gomez-Flores","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1086\/345907","article-title":"Clinical experience with linezolid for the treatment of nocardia infection","volume":"36","author":"Moylett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13010031","article-title":"Efficacy of DA-7218, a new oxazolidinone prodrug, in the treatment of experimental actinomycetoma produced by Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"13","author":"Espinoza-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp314","article-title":"Activity of novel oxazolidinones against Nocardia brasiliensis growing within THP-1 macrophages","volume":"64","author":"Vera-Cabrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0260","first-page":"773","article-title":"Producci\u00f3n experimental del micetoma por Nocardia brasiliensis en el rat\u00f3n","volume":"99","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ochoa","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.602-604.2004","article-title":"In vitro activities of new antimicrobials against Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"48","author":"Vera-Cabrera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.3.1037-1039.2004","article-title":"In vitro activities of new quinolones and oxazolidinones against Actinomadura madurae","volume":"48","author":"Vera-Cabrera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X11001672?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X11001672?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T06:53:46Z","timestamp":1687503226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X11001672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X11001672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}}}