{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:10:45Z","timestamp":1791587445346,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T03:33:21Z","timestamp":1547177601000},"page":"268-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Self-induced dermatoses: A great imitator"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Madhulika A.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0449-9","article-title":"Current concepts in psychodermatology","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0010","first-page":"213","article-title":"Stress and the skin","volume":"145","author":"Reich","year":"2010","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1092","article-title":"Key role of CRF in the skin stress response system","volume":"34","author":"Slominski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.11.010","article-title":"Evaluation of cutaneous body image dissatisfaction in the dermatology patient","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(87)90101-0","article-title":"The self-inflicted dermatoses: a critical review","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.0010","article-title":"Cutaneous sensory disorder","volume":"32","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sem Cut Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.11.015","article-title":"Emotional regulation, dissociation, and the self-induced dermatoses: clinical features and implications for treatment with mood stabilizers","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03101.x","article-title":"Emotions and skin (II)-the conditioning of scratch responses in cases of lichen simplex","volume":"92","author":"Roberston","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0045","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.05.036","article-title":"Onychotillomania: an underrecognized disorder","volume":"75","author":"Rieder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0055","first-page":"361","article-title":"Facticious disorders in dermatology","volume":"8","author":"Harth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1240864","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive skin disorders: a novel classification based on degree of insight","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12811","article-title":"Increased risk of lichen simplex chronicus in people with anxiety disorder: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"170","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2008.00168.x","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus","volume":"21","author":"Lotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2774","article-title":"Chronic prurigo of nodular type: a review","volume":"98","author":"Zeidler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14570","article-title":"European academy of dermatology and venereology European prurigo project: expert consensus on the definition, classification and terminology of chronic prurigo","volume":"32","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients","volume":"37","author":"Weigelt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.01.003","article-title":"Dissociation and conversion symptoms in dermatology","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.12.028","article-title":"Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy in dermatology","volume":"71","author":"Boyd","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.01.005","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the dermatology patient","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.05.004","article-title":"Emotion regulation and other psychological models for body-focused repetitive behaviors","volume":"33","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0110","series-title":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry","first-page":"781","article-title":"Dermatology","author":"Gupta","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2018.08.003","article-title":"Dermatitis artefacta","volume":"36","author":"Lavery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.156048","article-title":"Influence of nail biting and finger sucking habits on the oral carriage of Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"6","author":"Kamal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1200711","article-title":"Onychophagia: a nail-biting conundrum for physicians","volume":"28","author":"Halteh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.002","article-title":"Body-focused repetitive behaviors: more prevalent than once thought?","volume":"270","author":"Houghton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0289-6","article-title":"Onychotillomania: diagnosis and management","volume":"18","author":"Halteh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1616","article-title":"Onychophagia and onychotillomania: prevalence, clinical picture and comorbidities","volume":"94","author":"Pacan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02143.x","article-title":"Onychotillomania, major depressive disorder and suicide","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183806","article-title":"Pathological grooming: evidence for a single factor behind trichotillomania, skin picking and nail biting","volume":"12","author":"Maraz","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13504","article-title":"Histopathological patterns in dermatitis artefacta","volume":"16","author":"Tittelbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000445823","article-title":"Intractable postoperative wounds caused by self-inflicted trauma in a patient with cutaneous Munchausen syndrome presenting as a pyoderma gangrenosum-like lesion","volume":"8","author":"Inui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2533","article-title":"Munchausen syndrome mimicking baboon syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Peeters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1027","article-title":"Recurrent deep ulcers resembling rare cancers as a form of factitious disorder","volume":"91","author":"Okuniewska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0175","first-page":"557","article-title":"Habit reversal training for body-focused repetitive behaviors: a practical guide for the dermatologist","volume":"153","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000462","article-title":"Systematic review of pharmacological and behavioral treatments for skin picking disorder","volume":"36","author":"Schumer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2016.04.001","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychiatric treatments for excoriation (skin-picking) disorder","volume":"41","author":"Selles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111432","article-title":"Trichotillomania","volume":"173","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.03.013","article-title":"The efficacy of habit reversal therapy for tics, habit disorders, and stuttering: a meta-analytic review","volume":"31","author":"Bate","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181e617a1","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for pathological skin picking: treatment efficacy and neurocognitive predictors of response","volume":"30","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0060","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine in the treatment of excoriation disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0210","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania","author":"Rothbart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05114gre","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine in the treatment of trichotillomania","volume":"71","author":"Van Ameringen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908243210803","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of clomipramine and desipramine in the treatment of trichotillomania (hair pulling)","volume":"321","author":"Swedo","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0111","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and clomipramine in trichotillomania","volume":"61","author":"Ninan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.60","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine, a glutamate modulator, in the treatment of trichotillomania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"66","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2174\/1871523011312030003","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine versus placebo for treating nail biting, a double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810330045007","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of clomipramine and desipramine treatment of severe onychophagia (nail biting)","volume":"48","author":"Leonard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0245","article-title":"Onychophagia induced melanonychia, splinter hemorrhages, leukonychia, and pterygium inversum unguis concurrently","volume":"2018","author":"Ficicioglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680310077013","article-title":"Pterygium inversum unguis. Report of 19 cases and review of the literature","volume":"129","author":"Caputo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13347","article-title":"Splinter hemorrhages of the nails: a systematic review of clinical features and associated conditions","volume":"55","author":"Haber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.015","article-title":"Dermoscopic features of onychotillomania: a study of 36 cases","volume":"79","author":"Maddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin H, Kim JM, Kim GW, et al. Diagnostic criteria for and clinical review of melanonychia in Korean patients. J Am Acad Dermatol;74:1121-1127.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.039"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X19300069?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X19300069?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T07:37:20Z","timestamp":1606030640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X19300069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X19300069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Self-induced dermatoses: A great imitator","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}