{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:33:04Z","timestamp":1760059984922,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T21:06:16Z","timestamp":1608152776000},"page":"107-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["What we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: Time to think outside the box, maybe far outside"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"W. Clark","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Alhatem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muriel W.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0001","first-page":"A15","article-title":"Fear and loathing in COVID America","author":"Ladapo","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0002","first-page":"B4","author":"Otani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coronavirus is a puzzle that Wall Street can't solve. The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0003","first-page":"A1","article-title":"Research reveals fatality rate for Covid-19","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0004","unstructured":"Alhatem A, Lambert WC, Schwartz RA. \u201cDo Not Resuscitate (DNR)\u201d status markedly influences death rate in COVID-19 patients. Clin Dermatol, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13544","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13544","article-title":"COVID-19 with dermatologic manifestations and implications: An unfolding conundrum","volume":"33","author":"Almutairi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0006","first-page":"A15","article-title":"COVID-19 hastens the work-at-home revolution","author":"Komisar","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0007","unstructured":"New uses for old wine. Clin Dermatol. 2020. This issue."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0008","first-page":"4539","article-title":"Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Meo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1432","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1432","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19","volume":"369","author":"Ferner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13380","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13380","article-title":"Generalized pustular figurate erythema. A newly delineated severe cutaneous drug reaction linked with hydroxychloroquine","volume":"33","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0012","unstructured":"Adad\u00edas-Granado I, Palma Ruiz AM, Cerro PA, et\u00a0al. Generalized pustular figurate erythema. First report in two COVID-19 Spanish patients on hydroxychloroquine. J Eur Acad Dermatol(in revision)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140200","article-title":"Early safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 patients","volume":"130","author":"Joyner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25961","article-title":"Convalescent plasma transfusion for the treatment of COVID-19: Systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Rajendran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-201017","article-title":"Coronavirus drugs: Using plasma from recovered patients as a treatment for COVID-19","volume":"31","author":"Alzoughool","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Risk Saf Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0016","article-title":"Convalescent plasma and COVID-19 treatment","author":"Joob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102790","article-title":"Treatment for emerging viruses: Convalescent plasma and COVID-19","volume":"59","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0018","first-page":"A5","article-title":"Survivors\u2019 plasma found to cut covid mortality","author":"Marcus","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0019","first-page":"A6","article-title":"Biotech is upbeat on vaccine","author":"Pancevski","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1958.02990100022005","article-title":"Antibody response in volunteers to Asian influenza vaccine","volume":"166","author":"Hilleman","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"The Man Who Beat the 1957 Flu Pandemic Pioneering virologist Maurice Hilleman, who is little remembered today, also helped develop nine of the 14 children's vaccines that are now recommended","author":"Cavanaugh Simpson","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0022","first-page":"A6","article-title":"Vaccines have a lot to prove","author":"Zukerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0023","first-page":"A6","article-title":"Vaccine researchers aim to stem side effects","author":"Loftus","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01626","article-title":"Overview: Systemic inflammatory response derived from lung injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection explains severe outcomes in COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Polidoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6825","article-title":"Management of COVID-19 respiratory distress","volume":"323","author":"Marini","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14053","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation: A devastating systemic disorder of special concern with COVID-19","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047549","article-title":"The science underlying COVID-19 implications for the cardiovascular system","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048020","article-title":"Hospitalized COVID-19 patients and venous thromboembolism","volume":"142","author":"Spyropoulos Alex","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06062-x","article-title":"High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Helms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","article-title":"COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: Implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"Bikdeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Col Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0188","article-title":"Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoC-2 infection","volume":"58","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0032","first-page":"E006","article-title":"Clinical and coagulation characteristics of 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0033","article-title":"Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19: The first autopsy series from New Orleans","author":"Fox","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0034","first-page":"A13","article-title":"Covid's harrowing complications","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0035","article-title":"COVID-19 specific skin changes related to SARS-CoV-2: Visualizing a public health challenge","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19163","article-title":"Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: A rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases","volume":"183","author":"Galv\u00e1n Casas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16774","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A clinical update","volume":"34","author":"Gisondi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.145","article-title":"Childblain-like acral lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic (\u201cCOVID toes\u201d): Histologic, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases","author":"Kanitakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14215","article-title":"Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Andina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13481","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of a 21st century worldwide fungal epidemic possibly complicating the COVID-19 pandemic to jointly menace mankind","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0041","unstructured":"Kapila R, Schwartz RA. Post-pandemic neuropsychiatric complications: von Economo's disease, the Kapila syndrome and more: Linkages in view of the new Covid-19 pandemic. Indian J Med Sci, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323667","article-title":"Defining causality in COVID-19 and neurological disorders","volume":"91","author":"Ellul","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009713","article-title":"Preserving stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Potential issues and solutions","volume":"95","author":"Leira Enrique","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.001","article-title":"COVID-19 treatment-induced psychiatric adverse effects","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0045","first-page":"581","article-title":"Encephalitis lethargica","volume":"30","author":"von Economo","year":"1917","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5108.1311","article-title":"Neurological and hepatic disorders associated with influenza","volume":"2","author":"Kapila","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2002387","article-title":"COVID-19. Navigating the uncharted","volume":"382","author":"Fauci","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.034","article-title":"Treatment options for COVID-19: The reality and challenge","volume":"53","author":"Jean","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps31002","article-title":"Current drugs with potential for treatment of COVID-19: A literature review","volume":"23","author":"Robby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2005477","article-title":"COVID-19: The search