{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:56:15Z","timestamp":1790672175398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T10:29:44Z","timestamp":1372156184000},"page":"479-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Patch testing: Facts and controversies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ronni","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Orion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ruocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adone","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Ruocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0005","series-title":"Verhandlungen der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, V Kongress","first-page":"103","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis der medikamentoessen Dermatosen","author":"Jadassohn","year":"1895"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05337.x","article-title":"The patch test\u2014who should and should not use it and why","volume":"1","author":"Sulzberger","year":"1975","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1931.03880210112009","article-title":"The contact or patch test in dermatology","volume":"23","author":"Sulzberger","year":"1931","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0020","unstructured":"Sulzberger M. Important advances in clinical dermatology. Schoch Letter 1981;31:Item 14."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02780198","article-title":"Technical and ethical problems associated with patch testing","volume":"14","author":"Storrs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0030","series-title":"Occupational and industrial dermatology","first-page":"131","article-title":"The use and abuse of patch tests","author":"Colman","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0035","series-title":"Fisher's contact dermatitis","first-page":"11","article-title":"The role of patch testing","author":"Rietschel","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70274-7","article-title":"Is patch testing cost-effective?","volume":"21","author":"Rietschel","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0045","first-page":"153","article-title":"Clinical prediction of patch test results","volume":"58","author":"Cronin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199814010-00008","article-title":"The use of decision-analytical modelling in economic evaluation of patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04692.x","article-title":"Eczema: quality of life by body site and the effect of patch testing","volume":"146","author":"Thomson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03051.x","article-title":"An audit to identify the optimum referral rate to a contact dermatitis investigation unit","volume":"141","author":"Bhushan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04499.x","article-title":"Guidelines for care of contact dermatitis","volume":"145","author":"Bourke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09106.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of contact dermatitis: an update","volume":"160","author":"Bourke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.05.008","article-title":"The value of patch testing patients with a scattered generalized distribution of dermatitis: retrospective cross-sectional analyses of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001 to 2004","volume":"59","author":"Zug","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06154.x","article-title":"Thoughts on sensitizers in a standard patch test series. The European Society of Contact Dermatitis","volume":"41","author":"Bruze","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.11.004","article-title":"Allergens in the American Contact Dermatitis Society Core Series","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00315.x","article-title":"More positive patch test reactions with larger test chambers? Results from a study group of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG)","volume":"37","author":"Brasch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb05970.x","article-title":"The association between size of test chamber and patch test reaction: a statistical reanalysis","volume":"40","author":"Gefeller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70220-9","article-title":"Reproducibility of patch tests. A multicenter study of synchronous left-versus right-sided patch tests by the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group","volume":"31","author":"Brasch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03066.x","article-title":"Patch tests with potassium dichromate removed after 24 and 48 hours","volume":"2","author":"Rudzki","year":"1976","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000078696","article-title":"24-Hour versus 48-hour occlusion in patch testing","volume":"2","author":"Ale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exog Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03851.x","article-title":"Comparison between 24- and 48-hour exposure time in patch testing","volume":"4","author":"Skog","year":"1978","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0120","first-page":"156","article-title":"Nickel allergy\u2014reliability of patch test. Evaluated in female twins","volume":"29","author":"Menne","year":"1981","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00057.x","article-title":"24 and 48 h allergen exposure in patch testing. Comparative study with 11 common contact allergens and NiCl2","volume":"10","author":"Kalimo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0130","first-page":"92","article-title":"Six-hour versus 48-hour patch testing with varying concentrations of potassium dichromate","volume":"9","author":"Kosann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01908.x","article-title":"Comparison between 1-day and 2-day occlusion times in patch testing","volume":"31","author":"Goh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07159.x","article-title":"Late reactions to the patch-test preparations para-phenylenediamine and epoxy resin: a prospective multicentre investigation of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group","volume":"154","author":"Hillen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00736.x","article-title":"Patch test reading: a comparison between 2 application methods","volume":"30","author":"Motolese","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02241.x","article-title":"Day 4 is better than day 3 for a single patch test reading","volume":"34","author":"Todd","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00203.x","article-title":"Patch test reading at day 2 will not suffice","volume":"37","author":"Soni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1979.tb04489.x","article-title":"When to read the patch test?","volume":"18","author":"Mathias","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0165","first-page":"231","article-title":"Good clinical practice in patch testing: readings beyond day 2 are necessary: a confirmatory analysis. Members of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology","volume":"7","author":"Uter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01663.x","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of standard series patch test results and observations on day 2 and day 4 readings","volume":"24","author":"Shehade","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70006-7","article-title":"The case for patch test readings beyond day 2. Notes from the lost and found department","volume":"18","author":"Rietschel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06008.x","article-title":"Patch test reactions at D4, D5 and D6","volume":"40","author":"Geier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.04.022","article-title":"Delayed patch test reading after 5 days: the Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"59","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042006330.x","article-title":"The outcome of an additional patch-test reading on days 6 or 7","volume":"42","author":"Jonker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0195","series-title":"Manual of contact dermatitis","author":"Fregert","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0200","first-page":"287","article-title":"Terminology of contact dermatitis","volume":"50","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00621.x","article-title":"A study on expert reading of patch test reactions: inter-individual accordance","volume":"32","author":"Bruze","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00232.x","article-title":"Allergy patch test reading from photographic images: disagreement on ICDRG grading but agreement on simplified tripartite reading","volume":"13","author":"Ivens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00978.x","article-title":"Reading positive patch test reactions","volume":"11","author":"Serup","year":"1984","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2006.05020","article-title":"Should macular erythema reactions be counted as positive allergic patch-test reactions?","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2010.09047","article-title":"Relevance of doubtful (\"equivocal\") late patch-test readings","volume":"21","author":"Carlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.07100","article-title":"Relevance of positive patch-test reactions to fragrance mix","volume":"19","author":"Devos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04629.x","article-title":"Patch testing with sodium tungstate","volume":"9","author":"Rystedt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1985.tb01060.x","article-title":"False-positive, follicular and irritant patch test reactions to metal salts","volume":"12","author":"Fischer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12520895","article-title":"Sterile cutaneous pustules: a manifestation of primary irritancy? Identification of contact pustulogens","volume":"76","author":"Wahlberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1968.44","article-title":"Sterile cutaneous pustular reaction","volume":"50","author":"Stone","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1959.01560240094011","article-title":"Pustular patch test reactions; with particular reference to those produced by ammonium fluoride","volume":"80","author":"Fisher","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06131.x","article-title":"Histological distinction between early allergic and irritant patch test reactions: follicular spongiosis may be characteristic of early allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"41","author":"Vestergaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(95)00106-P","article-title":"A personal critique of diagnostic patch testing","volume":"14","author":"Kligman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0270","series-title":"Contact Dermatitis","first-page":"366","article-title":"Patch testing","author":"Wahlberg","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.01.001","article-title":"In the pursuit of classifying severe cutaneous adverse reactions","volume":"25","author":"Wolf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03816.x","article-title":"Challenging the classification of clinical relevance of positive patch tests results in allergic contact dermatitis: a report on an infant","volume":"47","author":"Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X13000163?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X13000163?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T06:56:08Z","timestamp":1645858568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X13000163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X13000163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.01.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}}}