{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T11:59:11Z","timestamp":1785067151416,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T07:30:19Z","timestamp":1447745419000},"page":"3-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Leprosy in the Bible"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Nita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70071-Z","article-title":"Biblical leprosy: An anachronism whose time has come","volume":"28","author":"Kaplan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688908201020","article-title":"Biblical leprosy: A comedy of errors","volume":"82","author":"Lloyd Davies","year":"1989","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70010-6","article-title":"Tzaraat-biblical leprosy","volume":"6","author":"Freilich","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600240110023","article-title":"White spots in biblical times","volume":"93","author":"Goldman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0025","series-title":"The Jerome Biblical Commentary","first-page":"75","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198207000-00022","article-title":"Biblical leprosy as compared to present-day leprosy","volume":"75","author":"Baillie","year":"1982","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0035","first-page":"8","article-title":"Medieval Leprosy in the British Isles","volume":"24","author":"Mac Arthur","year":"1953","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20008","article-title":"Job of the Bible: Leprosy or scabies?","volume":"74","author":"Appelboom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0045","series-title":"Diseases of the Bible","first-page":"19","author":"Bennett","year":"1887"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0050","series-title":"The Book of Job. A Commentary","author":"Habel","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0055","first-page":"820","article-title":"Bacteriology in the Bible","volume":"192","author":"Levin","year":"1964","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.2307\/2803354","article-title":"A lesson from Leviticus: Leprosy","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Man"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.70873","article-title":"Newer insights to the neurological diseases among biblical characters of old testament","volume":"13","author":"Mathew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0070","series-title":"Julius Preuss' Biblical and Talmudic Medicine","first-page":"323","author":"Rosner","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0075","series-title":"Leprosy fact sheet N 101\"","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01370.x","article-title":"Current status of leprosy: Epidemiology, basic science and clinical perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Suzuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0085","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unders\u00f8gelser Ang\u00e5ende Spedalskhedens \u00c5rsager (Investigations concerning the etiology of leprosy in Norwegian)","volume":"4","author":"Hansen","year":"1874","journal-title":"Norsk Mag Laegervidenskaben"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009000600004","article-title":"Stigma, deforming metaphors and patients\u2019 moral experience of multibacillary leprosy in Sobral, Cear\u00e1 State, Brazil","volume":"25","author":"Nations","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(89)90079-8","article-title":"Culture and \u201ccompliance\u201d among leprosy patients in Pakistan","volume":"29","author":"Mull","year":"1989","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1179\/peq.1975.107.2.87","article-title":"The nature of biblical \u201cleprosy\u201d and the use of alternative medical terms in modern translations of the Bible","volume":"107","author":"Hulse","year":"1975","journal-title":"Palestine Exploration Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.638.313","article-title":"The Leprosy of the Bible","volume":"22","author":"Walker","year":"1873","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0110","series-title":"Alone no Longer","author":"Stein","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70101-1","article-title":"Lepra, psora, psoriasis","volume":"14","author":"Glickman","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0120","series-title":"Biblical Leprosy-A Suggested Interpretation","first-page":"13","author":"Cochrane","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0125","first-page":"398","article-title":"Job\u2019s syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Levin","year":"2004","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0130","series-title":"Leprosy in the Bible","first-page":"11","author":"Browne","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0135","series-title":"Oxford War Manuals","first-page":"37","article-title":"Scabies","author":"Mellanby","year":"1943"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0140","series-title":"Leprosy and Leviticus: Uncleanness and the Psyche","author":"Lloyd Davies","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0145","series-title":"Translated from the Hebrew with Introduction and Brief Explanatory Notes","first-page":"679","article-title":"The Mishnah","author":"Danby","year":"1933"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005669","article-title":"Ancient skeletal evidence for leprosy in India (2000 B.C.)","volume":"4","author":"Robbins","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.308.5724.936a","article-title":"Global spread of leprosy tied to human migration","volume":"308","author":"Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1126\/science\/1109759","article-title":"On the origin of leprosy","volume":"308","author":"Monot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000113","article-title":"The stigmatization of leprosy in India and its impact on future approaches to elimination and control","volume":"2","author":"Jacob","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0170","series-title":"Leprosy","first-page":"1","article-title":"The history of leprosy","author":"Browne","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0175","first-page":"494","article-title":"The striking hand of God: Leprosy in history","volume":"100","author":"Beckett","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5723.640","article-title":"How old is leprosy?","volume":"3","author":"Browne","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0185","series-title":"A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity","first-page":"342","article-title":"The rise of Koin\u00e9","author":"Bubenik","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0190","first-page":"485","article-title":"Some aspects of the history of leprosy: The leprosie of yesterday","volume":"68","author":"Browne","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92433-6","article-title":"Leprosy and ancient Egypt","volume":"1","author":"Hulse","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003_bb0200","series-title":"Current edition Biblia Sacra juxta latinam vulgatem versinem ad codicum fidem","article-title":"The Old Testament translated from the Hebrew by Jerome c. 400 AD","author":"The Latin version of the Bible","year":"1926"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.03.001","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000}}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X15001820?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X15001820?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:14:13Z","timestamp":1760033653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X15001820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X15001820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.03.001","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Leprosy in the Bible","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}