for effective therapy","volume":"382","author":"Baden","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30894-1","article-title":"Flooded by the torrent: The COVID-19 drug pipeline","volume":"395","author":"Muillard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1126\/science.367.6485.1412","article-title":"Race to find COVID-19 treatment accelerates","volume":"367","author":"Kupferschmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9332","article-title":"Rapid repurposing of drugs for COVID-19","volume":"368","author":"Guy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0054","first-page":"118","article-title":"Treatments for COVID-19: Emerging drugs against the coronavirus","volume":"91","author":"Pot\u00ec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2398","article-title":"Review of emergency pharmacotherapy for the treatment of coronavirus disease","volume":"40","author":"Barlow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.14582","article-title":"ACE inhibitors and COVID-19: We don't know yet","volume":"35","author":"Khashkhusha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2020.05.002","article-title":"French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers. \u201cOff-label\u201d use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: A survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.05.030","article-title":"Fatal arrhythmias: Another reason why doctors remain cautious about hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19","author":"Uzelac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0059","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Cardiac safety of off-label COVID-19 drug treatment: A review and proposed protocol","volume":"9","author":"Natsuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0060","article-title":"Risk of using hydroxychloroquine as a treatment of COVID-19","author":"Lo'ai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Risk Saf Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0061","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine effects on psoriasis: A systemic review and a cautionary note for COVID-19 treatment","author":"Sachdera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13785","article-title":"Azithromycin and COVID-19 prompt early use at first signs of this infection in adults and children: An approach worthy of consideration","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.099","article-title":"Henry Ford COVID-19 Task Force. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19","author":"Arshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00765-3","article-title":"Recommendations for the measurement of the QT interval during the use of drugs for COVID-19 infection treatment. Updatable in accordance with the availability of new evidence","author":"Asensio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0065","article-title":"Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review","author":"Gbinigie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJGP Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-019-0204-x","article-title":"Azithromycin, a 15-membered macrolide antibiotic, inhibits influenza A(H1 N1)pdm09 virus infection by interfering with virus internalization process","volume":"72","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14408","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618029113","article-title":"Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by Azithromycin","volume":"113","author":"Retallack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4172\/1948-5964.1000173","article-title":"Azithromycin inhibits the replication of Zika virus","volume":"10","author":"Bosseboeuf","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antivir Antiretrovir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0069","first-page":"236","article-title":"Sofosbuvir as a potential option for the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"91","author":"Nourian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0070","first-page":"5193","article-title":"Editorial - Sofosbuvir\/Velpatasvir as a combination with strong potential activity against SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection: How to use direct-acting antivirals as broad-spectrum antiviral agents","volume":"24","author":"Izzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005615117","article-title":"Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 in patients with tocilizumab","volume":"117","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26038","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab: An individual patient data systematic review","author":"Antwi-Amoabeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2020.01015","article-title":"Rapid review for the anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Discov Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45498","article-title":"Targeting the endocytic pathway and autophagy process as a novel therapeutic strategy in COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Low-cost dexamethasone reduces death by up to one third in hospitalized patients with severe respiratory complications of COVID-19","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0075"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30749-2","article-title":"Caution against corticosteroid-based COVID-19 treatment","volume":"395","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1185","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COVID-19","author":"Little","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0078","first-page":"A6","article-title":"Scientists enlist antibody treatment in fight against COVID-19","author":"Solomon","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102567","article-title":"Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions","volume":"19","author":"Jamilloux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102452","article-title":"Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)?","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000930","article-title":"The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer perspective on regulation of interleukin-6 signaling in COVID-19-related systemic inflammatory response. Version 2","volume":"8","author":"Arnaldez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13715","article-title":"Potential role of anti-interleukin-17 in COVID-19 treatment","author":"Ayhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2395","article-title":"Therapeutic potential for tetracycline in the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"Sodhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0084","article-title":"Onchoceriasis (river blindness): Larva-induced eczema (onchodermatitis) from an important oculocutaneous tropical disease spilling over into North America and Europe","author":"Schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104787","article-title":"The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro","volume":"178","author":"Caly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.017","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin: A synergistic combination for COVID-19 chemoprophylaxis and\/or treatment?","author":"Patr\u00ec","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0087","first-page":"1","article-title":"Can zinc be a critical element in COVID-19 treatment?","volume":"26","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109848","article-title":"Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypothesis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2020.52.2.222","article-title":"Vitamin C as a possible treatment for COVID-19","volume":"52","author":"Hemil\u00e4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0090","article-title":"Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy in managing critically ill COVID-19 patients: The case for compassionate use","volume":"23","author":"Atluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-09973-w","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for COVID-19: Present or future","volume":"16","author":"Golchin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117583","article-title":"COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment","volume":"250","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00751-9","article-title":"Don't rush to deploy COVID-19 vaccines and drugs without safety guarantees","volume":"579","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-05772-z","article-title":"How to defuse malaria's ticking time bomb","volume":"599","author":"Maxmen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0639-8","article-title":"Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Chausterman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900104","article-title":"Immune response resetting in ongoing sepsis","volume":"203","author":"Nowill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X20302558?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X20302558?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:18:49Z","timestamp":1760033929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X20302558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X20302558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0738-081X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: Time to think outside the box, maybe far outside","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.12.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}