{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:27:50Z","timestamp":1762410470158,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T20:10:29Z","timestamp":1741983029000},"page":"661-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Functional magnetic resonance imaging in prurigo nodularis: A call to study neural sensitization phenomena"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jannis M.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon M.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21698","article-title":"Chronic prurigo","volume":"187","author":"Misery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.022","article-title":"Diagnostic and treatment algorithm for chronic nodular prurigo","volume":"82","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.183","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis: epidemiology and clinical features","volume":"83","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14570","article-title":"European academy of dermatology and venereology European prurigo project: expert consensus on the definition, classification and terminology of chronic prurigo","volume":"32","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2019.11.005","article-title":"Central mechanisms of itch: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Najafi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21032","article-title":"Epidemiology of prurigo nodularis in England: a retrospective database analysis","volume":"187","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-020-02148-0","article-title":"The impact of prurigo nodularis on quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Janmohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908316","article-title":"Trial of Nemolizumab in moderate-to-severe prurigo nodularis","volume":"382","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15145","article-title":"The self-assessed psychological comorbidities of prurigo in European patients: a multicentre study in 13 countries","volume":"33","author":"Brenaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2013.814759","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis: an update on etiopathogenesis and therapy","volume":"24","author":"Fostini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S316602","article-title":"Immunotargets and therapy for prurigo nodularis","volume":"11","author":"Labib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13080527","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1159\/000518391","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus: a review","volume":"46","author":"Makar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1990.tb00670.x","article-title":"Hodgkin's disease manifesting as prurigo nodularis","volume":"7","author":"Shelnitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.182","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis: pathogenesis and management","volume":"83","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14029","article-title":"Addiction and the itch-scratch cycle. What do they have in common?","volume":"28","author":"Ishiuji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.011","article-title":"Dupilumab as a novel treatment option for prurigo nodularis","volume":"152","author":"Nakajima","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v103.5346","article-title":"Itch and Janus kinase inhibitors","volume":"103","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.078","article-title":"Itch: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"86","author":"Sutaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.08.006","article-title":"Sensory neurons co-opt classical immune signaling pathways to mediate chronic itch","volume":"171","author":"Oetjen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.3023","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib vs dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"157","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02320-9","article-title":"Dupilumab in patients with prurigo nodularis: two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials","volume":"29","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.017","article-title":"Neuroimmune interplay during type 2 inflammation: symptoms, mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in atopic diseases","volume":"153","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13343","article-title":"There is no functional small-fibre neuropathy in prurigo nodularis despite neuroanatomical alterations","volume":"26","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10306.x","article-title":"Reduced intraepidermal nerve fibre density in lesional and nonlesional prurigo nodularis skin as a potential sign of subclinical cutaneous neuropathy","volume":"165","author":"Schuhknecht","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2005.00187.x","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis: a review","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13305","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging in dermatology: the skin, the brain and the invisible","volume":"26","author":"Mueller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082389","article-title":"Brain's reward circuits mediate itch relief. A functional MRI study of active scratching","volume":"8","author":"Papoiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2016.49.9.108","article-title":"The peripheral and central mechanisms underlying itch","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13070450","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease-associated itch (CKD-aI) in children-a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Reszke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2774","article-title":"Chronic prurigo of nodular type: a review","volume":"98","author":"Zeidler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.99","article-title":"Neuropathic pruritus","volume":"10","author":"Misery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28553","article-title":"Frontiers in pruritus research: scratching the brain for more effective itch therapy","volume":"116","author":"Paus","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.044","article-title":"Humanistic burden of chronic pruritus in patients with inflammatory dermatoses: results of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Network on assessment of severity and burden of pruritus (PruNet) cross-sectional trial","volume":"79","author":"Steinke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38264-4","article-title":"Central medial thalamic nucleus dynamically participates in acute itch sensation and chronic itch-induced anxiety-like behavior in male mice","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120011","article-title":"Improved sensitivity and microvascular weighting of 3T laminar fMRI with GE-BOLD using NORDIC and phase regression","volume":"271","author":"Knudsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.05.020","article-title":"Robust detection of ocular dominance columns in humans using Hahn Spin Echo BOLD functional MRI at 7 Tesla","volume":"37","author":"Yacoub","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06976","article-title":"What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI","volume":"453","author":"Logothetis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2020.09.001","article-title":"Functional MRI of pruritus","volume":"47","author":"Cheddad El Aouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12570-6","article-title":"Itch","volume":"361","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.099","article-title":"A tale of two itches. Common features and notable differences in brain activation evoked by cowhage and histamine induced itch","volume":"59","author":"Papoiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.08.013","article-title":"Brain mechanism of itch in atopic dermatitis and its possible alteration through non-invasive treatments","volume":"66","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12864","article-title":"How