{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:09:42Z","timestamp":1770347382744,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["patient-research.elsevier.com","cidjournal.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T06:24:00Z","timestamp":1393655040000},"page":"477-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["An update on diaper dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Klunk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Wiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0005","first-page":"403","article-title":"Skin problems in children","volume":"217","author":"Verbov","year":"1976","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0010","first-page":"429","article-title":"Perianal dermatitis of the newborn","volume":"82","author":"Pratt","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(59)80147-5","article-title":"The relationship of perianal dermatitis to fecal pH","volume":"54","author":"Tanino","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00237.x","article-title":"Diaper dermatitis: a study of contributing factors","volume":"26","author":"Longhi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0025","first-page":"64","article-title":"A prevalence survey of skin diseases in Nigerian children","volume":"10","author":"Odueko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.1999.99002.x","article-title":"A prospective survey of pediatric dermatology clinic patients in Kuwait: an analysis of 10,000 cases","volume":"16","author":"Nanda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1986.tb00513.x","article-title":"Diaper dermatitis: frequency and severity among a general infant population","volume":"3","author":"Jordan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0040","first-page":"493","article-title":"Getting to the bottom of nappy rash. ALSPAC Survey Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood","volume":"47","author":"Philipp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0045","first-page":"173","article-title":"Modern diaper technology","volume":"79","author":"Ratnapandian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tappi J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2066","article-title":"Diaper dye dermatitis","volume":"116","author":"Alberta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0055","series-title":"Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2010","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0060","author":"Soil Control Lab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0065","first-page":"2","volume":"1","author":"Hershkowitz","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0070","series-title":"An Updated Lifecycle Assessment Study for Disposable and Reusable Nappies","author":"Aumonier","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0075","series-title":"Study of Environmental Impacts of Selected Disposable Versus Reusable Products with Health Considerations","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0080","author":"Gillin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01588.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to Pampers Drymax","volume":"29","author":"Jacob","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0090","series-title":"No Specific Cause Found Yet Linking Dry Max Diapers to Diaper Rash","first-page":"10","author":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12065","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence rates and persistence of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study: a 15-year follow-up","volume":"168","author":"Mortz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0100","first-page":"41","article-title":"National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1995\u20131996 Summary","volume":"13","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.07099","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis in children: the Ottawa hospital patch-testing clinic experience, 1996 to 2006","volume":"19","author":"Hogeling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00769.x","article-title":"Clinically relevant patch test reactions in children: a United States based study","volume":"25","author":"Jacob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01640.x","article-title":"Atypical diaper dermatitis: contact allergy to mercapto compounds","volume":"28","author":"Onken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.440409-3.x","article-title":"\"Lucky Luke\" contact dermatitis from diapers: a new allergen?","volume":"44","author":"Belhadjali","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460110.x","article-title":"\u201cLucky Luke\u201d contact dermatitis from diapers with negative patch tests","volume":"46","author":"Di Landro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05796.x","article-title":"\u201cLucky Luke\u201d contact dermatitis due to rubber components of diapers","volume":"38","author":"Roul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2003.20504.x","article-title":"Contact sensitization to disperse dyes in children","volume":"20","author":"Giusti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0140","series-title":"Contact Dermatitis","first-page":"283","article-title":"Dermatitis from clothing and shoes","author":"Storrs","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(00)90030-7","article-title":"Disperse blue dyes 106 and 124 are common causes of textile dermatitis and should serve as screening allergens for this condition","volume":"11","author":"Pratt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042004187.x","article-title":"Textile dye allergic contact dermatitis prevalence","volume":"42","author":"Hatch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0155","first-page":"156","article-title":"Studies in contact dermatitis. 18. Dyes in clothing","volume":"54","author":"Cronin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0160","author":"Sarko"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2007.00589.x","article-title":"Patch testing: another steroid-sparing agent to consider in children","volume":"25","author":"Jacob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2009.00934.x","article-title":"The role of allergic contact dermatitis in diaper dermatitis","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.08013","article-title":"Sorbitan sesquioleate, a common emulsifier in topical corticosteroids, is an important contact allergen","volume":"19","author":"Asarch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01214.