{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:53:49Z","timestamp":1792011229325,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:09:30Z","timestamp":1790035770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Skin aesthetics: The influence of beauty ideals on the medicalization of appearance"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Polak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pawlikowska-\u0141ag\u00f3d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0001","series-title":"The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions into Treatable Disorders","author":"Conrad","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0002","series-title":"Sacred Luxuries: Fragrance, Aromatherapy, and Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt","author":"Manniche","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0003","series-title":"Cosmetics and Perfumes in the Roman World","author":"Stewart","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0004","series-title":"Textbook of Ayurveda. Vol. 1: Fundamental Principles of Ayurveda","author":"Lad","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0005","series-title":"The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine","author":"Kaptchuk","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0006","series-title":"The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity","author":"Porter","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0007","series-title":"Medicine and Society in Later Medieval England","author":"Rawcliffe","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0008","series-title":"The Dermatology and Syphilology of the Nineteenth Century","author":"Crissey","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0009","unstructured":"Hebra F. Atlas der Hautkrankheiten. Wien: C. Gerold's Sohn; 1856\u20131876."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0010","series-title":"Doctrina de Morbis Cutaneis","author":"Plenck","year":"1776"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.291","article-title":"Bibliographic landmarks in the history of dermatology","volume":"48","author":"Potter","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.09.006","article-title":"History of dermatology: the study of skin diseases over the centuries","volume":"96","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2010.09090","article-title":"The origins of Western dermatology","volume":"14","author":"Ross","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0014","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Historical outline of attempts to classify skin diseases","volume":"116","author":"Jackson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.09.005","article-title":"Robert Willan: pioneer in morphology","volume":"29","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0016","unstructured":"Willan R. On Cutaneous Diseases. London, UK: J Johnson; 1798\u20131808."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0017","first-page":"94","article-title":"Skin over the centuries. A short history of dermatology: physiology, pathology and cosmetics","volume":"1","author":"Santoro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Histor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0018","series-title":"Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery","author":"Gilman","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.3393","article-title":"Cleopatra and sour milk\u2014the ancient practice of chemical peeling","volume":"153","author":"Rajanala","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0151-9638(11)70086-2","article-title":"The red face: art, history and medical representations","volume":"138","author":"Cribier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0021","series-title":"A Science of Impurity: Water Analysis in Nineteenth Century Britain","author":"Hamlin","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0022","first-page":"389","article-title":"Back to the roots\u2014dermatology in ancient Egyptian medicine","volume":"14","author":"Hartmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.6-1-81","article-title":"Skin disease in antiquity","volume":"6","author":"Liddell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0024","series-title":"Defining Features: Scientific and Medical Portraits 1660\u20132000","author":"Jordanova","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0025","series-title":"The Body and Social Theory","author":"Shilling","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0026","series-title":"The Human Animal in Western Art and Science","author":"Kemp","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0027","series-title":"Understanding Greek Sculpture: Ancient Meanings, Modern Readings","author":"Spivey","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0028","series-title":"Greek Sculpture: The Classical Period","author":"Boardman","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0029","series-title":"History of Beauty","author":"Eco","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475418811358","article-title":"The father of medicine on dermatology","volume":"23","author":"Ladda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0201","article-title":"Hippocrates' contributions to dermatology revealed","volume":"151","author":"Alsaidan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0032","series-title":"Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India: Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery","author":"Zysk","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0033","series-title":"Medicine in China: A History of Ideas","author":"Unschuld","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0034","series-title":"Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: An Introduction to Knowledge and Practice","author":"Siraisi","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0035","series-title":"Medieval Islamic Medicine. Edinburgh","author":"Pormann","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0036","series-title":"The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity","author":"Brown","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0037","series-title":"The Illustrations From the Works of Andreas Vesalius of Brussels","author":"Saunders","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0038","series-title":"Leonardo da Vinci: The Marvellous Works of Nature and Man","author":"Kemp","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1098\/rsnr.2004.0055","article-title":"The discovery of microorganisms by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Fellows of the Royal Society","volume":"58","author":"Gest","year":"2004","journal-title":"Notes Rec R Soc Lond"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.1038\/8964","article-title":"A unifying concept: the history of cell theory","volume":"1","author":"Mazzarello","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0041","first-page":"21","article-title":"Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination","volume":"18","author":"Riedel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0042","series-title":"The Greatest Killer: Smallpox in History","author":"Hopkins","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0043","series-title":"Realism","author":"Nochlin","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0044","series-title":"19th-Century Art","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0045","series-title":"Beauty Imagined: A History of the Global Beauty Industry","author":"Jones","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70277-4","article-title":"Two hundred years of dermatology","volume":"39","author":"Crissey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02894.x","article-title":"Robert Willan and the French Willanists","volume":"140","author":"Tilles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0055","first-page":"580","article-title":"The founders of dermatology: Robert Willan and Thomas Bateman","volume":"33","author":"Leach","year":"1999","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Lond"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0046","series-title":"Hope in a Jar: The Making of America\u2019s Beauty Culture","author":"Peiss","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0047","series-title":"On Photography","author":"Sontag","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0048","series-title":"Photography: A Cultural History","author":"Marien","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1992.tb03295.x","article-title":"Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C botulinum A exotoxin","volume":"18","author":"Carruthers","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP2086","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab274","article-title":"The Zoom boom: how video calling impacts attitudes towards aesthetic surgery in the COVID-19 era","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016_bib0051","series-title":"Historical Atlas of Dermatology and Dermatologists","author":"Crissey","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X26002427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0738081X26002427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:40:32Z","timestamp":1792010432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738081X26002427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0738081X26002427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-081X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-081X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Skin aesthetics: The influence of beauty ideals on the medicalization of appearance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2026.09.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}