stress triggers itch: a preliminary study of the mechanism of stress-induced pruritus using fMRI","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0305","article-title":"Clinical classification of itch: a position paper of the International Forum for the Study of Itch","volume":"87","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083866","article-title":"A systematic review of international affective picture system (IAPS) around the world","volume":"23","author":"Branco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1097\/itx.0000000000000042","article-title":"IFSI-guideline on chronic prurigo including prurigo nodularis","volume":"5","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Itch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00207.2009","article-title":"Cerebral representation of the relief of itch by scratching","volume":"102","author":"Vierow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.3","article-title":"The brain processing of scratching","volume":"128","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs363","article-title":"The brain circuitry mediating antipruritic effects of acupuncture","volume":"24","author":"Napadow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1188","article-title":"Psychoneuroimmunology of psychological stress and atopic dermatitis: pathophysiologic and therapeutic updates","volume":"92","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113552","article-title":"Mental stress in atopic dermatitis\u2013neuronal plasticity and the cholinergic system are affected in atopic dermatitis and in response to acute experimental mental stress in a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.3.1.14618","article-title":"Stress, atopy and allergy: a re-evaluation from a psychoneuroimmunologic persepective","volume":"3","author":"Liezmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1989.tb04825.x","article-title":"Use of occlusive membrane in the treatment of prurigo nodularis","volume":"28","author":"Meyers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-81147-1_4","article-title":"The brain's reward system in health and disease","volume":"1344","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109818","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis induces anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors with concomitant neuronal adaptations in brain reward circuits in mice","volume":"98","author":"Yeom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.03.030","article-title":"Central processing of itch in the midbrain reward center","volume":"102","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0289-z","article-title":"The transition to compulsion in addiction","volume":"21","author":"L\u00fcscher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00967-4","article-title":"Getting formal with dopamine and reward","volume":"36","author":"Schultz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1159\/000355671","article-title":"Evaluation of the antipruritic effects of topical pimecrolimus in non-atopic prurigo nodularis: results of a randomized, hydrocortisone-controlled, double-blind phase II trial","volume":"227","author":"Siepmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13827","article-title":"Anxiety, depression and suicide in patients with prurigo nodularis","volume":"31","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06852.x","article-title":"Psychological factors in prurigo nodularis in comparison with psoriasis vulgaris: results of a case-control study","volume":"154","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01314.x","article-title":"Therapeutic hotline: treatment of prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus with gabapentin","volume":"23","author":"Gencoglan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-004-0802-8","article-title":"Antipruritic therapy with the oral opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone. Open, non-placebo controlled administration in 133 patients]","volume":"55","author":"Brune","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18195","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506624102","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of pain-related brain activity during normal and central sensitization states in humans","volume":"102","author":"Iannetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000924","article-title":"Disambiguating pharmacodynamic efficacy from behavior with neuroimaging: implications for analgesic drug development","volume":"124","author":"Wanigasekera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.142","article-title":"The impact of gabapentin administration on brain GABA and glutamate concentrations: a 7T \u00b9H-MRS study","volume":"37","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(02)00034-7","article-title":"Gabapentin and vigabatrin increase GABA in the human neocortical slice","volume":"49","author":"Errante","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.368","article-title":"Modulation of cerebral GABA by topiramate, lamotrigine, and gabapentin in healthy adults","volume":"58","author":"Kuzniecky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13085","article-title":"Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, multimodal-MRI pilot study of gabapentin for co-occurring bipolar and cannabis use disorders","volume":"27","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.02.066","article-title":"Analgesic mechanisms of gabapentinoids and effects in experimental pain models: a narrative review","volume":"120","author":"Chincholkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001040","article-title":"Multiple sites and actions of gabapentin-induced relief of ongoing experimental neuropathic pain","volume":"158","author":"Bannister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0073","first-page":"85","article-title":"Gabapentin for the treatment of recalcitrant chronic prurigo nodularis","volume":"18","author":"Dereli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2702","article-title":"Antidepressants have anti-inflammatory effects that may be relevant to dermatology: a systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Eskeland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0075","first-page":"889","article-title":"Mirtazapine for reducing nocturnal itch in patients with chronic pruritus: a pilot study","volume":"50","author":"Hundley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.46.4.373","article-title":"Alleviating the itch-scratch cycle in atopic dermatitis","volume":"46","author":"Mahtani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1630702","article-title":"Defining the role of mirtazapine in the treatment of refractory pruritus","volume":"32","author":"Fawaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04481.x","article-title":"Prurigo as a symptom of atopic and non-atopic diseases: aetiological survey in a consecutive cohort of 108 patients","volume":"27","author":"Iking","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.047","article-title":"Ethnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients","volume":"79","author":"Boozalis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00198.x","article-title":"A review of the pharmacological and clinical profile of mirtazapine","volume":"7","author":"Anttila","year":"2001","journal-title":"CNS Drug Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0081","first-page":"227","article-title":"Treating itch in psoriasis","volume":"18","author":"Dawn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00645-0","article-title":"Mirtazapine for pruritus","volume":"25","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115616384","article-title":"A single dose of mirtazapine attenuates neural responses to self-referential processing","volume":"30","author":"Komulainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01210-1","article-title":"Study of mirtazapine for agitated behaviours in dementia (SYMBAD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"398","author":"Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1983-8","article-title":"A