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to sorbitan sesquioleate in children","volume":"58","author":"Castanedo-Tardan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.22100.x","article-title":"Contact sensitization in 1094 children undergoing patch testing over a 7-year period","volume":"22","author":"Seidenari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00411.x","article-title":"Frequency of contact allergy in German children and adolescents patch tested between 1995 and 2002: results from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology and the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group","volume":"51","author":"Heine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06054.x","article-title":"Usefulness of the European standard series for patch testing in children. A 3-year single-centre study of 337 patients","volume":"40","author":"Roul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0200","first-page":"6","article-title":"Which children should we patch test?","volume":"32","author":"Beattie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00343.x","article-title":"The baboon syndrome: systemically-induced allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"10","author":"Andersen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0210","first-page":"75","article-title":"Etiology and pathophysiology of diaper dermatitis","volume":"3","author":"Berg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00798.x","article-title":"Napkin (diaper) dermatitis and gastrointestinal carriage of Candida albicans","volume":"105","author":"Rebora","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0220","first-page":"21","article-title":"Clinical correlates with diaper dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Benjamin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0225","first-page":"238","article-title":"Relation between the intestinal flora and diaper dermatitis in infancy","volume":"42","author":"Gokalp","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(95)00104-N","article-title":"The effect of detergents on skin pH and its consequences","volume":"14","author":"Korting","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00804.x","article-title":"Clinical demonstration of skin mildness and suitability for sensitive infant skin of a new baby wipe","volume":"26","author":"Adam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1994.tb00066.x","article-title":"Association of skin wetness and pH with diaper dermatitis","volume":"11","author":"Berg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70079-6","article-title":"Treatment of diaper dermatitis","volume":"17","author":"Boiko","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2012.01169.x","article-title":"Go naked: diapers affect infant walking","volume":"15","author":"Cole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0255","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Infant toilet training in Thailand: starting and completion age and factors determining them","volume":"94","author":"Benjasuwantep","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practical management strategies for diaper dermatitis","volume":"11","author":"Humphrey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2009.04986.x","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis: literature review","volume":"65","author":"Beeckman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80953-2","article-title":"Toxic encephalopathy caused by topically applied diphenhydramine","volume":"108","author":"Filloux","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289002900914","article-title":"Toxicity from topical administration of diphenhydramine in children","volume":"29","author":"Huston","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31819df748","article-title":"Death of a child from topical diphenhydramine","volume":"30","author":"Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0285","first-page":"CD004300","article-title":"Topical vitamin A, or its derivatives, for treating and preventing napkin dermatitis in infants","author":"Davies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000246112","article-title":"Petrolatum prevents irritation in a human cumulative exposure model in vivo","volume":"194","author":"Wigger-Alberti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2009.00505.x","article-title":"Electrometric assessment of the effect of a zinc oxide paste in diaper dermatitis","volume":"31","author":"Xhauflaire-Uhoda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05683.x","article-title":"Evaluating skin-protective materials against contact irritants and allergens. An in vivo screening human model","volume":"38","author":"Zhai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0926-9959.2001.00002.x","article-title":"Skin benefits from continuous topical administration of a zinc oxide\/petrolatum formulation by a novel disposable diaper","volume":"15","author":"Baldwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0310","first-page":"621","article-title":"Effect of oral zinc supplements on diaper rash in normal infants","volume":"78","author":"Collipp","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Ga"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0315","first-page":"659","article-title":"Effect of topically applied dexpanthenol on epidermal barrier function and stratum corneum hydration. Results of a human in vivo study","volume":"50","author":"Gehring","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0320","first-page":"1654","article-title":"Comparison of dexpanthenol and zinc oxide ointment with ointment base in the treatment of irritant diaper dermatitis from diarrhea: a multicenter study","volume":"89","author":"Wananukul","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0363-1","article-title":"Hamamelis in children with skin disorders and skin injuries: results of an observational study","volume":"166","author":"Wolff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554944","article-title":"Cholestyramine ointment in the treatment of perianal skin irritation following ileoanal