{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:15:31Z","timestamp":1783426531797,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:26:44Z","timestamp":1782145604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tanorexia: The psychodermatology of compulsive tanning"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Belma","family":"T\u00fcrsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamze","family":"To\u011fa\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kroumpouzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.20431\/2456-0022.0804001","article-title":"Do dermatologists have a role in counseling patients on the dangers of tanning addiction?","volume":"8","author":"Herrick","year":"2025","journal-title":"ARC J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2009.00392.x","article-title":"Tanning as an addictive behavior: a literature review","volume":"25","author":"Nolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0003","series-title":"The Rise and Fall of the Sunbed in Britain: Tanning Culture From Fad to Fear","first-page":"117","article-title":"Spreading 'tanorexic' tanning culture through Britain's print press","author":"Creed","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.144352","article-title":"Changes in skin tanning attitudes: fashion articles and advertisements in the early 20th century","volume":"99","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e3283252fc5","article-title":"Indoor UV tanning and skin cancer: health risks and opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Schulman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70213-X","article-title":"A review of human carcinogens\u2014part D: radiation","volume":"10","author":"El Ghissassi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22453","article-title":"The association of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant melanoma and other skin cancers: a systematic review","volume":"120","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.02.022","article-title":"Tanning and skin cancer","volume":"62","author":"Junkins-Hopkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003277","article-title":"Skin cancer risk perception and tanning bed use: a population-based survey to \u0131dentify persons at risk for melanoma in Olmsted County, Minnesota","volume":"48","author":"Barbosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0010","unstructured":"American Academy of Dermatology. American Academy of Dermatology survey shows Generation Z adults are unfamiliar with sunburn and tanning risks. Available at: https:\/\/www.aad.org\/news\/gen-z-unfamiliar-sunburn-tanning-risks?utm_source=chatgpt.com. Accessed June 10, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053","article-title":"Ultraviolet exposure is a reinforcing stimulus in frequent indoor tanners","volume":"51","author":"Feldman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.032","article-title":"Skin \u03b2-endorphin mediates addiction to UV light","volume":"157","author":"Fell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.11.1059","article-title":"Induction of withdrawal-like symptoms in a small randomized, controlled trial of opioid blockade in frequent tanners","volume":"54","author":"Kaur","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12503","article-title":"Novel gene identified in an exome-wide association study of tanning dependence","volume":"23","author":"Cartmel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.057","article-title":"Tanning addiction and psychopathology: further evaluation of anxiety disorders and substance abuse","volume":"70","author":"Ashrafioun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0016","first-page":"506","article-title":"Body dysmorphic disorder in the cosmetic practice","volume":"153","author":"Kuhn","year":"2018","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2023.03.001","article-title":"Body dysmorphic disorder: a critical appraisal of diagnostic, screening, and assessment tools","volume":"41","author":"T\u00fcrk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-006-9002-2","article-title":"Tanning in body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"77","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.385","article-title":"Addiction to indoor tanning: relations to anxiety, depression, and substance use","volume":"146","author":"Mosher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.120912-QUAN-442","article-title":"Psychiatric and addictive symptoms of young adult female indoor tanners","volume":"28","author":"Heckman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0394","article-title":"TANS syndrome: tanorexia, anorexia, and nonmelanoma skin cancer","volume":"108","author":"Abdali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5909","article-title":"Indoor tanning and non-melanoma skin cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"345","author":"Wehner","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4757","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"345","author":"Boniol","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.940","article-title":"Indoor tanning and risk of early-onset basal cell carcinoma","volume":"67","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8886","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29110699","article-title":"An epidemiological update on \u0131ndoor tanning and the risk of skin cancers","volume":"29","author":"Dessinioti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.8.963","article-title":"UV light tanning as a type of substance-related disorder","volume":"141","author":"Warthan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12243","article-title":"Measurement of tanning dependence","volume":"28","author":"Heckman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.2929","article-title":"Evaluating a measure of tanning abuse and dependence","volume":"148","author":"Hillhouse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0029","article-title":"A scoping review: screening questionnaires for identifying tanning addiction","volume":"2","author":"Meisenheimer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Evid Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2290","article-title":"The Behavioral Addiction Indoor Tanning Screener: an evaluation of a brief measure of behavioral addictive symptoms","volume":"96","author":"Stapleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.5866","article-title":"The association between psychiatric disorders and frequent indoor tanning","volume":"152","author":"Blashill","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2007.12.003","article-title":"Treating body dysmorphic disorder with medication: evidence, misconceptions, and a suggested approach","volume":"5","author":"Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.05.007","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"48","author":"Harrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.12.007","article-title":"Modular cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.11.1521","article-title":"A comparison of 2 brief intervention approaches to reduce indoor tanning behavior in young women who indoor tan very frequently","volume":"144","author":"Turrisi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000254","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a web-based indoor tanning intervention: acceptability and preliminary outcomes","volume":"34S","author":"Stapleton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.85","article-title":"Effect of seasonal affective disorder and pathological tanning motives on efficacy of an appearance-focused intervention to prevent skin cancer","volume":"146","author":"Hillhouse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-009-9246-z","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of an appearance-focused skin cancer intervention within indoor tanner subgroups identified by latent profile analysis","volume":"33","author":"Stapleton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.203","article-title":"The sunless study: a beach randomized trial of a skin cancer prevention intervention promoting sunless tanning","volume":"146","author":"Pagoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0040","first-page":"768","article-title":"Tanning bed legislation for minors: a comprehensiv\u03b5 international comparison","volume":"9","author":"Diehl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.4.443","article-title":"Youth access laws: in the dark at the tanning parlor?","volume":"139","author":"Dellavalle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X26001537?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X26001537?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:30:13Z","timestamp":1783423813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X26001537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0738081X26001537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tanorexia: The psychodermatology of compulsive tanning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}