single dose of mirtazapine modulates neural responses to emotional faces in healthy people","volume":"212","author":"Rawlings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.007","article-title":"Treatment of pruritus with topically applied opiate receptor antagonist","volume":"56","author":"Bigliardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa430","article-title":"Central opioid receptors mediate morphine-induced itch and chronic itch via disinhibition","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4257","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx129","article-title":"Dissociable roles of cerebral \u03bc-opioid and type 2 dopamine receptors in vicarious pain: a combined PET-fMRI study","volume":"27","author":"Karjalainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.4093","article-title":"Utility of naltrexone treatment for chronic inflammatory dermatologic conditions: a systematic review","volume":"155","author":"Ekelem","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2006","article-title":"Cerebral networks linked to itch-related sensations induced by histamine and capsaicin","volume":"95","author":"Vierow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31826b1329","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) relieved itching in a patient with chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"29","author":"Knotkova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.007","article-title":"Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: a consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead","volume":"104","author":"Ekhtiari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13803","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation over contralateral primary somatosensory cortex disrupts perception of itch intensity","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.07.003","article-title":"A transcranial direct current stimulation over the sensorimotor cortex modulates the itch sensation induced by histamine","volume":"127","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-018-9393-5","article-title":"Efficacy of Invasive and non-invasive brain modulation interventions for addiction","volume":"29","author":"Luigjes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0096","first-page":"338","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation increases impulsivity in two patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Luigjes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01229-4","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for addictive disorders-where are we now?","volume":"19","author":"Yuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.028","article-title":"Mapping human brain lesions and their functional consequences","volume":"165","author":"Karnath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.07.001","article-title":"Smoking cessation behaviors three months following acute insular damage from stroke","volume":"51","author":"Abdolahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt172","article-title":"Basal ganglia plus insula damage yields stronger disruption of smoking addiction than basal ganglia damage alone","volume":"16","author":"Gaznick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135926","article-title":"Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking","volume":"315","author":"Naqvi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e840","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.100","article-title":"Paradoxical augmented relapse in alcohol-dependent rats during deep-brain stimulation in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"6","author":"Hadar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.170679","article-title":"The effect of medial prefrontal cortex electrical stimulation on passive avoidance memory in healthy and addict rats","volume":"4","author":"Mehdipour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.147011","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex attenuates cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking","volume":"1746","author":"Guercio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.270","article-title":"High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus blocks compulsive-like re-escalation of heroin taking in rats","volume":"42","author":"Wade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2024121118","article-title":"Subthalamic low-frequency oscillations predict vulnerability to cocaine addiction","volume":"118","author":"Degoulet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.12.008","article-title":"Spontaneous resolution of intractable prurigo nodularis after subinsular cortex stroke","volume":"32","author":"Kashem","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-021-00490-x","article-title":"Novel targeted biological agents for the treatment of atopic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.01.017","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab (an anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody) in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by topical corticosteroids: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial (TREBLE)","volume":"78","author":"Simpson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206714","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of lebrikizumab for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"388","author":"Silverberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18922","article-title":"Expert consensus on the systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis in special populations","volume":"37","author":"Adam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e303","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15584","article-title":"Dramatic improvement of generalized prurigo nodularis with dupilumab","volume":"33","author":"Calugareanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000519669","article-title":"Influence of Janus kinase inhibitors on the neuronal activity as a proof-of-concept model for itch","volume":"35","author":"Wohlrab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1565-6","article-title":"Baricitinib reverses HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in a SCID mouse model and reservoir seeding in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Gavegnano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.01.028","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into the antipruritic effects of lebrikizumab, an anti-IL-13 mAb","volume":"150","author":"Miron","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0116","first-page":"732","article-title":"Secukinumab ameliorates oxidative damage induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats","volume":"32","author":"Oztanir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.06.060","article-title":"Aggression behaviour induced by oral administration of the Janus-kinase inhibitor tofacitinib, but not oclacitinib, under stressful conditions","volume":"764","author":"Fukuyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223588","article-title":"Abrocitinib attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting the JAK1\/STAT1\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13533","article-title":"Interleukin-31 and interleukin-31 receptor: new therapeutic targets for atopic dermatitis","volume":"27","author":"Nakashima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X25000884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X25000884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T02:24:07Z","timestamp":1762395847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X25000884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0738081X25000884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0738-081X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging in prurigo nodularis: A call to study neural sensitization phenomena","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.03.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}