anastomosis","volume":"30","author":"Moller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)80031-5","article-title":"Treatment of skin irritation around enterostomies with cholestyramine ointment","volume":"88","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603000907","article-title":"Cholestyramine ointment to treat buttocks rash and anal excoriation in an infant","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1159\/000018282","article-title":"Efficacy of topical application of eosin compared with zinc oxide paste and corticosteroid cream for diaper dermatitis","volume":"199","author":"Arad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0350","first-page":"227","article-title":"Treatment of diaper rash with Parfenac lipid ointment (bufexamac). A study by Austrian pediatricians","volume":"24","author":"Lubec","year":"1989","journal-title":"Padiatr Padol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-012-0356-2","article-title":"Effects of potato-derived protease inhibitors on perianal dermatitis after colon resection for long-segment Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"8","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.722711","article-title":"Guaiazulene: a new treatment option for recalcitrant diaper dermatitis in NICU patients","volume":"26","author":"Gunes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06140.x","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of guaiazulene and protection against paracetamol hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"49","author":"Kourounakis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0370","first-page":"102","article-title":"A randomized comparative trial on the therapeutic efficacy of topical aloe vera and Calendula officinalis on diaper dermatitis in children","volume":"8","author":"Panahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.10.1199","article-title":"Topical sucralfate for erosive irritant diaper dermatitis","volume":"136","author":"Markham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1999.tb01989.x","article-title":"Neonatal skin care: the scientific basis for practice","volume":"28","author":"Lund","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-200006000-00008","article-title":"Promoting wound healing in the neonatal setting: process versus protocol","volume":"14","author":"Taquino","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0390","first-page":"467","article-title":"Diaper rash care and management","volume":"30","author":"Borkowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01520.x","article-title":"Neonatal skin care: clinical outcomes of the AWHONN\/NANN evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses","volume":"30","author":"Lund","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00725.x","article-title":"Skin care of the diaper area","volume":"25","author":"Adam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0926-9959.2001.00004.x","article-title":"Cutaneous tolerance of baby wipes by infants with atopic dermatitis, and comparison of the mildness of baby wipe and water in infant skin","volume":"15","author":"Ehretsmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0410","first-page":"CD004262","article-title":"Disposable nappies for preventing napkin dermatitis in infants","author":"Baer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922806292409","article-title":"Prevention, diagnosis, and management of diaper dermatitis","volume":"46","author":"Nield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200506050-00001","article-title":"Diaper dermatitis: a review and brief survey of eruptions of the diaper area","volume":"6","author":"Scheinfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-10-86","article-title":"Improving diaper design to address incontinence associated dermatitis","volume":"10","author":"Beguin","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70203-2","article-title":"Methemoglobinemia from perineal application of an anesthetic cream","volume":"27","author":"Ferraro-Borgida","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.052308","article-title":"Anti-flatulence treatment and status epilepticus: a case of camphor intoxication","volume":"24","author":"Guilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0440","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Transcutaneous absorption of boron from a baby ointment used prophylactically against diaper dermatitis","volume":"86","author":"Jensen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603000903","article-title":"Serum concentrations of salicylic acid following topically applied salicylate derivatives","volume":"30","author":"Morra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603001109","article-title":"Methemoglobinemia induced by an over-the-counter medication","volume":"30","author":"Tush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5709.603","article-title":"Deadly diapers","volume":"2","author":"Samuel","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.67.6.820","article-title":"Metabolic alkalosis secondary to baking soda treatment of a diaper rash","volume":"67","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6786.1200","article-title":"Inhalation of baby powder: an unappreciated hazard","volume":"302","author":"Pairaudeau","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2002.00027.x","article-title":"Clotrimazole\/betamethasone diproprionate: a review of costs and complications in the treatment of common cutaneous fungal infections","volume":"19","author":"Greenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-010-9393-6","article-title":"Exogenous Cushing's syndrome due to topical corticosteroid application: case report and review literature","volume":"38","author":"Tempark","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2007.20.11.1173","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome and adrenocortical insufficiency caused by topical steroids: misuse or abuse?","volume":"20","author":"Guven","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00735.x","article-title":"Two cases of Cushing's syndrome due to overuse of topical steroid in the diaper area","volume":"25","author":"Semiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0736-8046.2004.21508.x","article-title":"An infantile Cushing syndrome due to misuse of topical steroid","volume":"21","author":"Siklar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.831","article-title":"Analysis of factors associated with prescription of a potentially inappropriate combination dermatologic medication among US outpatient physicians","volume":"13","author":"Balkrishnan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0500","first-page":"29","article-title":"A multicenter, open-label study to assess the safety and efficacy of ciclopirox topical suspension 0.77% in the treatment of diaper dermatitis due to Candida albicans","volume":"4","author":"Gallup","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058701500103","article-title":"Comparative and non-comparative studies of the efficacy and tolerance of tioconazole cream 1% versus another imidazole and\/or placebo in neonates and infants with candidal diaper rash and\/or impetigo","volume":"15","author":"Gibbs","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0510","first-page":"113","article-title":"Topical miconazole nitrate ointment in the treatment of diaper dermatitis complicated by candidiasis","volume":"77","author":"Spraker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199707000-00013","article-title":"Comparison of oral cephalexin, topical mupirocin and topical bacitracin for treatment of impetigo","volume":"16","author":"Bass","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0956","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in term and late-preterm previously healthy neonates","volume":"120","author":"Fortunov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0525","first-page":"CD003261","article-title":"Interventions for impetigo","author":"Koning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0530","first-page":"CD003261","article-title":"Interventions for impetigo","volume":"1","author":"Koning","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0535","first-page":"480","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatments for impetigo","volume":"53","author":"George","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555574460462","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide cream: an alternative to topical antibiotics in the treatment of impetigo contagiosa","volume":"74","author":"Christensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14769.x","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between streptococcal M surface antigen and human skin","volume":"125","author":"McFadden","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80132-4","article-title":"Psoriasis: a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease induced by streptococcal superantigens?","volume":"16","author":"Valdimarsson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0555","first-page":"21","article-title":"Is psoriasis induced by streptococcal superantigens and maintained by M-protein-specific T cells that cross-react with keratin?","volume":"107","author":"Valdimarsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.9.1104","article-title":"The immunologic and genetic basis of psoriasis","volume":"135","author":"Nickoloff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0565","first-page":"241","article-title":"To treat or not to treat? Management of guttate psoriasis and pityriasis rosea in patients with evidence of group A Streptococcal infection","volume":"9","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02017.x","article-title":"Hypothesis\u2014the natural selection of psoriasis","volume":"15","author":"McFadden","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0575","first-page":"CD001976","article-title":"Antistreptococcal interventions for guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis","author":"Owen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70090-X","article-title":"Use of rifampin with penicillin and erythromycin in the treatment of psoriasis. Preliminary report","volume":"14","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70072-N","article-title":"A therapeutic trial of the use of penicillin V or erythromycin with or without rifampin in the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"26","author":"Vincent","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03663.x","article-title":"Antistreptococcal treatment of guttate psoriasis: a controlled study","volume":"47","author":"Dogan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013169","article-title":"Erythromycin-resistant group A streptococci in schoolchildren in Pittsburgh","volume":"346","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318228492a","article-title":"Outcomes in children treated for perineal group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal dermatitis","volume":"30","author":"Olson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.06.035","article-title":"Randomized, comparative efficacy trial of oral penicillin versus cefuroxime for perianal streptococcal dermatitis in children","volume":"153","author":"Meury","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9237-0","article-title":"Perianal streptococcal dermatitis: an important differential diagnosis in pediatric patients","volume":"51","author":"Jongen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2009.01015.x","article-title":"Recent microbiological shifts in perianal bacterial dermatitis: Staphylococcus aureus predominance","volume":"26","author":"Heath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12089","article-title":"Perianal streptococcal dermatitis in adults: its association with pruritic anorectal diseases is mainly caused by group B streptococci","volume":"15","author":"Kahlke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.440506.x","article-title":"Diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM): frequency of sensitization, clinical relevance and concomitant positive reactions","volume":"44","author":"Fortina","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003_bb0630","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X14000376?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X14000376?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T21:29:41Z","timestamp":1689024581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X14000376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X14000376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An update on diaper dermatitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}